35 Jahre Absolventenstudien in Deutschland : eine Bilanz
Titelübersetzung:35 years of graduate surveys in Germany : taking stock
Autor/in:
Leitner, Martin
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 31 (2009) H. 3, S. 8-20
Inhalt: "Die Absolventenforschung in Deutschland kann auf eine lange Tradition zurückgreifen: Bereits seit den 1970er Jahren werden Hochschulabsolventen befragt. Allerdings hat sich das Erkenntnisinteresse stark gewandelt. Interessierten anfangs vor allem die Quote der Arbeitslosen, haben inzwischen - ausgelöst durch die Entwicklung von Evaluationen an Hochschulen - Aspekte der Studienqualität an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zugleich hat die Absolventenforschung stets Bezug auf aktuelle Themen genommen - so z.B. im Rahmen der Diskussionen über die 'Generation Praktikum' - und dazu wichtige Erkenntnisse geliefert. Mit den gestiegenen Bedürfnissen nach Befunden aus Absolventenstudien wächst zugleich die Zahl der Akteure, die Absolventenbefragungen durchführen. Damit auch in Zukunft die Absolventenstudien auf Hochschul-, Landes- oder Bundesebene ohne eine Überlastung der Befragten durchgeführt werden können, ist eine Abstimmung notwendig. Diese ermöglicht auch, fachspezifische Ergebnisse einzelner Hochschulen mit landes- oder bundesweiten Daten zu vergleichen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In Germany, graduate surveys have been carried out from the 1970ies until today by the HIS GmbH. During this time the focus of interest has shifted: In the beginning, the surveys informed government and the general public about the unemployment rate among graduates. When evaluations of universities became an important topic, aspects of quality in higher education also moved to the foreground in graduate surveys. Through all the years, the HIS surveys have remained in contact with current debates and issues - recently for example the discussion about an alleged 'Generation Praktikum' ('generation internship') - and provided relevant empirical information. As the need and demand for graduate surveys has increased, the number of players in this field has grown as well. Coordination and cooperation will therefore be crucial when organizing graduate surveys in order to keep respondents' burden at an acceptable level and thus prevent declining response rates. Only then will it be possible to compare results for single universities with nationwide or state-wide findings." (author's abstract)
Field of study and gender segregation in European labour markets
Titelübersetzung:Studienfach und geschlechtsspezifische Segregation europäischer Arbeitsmärkte
Autor/in:
Smyth, Emer; Steinmetz, Stephanie
Quelle: International journal of comparative sociology, Vol. 49 (2008) No. 4/5, S. 257-281
Inhalt: "This article explores the role of field of study in channelling tertiary graduates into gender-appropriate occupations and the extent to which this process varies across countries. Previous research has demonstrated that such cross-country differences can be attributed to the nature of the welfare regime. However, less attention has been devoted to the potential impact of educational institutions and labour market systems. Using the European Union Labour Force Survey 2004 for 17 EU Member States, results of the multilevel analysis reveal that cross-national variation in occupational gender segregation must be seen in the context of institutional variation in education and labour market systems. The representation of women in higher education and the labour force, the gender pay gap and the provision of childcare explain a significant proportion of cross-national variation in occupational segregation by gender." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Berliner Journal für Soziologie, Bd. 17 (2007) H. 3, S. 323-342
Inhalt: "In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse zum Wandel im Heirats- und Fertilitätsverhalten und ihr Zusammenspiel mit dem Berufsverlauf für Männer präsentiert. Entgegen der lange verbreiteten 'Vernachlässigung' der Männer in der Familienforschung und -politik verweisen vorliegende Studien auf Weichenstellungen im Leben von Männern, die auf die Entscheidung für eine Heirat und Vaterschaft einwirken und damit auch Teil des allgemeinen Wandels privater Lebensformen und des Zusammenspiels mit dem Beruf sind. Es zeigt sich ein komplexes Wirkungsgefüge in Abhängigkeit von Lebenserfahrungen, Erwerbsverlauf und beruflicher Entwicklung sowie Erfahrungen in der Herkunftsfamilie und der partnerschaftlichen Situation. Aber auch die spiegelbildliche Perspektive, nämlich der Einfluss der privaten Lebensform auf die berufliche Entwicklung bei Männern, zeigt deutliche Tendenzen des Wandels. Nur durch eine Berücksichtigung der Lebensverläufe von Frauen und Männern kann ein angemessenes Bild über den Wandel im Partnerschafts- und Fertilitätsverhalten sowie über das Zusammenspiel von Beruf und Familie gezeichnet werden." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In this paper empirical results on general changes in marriage and fertility, as well as on the relationship of family and work, are presented with a focus on men. In contrast to the long standing neglect of men's roles in family research and family politics, current empirical studies indicate crucial points in men's lives affecting their realization of marriage and fatherhood. Especially the individual employment history, career development, private life pattern and experience in the family of origin play an important role. Men contribute to the general changes in marriage and parenthood with their own history. Additionally, the reverse perspective, namely the impact of private life patterns on the professional careers of men, points to a crucial change in Western Germany: the former positive effect of a marriage on a man's professional career is no longer as significant. Only taking the life histories of both women and men into account gives an appropriate insight into the general change of family, fertility and work." (author's abstract)
Gender differences in graduate students' perspectives on the culture of science
Autor/in:
Ferreira, Maria M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 2, S. 119-135
Inhalt: "In this study, gender differences in graduate students' perspectives on the culture of science were examined in two graduate departments (biology and chemistry) at a large research university. Data from a survey questionnaire from 170 students and interviews with 32 of them indicated that the culture of science as experienced by the participants of this study was characterized by competition, a narrow focus, and a belief in objectivity. These perspectives were particularly common among the female students, who also perceived a role conflict between a successful career in science and having a family. The study shows that although women have greater access to careers in science, the culture of the scientific enterprise continues to be based on the masculine ideals of 17th-century England." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Studium und Studierende
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A history of funding for women's programs at the national science foundation : from individual POWRE approaches to the advance of institutional approaches
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; O'Neil Lane, Eliesh
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 327-346
Inhalt: "The biennial reports on women, minorities, and persons with disabilities produced by the National Science Foundation (NSF) because of congressional mandate laid the statistical foundation for NSF initiatives to redress the underrepresentation of these groups. Programs established in the 1980s such as Research Opportunities for Women, Visiting Professorships for Women, Graduate Fellowships for Women, and Career Advancement Awards provided support to individual women for their research. In the 1990s, the NSF also began to focus on systemic initiatives, creating the Program for Women and Girls, although it continued to address the problem through support of individual researchers in the newly created Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education (POWRE) initiative. The responses from more than 400 awardees during the 4 years of POWRE provide insights into the current issues these women perceive surrounding their grants, funding, and interactions with NSF bureaucracy and staff members. The results of the POWRE survey support the institutional, systemic thrust of the NSF's new ADVANCE initiative to attempt to solve problems such as balancing career and family that cannot be addressed solely by supporting research projects of individual female scientists and engineers." (author's abstract)