"Leiden mit Geduld" - Schmerz und Geschlecht im 19. Jahrhundert: Praxistheoretische Rekonstruktionen
Titelübersetzung:"Patiently suffering" - praxeological reconstructions of pain and gender in the 19th century
Autor/in:
Nolte, Karen
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 1, S 29-46
Inhalt: Die Forschung zur Geschichte des Schmerzes ist wesentlich geprägt durch die Arbeiten von Elaine Scarry und David Morris, die in den späten 1980er- und frühen 1990er-Jahren im Kontext des Linguistic Turn in den Kulturwissenschaften entstanden sind. Scarry formulierte mit Blick auf die Medizin in den späten 1970er- und frühen 1980er-Jahren die These der "Inexpressibility" des Schmerzes. Schmerz sei der Ausdruck einer "radikalen Subjektivität", die es unmöglich mache, physischen Schmerz zu definieren oder zu beschreiben. Die Grundannahme des Beitrags ist, dass praxeologische Zugänge einen anderen Zugang zur Geschichte des Schmerzes ermöglichen. Nicht der bisher dominierenden Frage nach der Authentizität von Schmerz in den Quellen soll nachgegangen werden, sondern es geht darum, Praktiken im Umgang mit Schmerz zu analysieren. Untersucht werden soll, in welcher Weise Konzeptionen von Geschlecht den Praktiken zum Umgang mit Schmerz im 19. Jahrhundert implizit sind. Das Aufschreiben von Schmerz wird im Folgenden ebenfalls als Praktik begriffen.
Inhalt: Research on the history of pain was significantly influenced by the work of Elaine Scarry and David Morris in the late 1980s and early 1990s in the context of the "linguistic turn" in cultural studies. Scarry developed the concept of the "inexpressibility" of pain in the late 1970s and early 1980s in regard to the field of medicine. According to Scarry, pain is an expression of "radical subjectivity", making it impossible to define or describe physical pain. The article argues that praxeological approaches open up new ways into the history of pain. The previously dominant question of how authentic descriptions of pain can be at reflecting the experiences of people concerned will be ignored here, i.e. whether pain can be adequately expressed in words. Rather, the article seeks to analyse practices when it comes to dealing with pain. The investigation focuses on the ways in which concepts of gender informed how pain was dealt with in the 19th century. Writing down and preserving descriptions of pain are also regarded as a practice.
Predictors of work ability in occupations with psychological stress
Titelübersetzung:Vorhersage der Arbeitsfähigkeit in Berufen mit psychologischem Stress
Autor/in:
Seibt, Reingard; Spitzer, Silvia; Blank, Matthes; Scheuch, Klaus
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 17 (2008) 1, S 9-18
Inhalt: Aim: This study aimed to detect health- and work-related predictors of poor and good work ability in teachers (TE) and office workers (OW). Method: Work ability and its influence factors were analyzed in 100 female TE and 60 female OW aged between 25 and 60 years. The work ability was evaluated with the work ability index questionnaire and the health status with the vitality measurement system®. In addition, cardiac risk factors, burnout risk, as well as the working demands and effort-reward ratio were taken into account. Predictors of work ability were analyzed by using a CHAID analysis. The number of complaints represents the best predictor to divide both occupational groups into subgroups with different work abilities (criterion variable). Results: Poor work ability is caused by many complaints and cardiovascular risk factors. By contrast, excellent work ability is associated with few complaints, the occupation “office workers,” a younger vital functional age, and the absence of burnout symptoms, which means in comparison with OW, TE have a 1.6 times higher risk for impaired work ability. Furthermore, the absence of burnout symptoms is a resource of TE, whereas OWs tend to have a younger vital functional age compared to their calendrical age. Although this analysis is able to explain 61.2% of the influence on impaired work ability, research for further causes must be undertaken. Conclusion: The results reflect the positive effect of a high educational level and a challenging job on the preservation of good work ability. Moreover, they draw the attention to the psychological and psychosocial strains of TE. TEs are exposed more frequently to feeling overstrained; this probably effects a higher retirement rate due to illness.
