Barriers to women's representation in academic excellence and positions of power
Autor/in:
Yousaf, Rizwana; Schmiede, Rudi
Quelle: Asian Journal of German and European Studies, 2 (2017) , S 1-13
Inhalt: "Nearly for half a century women's advancement in the workplace has been in a debate. Women’s under-represented in higher education institutions and universities across the globe, and especially in the most powerful or influential posts, is well established. Despite gender equality commitments and women's educational attainment, still, they are underrepresented. Regions and countries may vary in term of culture, achievements and development, but barriers for women's representation in academia are surprisingly similar in many regions. It is found that there are several barriers which women might be experiencing in academia ranging from personal, organizational to societal." (author's abstract)
Engendering the university through policy and practice: Barriers to promotion to full professor for women in the science, engineering, and math disciplines
Titelübersetzung:Geschlechtergerechtigkeit an Universitäten durch Politik und Praxis: Hindernisse bei der Beförderung zur ordentlichen Professur für Frauen in Naturwissenschaften, Ingenieurswesen und Mathematik
Autor/in:
Britton, Dana M.
Quelle: GenderChange in Academia: re-mapping the fields of work, knowledge, and politics from a gender perspective. Birgit Riegraf (Hrsg.), Brigitte Aulenbacher (Hrsg.), Edit Kirsch-Auwärter (Hrsg.), Ursula Müller (Hrsg.). Wiesbaden: VS Verl. für Sozialwiss., 2010, S. 15-26
Inhalt: Anhand von empirischen Daten und Befragungen aus einem von der National Science Foundation geförderten Forschungsprojekt, im Rahmen dessen 80 Interviews mit Hochschullehrern aus Naturwissenschaften, Ingenieurswesen und Mathematik an sieben US-Universitäten durchgeführt wurden, wird untersucht, welche Hindernisse Frauen beim Übergang von der Assistenzprofessur zur ordentlichen Professur erfahren und welche Rolle die strukturellen politischen Interaktionen und Netzwerke innerhalb der Fakultäten dabei spielen. Während die Analysen amtlicher Dokumente belegen, dass die Kriterien für eine Berufung zur ordentlichen Professur eher vage formuliert sind, scheint jedoch die Schwierigkeit, Arbeit und Familie zu vereinbaren, maßgeblich zu einer Diskriminierung von Frauen an US-Universitäten beizutragen. Dies führt andererseits zu der Frage, welche bürokratischen Regeln und Praktiken in der Organisation eine solche Benachteiligung von Frauen begünstigen und ob eine Transparenz der Regeln oder weniger geschlechtsspezifische Organisationsstrukturen für Frauen von Vorteil wären. (ICH)
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Berufungsverfahren
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Women in academia and equality law : aiming high - falling short? ; Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom
Titelübersetzung:Frauen in der Wissenschaft und Gleichheitsrechte : hoch gezielt - tief gefallen? ; Dänemark, Frankreich, Deutschland, Ungarn, Italien, Niederlande, Schweden, Großbritannien
Herausgeber/in:
Blanpain, Roger
Quelle: Den Haag: Kluwer Law Internat., 2006. XIV, 320 S.
Inhalt: "Although European policy initiatives to advance the position of women in Academia (and especially in science) have proliferated, both at national and EU levels, serious inequities of many kinds remain. This situation is exposed and investigated in this outstanding book, which presents reports and discussions from a two-day conference held at the Law Faculty of Lund University in December 2004. The participants - law professors and social scientists - present detailed reports on domestic experiences and regulations in eight European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Among the many provocative issues raised and explored are the following: - 'positive action' in theory and practice; - the progress of the EU Commission's strategy to integrate equal opportunity into all Community policies and activities; - the motives for promoting women in Academia; - the importance not only of setting targets but of funding to achieve them; - the extensive group of part-timers and fixed-term employees at the margin of the traditional academic career; - the importance of creating a situation in Academia were 'woman excellence' shows; and - the development of 'marketable' research disciplines embodied in private research institutes." (author's abstract). Contents: Foreword (XIII-XIV); Ann Numhauser-Henning: Introduction: Aiming high - falling short? (1-22); Lynn Roseberry: Denmark. Structural and unconscious gender discrimination in Danish universities (23-44); Anne-Marie Daune-Richard: France. Gender equality in French Academia (45-55); Dagmar Schiek, Almut Kirschbaum: Germany. New governance for higher education institutions, prospects for female university careers and equality law (57-81); Csilla Kollonay Lehoczky: Hungary. Easy to accede, hard to succeed - the ambivalent case of academic career for women in the post-socialist Hungary (83-111); Elena Urso: Italy. "Playing with fire": Equality, fairness and the paradox of a gender blind society (113-145); Susanne Burri: The Netherlands. Women in Academia in the Netherlands - bridging the gap? (147-169); Ann Numhauser-Henning: Sweden. Recruitment targets for women professors - mission impossible? (171-197); Christopher McCrudden: United Kingdom. Progress, problems and opportunities (199-216); Appendix: Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated text) (218-219); Council Directive 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions (220); Directive 2002/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2002 amending Council Directive 76/207/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions (221-222); Judgment of the Court of 17 October 1995. Eckhard Kalanke v. Freie Hansestadt Bremen (223-229); Judgment of the Court of 11 November 1997. Hellmut Marschall v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (230-237); Judgment of the Court of 28 March 2000. Georg Badeck and Others, interveners: Hessische Ministerpräsident and Landesanwalt beim Staatsgerichtshof des Landes Hessen (238-256); Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 6 July 2000. Katarina Abrahamsson and Leif Anderson v. Elisabet Fogelqvist (257-274); Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 7 December 2000. Julia Schnorbus v. Land Hessen (275-287); Judgment of the Court of 19 March 2002. H. Lommers v. Minister van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij (288-299); Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 30 September 2004. Serge Briheche v. Ministre de l'Intérieur, Ministre de l'Éducation nationale and Ministre de la Justice (300-306); Judgment of the EFTA Court of 24 January 2003, in Case E-1/02 (307-320).
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Science Scope, Vol. 24 (2001) No. 8, S. 49-51
Inhalt: "This article points out the challenges female scientists have in obtaining recognition and discusses why the percentage of women in science is low; explains how teachers can help." (author's abstract)