The success of female scientists in the 21st century
Titelübersetzung:Der Erfolg von Wissenschaftlerinnen im 21. Jahrhundert
Autor/in:
Ward, Wanda E.
Quelle: Gender equality programmes in higher education: international perspectives. Sabine Grenz (Hrsg.), Beate Kortendiek (Hrsg.), Marianne Kriszio (Hrsg.), Andrea Löther (Hrsg.). Wiesbaden: VS Verl. für Sozialwiss., 2008, S. 27-44
Inhalt: Die Autorin verdeutlicht zu Beginn anhand statistischer Daten die Unterrepräsentation von Frauen in Hochschule und Wissenschaft sowie die Unterauslastung ihrer Fähigkeiten und Begabungen. Sie beschreibt außerdem die Partizipation von Frauen an Führungspositionen in der "National Science Foundation" (NSF) in den USA. Sie berichtet anschließend ausführlicher aus dem ADVANCE-Programm der NSF zur Verbesserung der Situation von Frauen in der Wissenschaft, das einen besonderen Fokus auf den naturwissenschaftlich-ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Bereich legt. Bei der NSF gibt es zwar seit einigen Jahren eine individuelle Förderung von Frauen, jedoch richtet sich das neue ADVANCE-Programm vor allem auf die institutionelle Transformation von Hochschulen als Ganzes. Die Autorin diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund die Rolle von Frauen in der interdisziplinären Forschung sowie die zukünftigen Herausforderungen von Innovation durch die Integration von Frauen. (ICI)
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Nachhaltiger Feminismus? : Naturwissenschafts-Analyse in den USA
Titelübersetzung:Sustainable feminism? : analysis of natural science in the United States of America
Autor/in:
Krüger, Marlis
Quelle: Forum Wissenschaft, Jg. 23 (2006) Nr. 3, S. 48-51
Inhalt: "Seit längerem streiten Feministinnen darüber, ob es eine Frauenbewegung überhaupt noch gibt. Bei anderen in westlichen (post-)modernen Gesellschaften ruft der Begriff Feminismus oft nur ein müdes Lächeln oder fast reflexartige Abwehr hervor. Marlis Krüger rekonstruiert an empirischem Material die Entwicklung feministischer Bewusstseinsformen in einer Elite-Hochburg westlicher Naturwissenschaften, ihre Gefährdetheit bzw. Nachhaltigkeit." (Autorenreferat)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Improving the graduate school experience for women in mathematics : the EDGE program
Autor/in:
Bozeman, Sylvia T.; Hughes, Rhonda J.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 3, S. 243-254
Inhalt: "For over a decade, Spelman College and Bryn Mawr College have collaborated on initiatives designed to increase the presence of women, with a special focus on women of color, in the upper ranks of mathematical science. The most recent initiative is the EDGE Program (Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education), which addresses this challenge by attempting to decrease the loss of talent from U.S. graduate programs. To this end, the program provides structures that help women make successful transitions from undergraduate into graduate mathematics programs, redirect or refocus their ambitions when programs are inappropriate or unsuitable, and, ultimately, enable them to 'accumulate advantages' that will empower them and foster success in their careers. A broader goal of this program is to diversify the mathematics community by creating models for mathematics programs that allow people from all backgrounds and cultures to thrive, advance, and contribute to the profession." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Bildung und Erziehung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Recruiting female faculty members in science and engineering : preliminary evaluation of one intervention model
Autor/in:
Stewart, Abigail J.; LaVaque-Manty, Danielle; Malley, Janet E.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 361-375
Inhalt: "The representation of female faculty members in science and engineering fields lags behind that of their counterparts in the social sciences and humanities and also fails to keep pace with the production of female science and engineering doctorates. Research has shown that equity cannot be achieved by waiting for women to fill the applicant pool; instead, institutions must intervene by changing hiring practices and retention policies. This article describes and evaluates early results of one intervention at the University of Michigan: the creation of a faculty committee designed to improve the recruitment and hiring of female faculty members through peer education. One hiring cycle after the committee's creation, the authors found (a) reports of changed practices in some search committees and departments, (b) an increase in the number and proportion of new hires who were women, and (c) a substantial increase in the knowledge and motivation of the members of the recruitment committee with respect to improving the climate for female faculty members." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Image problems deplete the number of women in academic applicant pools
Autor/in:
Sears, Anna L.W.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 2, S. 169-181
Inhalt: "Despite near numeric parity in graduate schools, women and men in science and mathematics may not perceive the same opportunities for career success. Instead, female doctoral students' career ambitions may often be influenced by perceptions of irreconcilable conflicts between personal and academic goals. This article reports the results of a career goals survey of math and science doctoral students at the University of California, Davis. Fewer women than men began their doctoral programs seeking academic research careers. Of those who initially favored academic research, twice as many women as men downgraded these ambitions during graduate school. Women were more likely to feel geographically constrained by family ties and to express concern about balancing work and family, long work hours, and tenure clock inflexibility. These results partially explain why the percentage of women in academic applicant pools is often well below the number of Ph.D. recipients. The current barriers to gender equity thus cannot be completely ameliorated by increasing the number of women in the pipeline or by altered hiring practices, but changes must be undertaken to make academic research careers more flexible, family friendly, and attractive to women." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 1, S. 89-102