Changes in secondary pharmacological prevention of acute coronary syndromes and stroke after hospital discharge: a 6-month follow-up study of German primary care patients
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 17 (2008) 1, S 3-7
Inhalt: Aim: This study examined modifications in secondary preventive medication between the time of hospital discharge (HD) and during a 6-month follow-up treatment of outpatients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stroke. Subjects and methods: During a 6-month period, a health diary was completed on a weekly basis by 98 patients who were initially hospitalised with ACS and 29 patients with strokes in the Cologne area (Germany). Changes in medication between the time of HD and follow-up treatment (weeks 2, 12, and 24) were recorded. Results: On average, patients with ACS took six medications, whereas patients with stroke took five medications per day. ACS patients received beta-blockers (96%), lipid-lowering agents (80%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (64%) at HD, and no changes in medication were made during follow-up treatment. However, there was a significant decrease in prescriptions of clopidogrel among ACS patients within 6 months, and about 13% of ACS patients did not receive an antiplatelet agent at any time. Stroke patients received beta-blockers (50%), lipid-lowering agents (67%), and antiplatelet agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid (57%) or clopidogrel (27%), at the time of HD, and no significant changes in medication were instituted during follow-up treatment. Conclusion: Treatment of ACS patients with the combination of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel was insufficient, although it has been shown that this combination is highly effective in secondary prevention of ACS. Besides medical reasons, the cost-containment restrictions (“medication budget”) for German physicians might explain the observed failure of guideline-oriented medication. Furthermore, no changes in medications occurred regarding blood-pressure- and lipid-lowering agents.
Arzneimittelversorgung von Frauen und Männern im höheren Lebensalter
Autor/in:
Glaeske, Gerd
Quelle: ZeS Report, 11 (2006) 1, S 11-13
Inhalt: "Die Arzneimittelversorgung von Frauen und Männern im höheren Lebensalter ist Gegenstand des Beitrags von Gerd Glaeske, in dem die Einflüsse von Alter und Geschlecht auf die Arzneimittelversorgung untersucht werden." [Autorenreferat]
Schlagwörter:medizinische Versorgung; gender; health care delivery system; medical care; Gesundheitswesen; health care; Alter; Gesundheitsversorgung; Gesundheitspolitik; Mann; woman; Einfluss; old age; influence; man; age; health policy; Lebensalter
Körper und Behinderung im Diskurs: empirisch fundierte Anmerkungen zu einem kulturwissenschaftlichen Verständnis der Disability Studies
Titelübersetzung:Bodies and handicap in discourse: empirically based comments on a cultural science comprehension of disability studies
Autor/in:
Bruner, Claudia Franziska
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 29 (2005) 1, S 33-53
Inhalt: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit sozialen und kulturellen Produktionsbedingungen, denen Körper unterliegen, mit Herstellungsprozessen des Körpers, in denen sich gesellschaftliche Macht- und Dominanzverhältnisse manifestieren. Empirische Basis der zugrunde liegenden Untersuchung sind narrativ-biografische Interviews mit Frauen, die als 'körperbehindert' gelten. Über die Erzählungen der Interviewten sollen Ambivalenzen in Identifikationsprozessen sichtbar werden und die Neu-Territorialisierungen und Verschiebungen der Schnittfelder von class, gender, race und body offen gelegt werden. In einer diskursanalytischen Interpretation ausgewählter narrativer Interviewpassagen werden Lesarten des Körpers sowie ein strategischer Einsatz des behinderten Körpers dargestellt, wobei sich die vorliegenden Interpretationen als unabgeschlossene Diskursbeiträge verstehen. Hintergrund dieser Überlegungen bildet eine kritische Betrachtung der Implikationen eines sozialen Modells von Behinderung, wie es sich im Diskurszusammenhang der Disability Studies teilweise wiederfindet.