Geschlechterverhältnisse und Ethos fürsorglicher (Pflege-)Praxis im Wandel: Literaturbericht und Problemskizzen zur Tradition weiblichen Dienstes in der Diakonie
Autor/in:
Kumbruck, Christel
Quelle: Universität Bremen, Forschungszentrum Nachhaltigkeit (artec); Bremen (artec-paper, 146), 2007. 35 S
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Frauenbewegung; caregiving; Betreuung; historische Entwicklung; care; church social work; welfare care; Pflege; woman; Beruf; Geschlechterverhältnis; historical development; occupation; kirchliche Sozialarbeit; Fürsorge; women's movement
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialwesen, Sozialplanung, Sozialarbeit, Sozialpädagogik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Female autonomy and gender gaps in education in Pakistan
Autor/in:
Aslam, Monazza
Quelle: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education, Research Consortium on Educational Outcomes and Poverty (RECOUP); Cambridge (RECOUP Working Papers, 3), 2007. 42 S
Inhalt: In this study we examine whether gender bias in education depends on the extent of female decision-making power. Household headship is used as a measure of female autonomy, with different types of households theorized to reflect varying degrees of female autonomy. Most female-headed-households in Pakistan are formed either because women are widowed or because husbands migrate. Women in male-headed-households are hypothesized to have least autonomy followed by married women heads whose migrant husbands may retain some decision-making power. Widow heads are hypothesized to have the greatest degree of autonomy among women in different households. The econometric findings suggest that married women heads gender-discriminate as much as male heads but that widow-heads have significantly lower bias against girls in enrolment decisions than male heads. The results also suggest that educated female heads gender differentiate less than both uneducated female heads and than male heads. The evidence suggests that households having better educated women with more independent status discriminate against the education of their daughters less than other households.
Equal opportunity policy and feminist political science: the "invisible avant-garde" of governance research?
Titelübersetzung:Gleichstellungspolitik und feministische Politikwissenschaft: eine "unsichtbare Avantgarde" der Governance-Forschung?
Autor/in:
Bothfeld, Silke; Kuhl, Mara
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsprofessur "Neue Formen von Governance", 2007-202), 2007. 25 S
Inhalt: "In Deutschland wurde Gleichstellungspolitik von Beginn an über Steuerungsformen
betrieben, die heute Gegenstand der Governanceforschung sind. Die feministische
Politikwissenschaft kann darum dieser neuen Forschungsperspektive wichtige Antworten
zu ihren Kernfragen anbieten. Im Rückgriff auf zentrale Ergebnisse feministischer
Forschung machen die Autorinnen die Grenzen der Steuerbarkeit in den Bereichen
Recht, Ökonomie und Sozialpolitik deutlich. Konkret wird die Vielfalt der Governanceformen und -modi an der Politik zu Entgeltgleichheit, zu Gleichheit in der Sorgearbeit
und in der Verwaltungspolitik herausgearbeitet. Im Fazit werden die Synergieeffekte
und die gemeinsamen Anliegen der feministischen Politikwissenschaft und
der Governanceforschung aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In Germany equal opportunity policy has been conducted from the beginning by
forms of regulation, which are currently the subject of governance research. Feminist
political science can thus offer important answers to the core questions of this new
research perspective. By drawing on the main results of feminist research, the authors
first clarify the boundaries of governance in the areas law, the economy, and
social policy. Specifically, the diversity of forms and modes of governance will be illustrated
for policies concerning wage equality, equality in childcare, and in administrative
policy. In the conclusion the authors address the synergetic effects and the
common concerns of feminist political science and governance research." (author's abstract)
Understanding employment systems from a gender perspective: pitfalls and potentials of new comparative analytical frameworks
Titelübersetzung:Beschäftigungssysteme aus einer Genderperspektive verstehen: Fallstricke und Möglichkeiten neuer komparativer analytischer Rahmenbedingungen
Autor/in:
Shire, Karen; Gottschall, Karin
Quelle: Universität Bremen, Zentrum für Sozialpolitik; Bremen (ZeS-Arbeitspapier, 5/2007), 2007. 39 S
