Lohnungleichheiten zwischen Akademikerinnen und Akademikern : der Einfluss von fachlicher Spezialisierung, frauendominierten Fächern und beruflicher Segregation
Titelübersetzung:Wage inequality between male and female university graduates : the influence of occupational specialization, female-dominated subjects and occupationa segregation
Autor/in:
Leuze, Kathrin; Strauß, Susanne
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 38 (2009) H. 4, S. 262-281
Inhalt: "Auf der Suche nach einer Erklärung für die bestehenden Lohnungleichheiten zwischen Männern und Frauen mit Hochschulabschluss untersucht der Artikel drei verschiedene Erklärungsansätze: Erstens die humankapitaltheoretische Erklärung, dass Frauen durch die Wahl von weniger berufsspezifischen Studienfächern finanzielle Nachteile auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erfahren; zweitens die These der Abwertung von frauendominierten Studienfächern, wie sie von feministisch-kulturellen Theorien beschrieben wird, und drittens die Bedeutung von Berufssegregation für Lohnungleichheiten, die durch die kulturelle Abwertung von Frauenberufen, aber auch durch institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen wie das deutsche System der tariflichen Lohnverhandlungen geprägt ist. Auf der Grundlage des HIS-Absolventenpanels 1997 werden die logarithmierten Brutto-Monatslöhne von vollzeiterwerbstätigen Männern und Frauen fünf Jahre nach Abschluss ihres Studiums modelliert. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen vor allem die These einer Diskriminierung von frauendominierten Studienfächern und Berufen, durch die jeweils 19 bzw. 13 Prozent der Lohnungleichheiten zwischen Akademikerinnen und Akademikern erklärt werden. Die Wahl von berufsunspezifischen Studienfächern scheint hingegen keinen Einfluss auf die Lohnentwicklung zu haben." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article looks into explorations for the wage inequalities between male and female higher education graduates by examining three different explanations: first, the human capital explanation which claims that women's financial disadvantages on the labor market are due to their choice of less occupation-specific fields of study; second, the hypothesis of the devaluation of female-dominated subjects, as claimed in feminist cultural theories; and finally, the importance of occupational sex segregation for the gender wage gap as a function of the cultural devaluation of female-dominated occupations as well as national labor market institutions, such as the German system of collective bargaining. On basis of the HIS Absolventenpanel 1997 we estimate the gross monthly income of full-time employed men and women five years after graduation. Above all, the results support the assumption of a discrimination of female-dominated fields of studies and occupations, which explain 19 and 13 percent respectively of the gender wage gap among higher education graduates. The choice of a field of study with low occupational specificity, however, does not seem to have any influence on the income of either men or women." (author's abstract)
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Science Scope, Vol. 24 (2001) No. 8, S. 49-51
Inhalt: "This article points out the challenges female scientists have in obtaining recognition and discusses why the percentage of women in science is low; explains how teachers can help." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women in science in India : has feminism passed them by?
Autor/in:
Subrahmanyan, Lalita
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 2 (1995) No. 4, S. 225-242
Inhalt: "The article discusses problems women academic scientists in India face because of gender; women scientists are aware of how their position in the academy is different from that of men but have not made efforts to address their problems collectively; states that these women have a feminist perspective of a kind but have been disassociated from the women's movement in India." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Indien; Feminismus; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Gleichberechtigung; Akademikerin; Südasien; Entwicklungsland; Asien
Quelle: Social forces : an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society, Vol. 68 (1990) No. 4, S. 1297-1315
Inhalt: "The sociology of science has clearly established the presence of sex differences in scientific productivity and position. This article examines the processes leading to the lower productivity of female scientists at the completion of their doctoral training. Collaboration with the mentor is found to be the most important factor affecting productivity. For females, opportunities for collaboration are significantly decreased by having young children. As a consequence, the presence of young children has an adverse, indirect effect on the productivity of female scientists during graduate study. This effect does not exist for males. In addition to differences in the process of collaboration, many small differences that disadvantage women and advantage men are found in the levels of resources affecting productivity and in the mechanisms by which resources are translated into productivity. The concentration of small disadvantages provides a further explanation of sex differences in productivity at the start of the career. Since early advantages and disadvantages have been found to accumulate, this article provides an essential first step in understanding sex differences in scientific productivity and position that emerge during the career." (author's abstract)