Inhalt: "Many different programs have been designed to increase girls' interest in and exposure to science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET). Two of these programs are discussed and contrasted in the dimensions of length, level of science content, pedagogical approach, degree of self- vs. parent-selected participants, and amount of communitybuilding content. Two different evaluation tools were used. For one program, a modified version of the University of Pittsburgh's undergraduate engineering attitude assessment survey was used. Program participants' responses were compared to those from a fifth grade, mixed-sex science class. The only gender difference found was in the area of parental encouragement. The girls in the special class were more encouraged to participate in SMET areas. For the second program, a new age-appropriate tool developed specifically for these types of programs was used, and the tool itself was evaluated. The results indicate that the new tool has construct validity. On the basis of these preliminary results, a long-term plan for the continued development of the assessment tool is outlined." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women and the crossroads of science : thoughts on policy, research, and evaluation
Autor/in:
Dietz, James S.; Anderson, Bernice; Katzenmeyer, Conrad
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 395-408
Inhalt: "In this essay, the authors examine the crosscutting themes of this special issue as they pertain to policy, research, and evaluation of women and science. Past and current research, theory, frameworks, and programs are discussed in the context of challenges and innovations for methods and policy. The authors assert that the crossroads for gender equity studies lies at the intersection of science and society and argue for the need to build a base of cumulative knowledge for policy and practice." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Hispanic students majoring in science or engineering : what happened in their educational journeys?
Autor/in:
Wightman Brown, Susan
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 2, S. 123-148
Inhalt: "National statistics clearly demonstrate an under representation of minorities and women in the fields of science and engineering. Using Seidman's in-depth interviewing method, 22 Hispanic students, 12 female and 10 male, who were majoring in science or engineering were interviewed. These students were observed in their college science or engineering classes, their high school and college transcripts were analyzed, and they participated in a focus group. What made a difference in the educational journeys of these 22 students so that they could succeed - majors that have historically discouraged female and minority students? Seven themes emerged: family support, an honors program, a challenging and interactive curriculum, college preparation in high school courses, caring and kind teachers, small class sizes, and small communities. Educators must take note of these themes, which made a lasting difference in the students' futures, enabling them to choose science or engineering as their fields of study." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Moving women from school to work in science : curriculum demands, adult identities and life transitions
Autor/in:
Eisenhart, Margaret
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 3, S. 199-213
Inhalt: "This article proposes that the organization of some college curriculum programs as
well as some workplaces presents special and perhaps unnecessary obstacles to women
who might pursue science or engineering. The article begins with a framework for thinking
about connections between school and work in various fields. This section reveals
important differences in the way college degree programs are organized and in their
implications for the transition to work. Some programs, such as in physics, construct
a 'tight' link between school and work; others, such as in sociology, construct much
looser links. The article proceeds by reviewing results of previous ethnographic research
about women's actual experiences in college and work. This section suggests that during
the period of transition from college to work, women face special cultural demands
that interfere with their pursuit of degrees in tight programs. Joining the lessons
from the two preceding sections, the argument is made that the tight organization
of some college and workplace environments asks more of women than they can give and
helps explain why women continue to be under represented in some fields. The argument
has testable implications for the design of curricularprograms and workplace environments
that might attract more women (and perhaps more minorities and men) to science and
engineering." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 107-124
Inhalt: "This article presents findings from a study that investigated the impact of a women
in science and engineering residence program (WISE-RP) on the retention of women in
science and engineering disciplines. From a matched sample of 1,852 science and engineering
students, the authors compared WISE-RP participants with male and female control students
for science and engineering retention. The findings suggest a strong connection between
WISE-KP participation and science retention, but not engineering retention. The results
also indicate that a WISE-RP is more effective in retaining White and Asian students
than underrepresented students of color. The authors highlight the importance of combining
academic and personal support in a residential learning program and draw implications
for retaining women - science, mathematics, and engineering disciplines." (author's
abstract)|