Inhalt: "Unter dem Einfluss von Globalisierung, Wohlfahrtsstaatstransformation und politischen und gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen sind nationale Arbeitsmärkte in fortgeschrittenen Marktökonomien erheblichen Veränderungen ausgesetzt. In geschlechtssensibler Perspektive wird deutlich, dass hier nicht nur Deregulierung von Beschäftigung sondern auch Re-Regulierung eine Rolle spielt, ebenso wie Arbeitsmarktdynamiken auch durch Veränderungen im Geschlechterverhältnis beeinflusst sind. Diese Komplexität des Wandels stellt eine Herausforderung für die vergleichende Arbeitsmarkt- und Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung dar, in deren Typisierung von Arbeitsmarktregimes Geschlechterverhältnisse nur begrenzt Berücksichtigung finden. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragen die Autorinnen, wie in einschlägigen neueren Ansätzen zur Analyse von Arbeitsmärkten Wandel von Beschäftigungssystemen und Geschlechterverhältnissen konzipiert wird. Im Mittelpunkt stehen drei prominente komparatistisch ausgerichtete Konzepte: der polit-ökonomische Ansatz 'Varieties of Capitalism' (Hall/ Soskice 2001), die mikro-ökonomische Theorie von Beschäftigungssystemen von David Marsden (1999) und Neil Fligstein's wirtschaftssoziologischer Ansatz 'The architecture of markets' (2001). Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, unterscheiden sich die Ansätze in der Identifikation von relevanten Akteuren (Betriebe, Beschäftigte, Staat) ebenso wie in der Rolle, die Ausbildungsinstitutionen für die Strukturierung von Arbeitsmärkten zugeschrieben wird. Damit ergeben sich für die Analyse von geschlechtsspezifischen Aspekten von Beschäftigung unterschiedliche blinde Flecken und Erkenntnispotentiale." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Economic globalization, welfare state transformation as well as political and social change on national and supranational level impact on national labor markets in advanced societies in complex ways. From a gender perspective, these dynamics of change entail deregulation as well as re-regulation of employment systems and at the same time are triggered by shifts in gender relations. Addressing this complexity poses challenges to scholarly research comparing employment systems and systemizing cross-national variations of labor market regimes which tend to neglect gender relations as a relevant factor of change. This context sets the framework for our question on how ongoing changes in employment systems and in gender relations are taken up in recent scholarship. We focus on three approaches prominent in the mainstream scholarly debate which address the current state of employment systems in advanced economies in comparative perspective spanning from political economy to micro economics and economic sociology, namely the Varieties of Capitalism (VOC) approach (Hall/ Soskice 2001), Marsden's micro-economic theory of employment systems (1999) and Fligstein's work 'The architecture of markets' (2001). The approaches differ in the assignment of agency (to firms, employees and the state) as well as in the assessment of the role of educational institutions for shaping employment systems. They thus dispose of different pitfalls and potentials for analyzing the gendered character of change of employment systems." (author's abstract)
Gender differentiation in higher education: educational specialization and labour market risks in Spain and Germany
Titelübersetzung:Genderunterschiede in der höheren Bildung: bildungsbezogene Spezialisierung und Arbeitsmarktrisiken in Spanien und Deutschland
Autor/in:
Reimer, David; Steinmetz, Stephanie
Quelle: Universität Mannheim, Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES); Mannheim (Arbeitspapiere / Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung, 99), 2007. 38 S
Inhalt: The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between gender differentiation in tertiary education and labour market hazards. We analyze how differences between male and female tertiary graduates in the chosen degree level and field of study affect the likelihood to be unemployed or obtain a low status job. In order to learn about the role of institutional context, we compare Germany and Spain, two countries that differ with respect to horizontal (field of study) and vertical (degree level) segregation by gender as well as to the linkage between the education and labour market system. Using Labour Force Survey data from the year 2000, our results of logistic regression models as well as a non-linear decomposition technique generally confirm our expectation that the field of study explains a sizable portion of the gender gap in unemployment and low status jobs in both countries. Whereas the level of tertiary degree does not matter with respect to unemployment in either country, it explains part of the female disadvantage in holding a low status job in Spain. Moreover, our analyses show that women with a degree in a predominantly male field of study are not systematically disadvantaged compared to men. Finally, even though the role of the institutional context is hard to evaluate, it seems that, for the two selected countries, the horizontal and vertical gender segregation is more relevant in Spain than in Germany.' [author's abstract]