Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.
Mediating the female terrorist: Patricia Hearst and the containment of the feminist terrorist threat in the United States in the 1970s
Titelübersetzung:Die Medialisierung des weiblichen Terroristen: Patricia Hearst und die Eindämmung der feministischen terroristischen Bedrohung in den USA in den 1970er Jahren
Autor/in:
Third, Amanda
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 150-175
Inhalt: In January 1976, the trial of Patricia Campbell Hearst caused a Western media sensation. Representing the culmination of her spectacular kidnapping and conversion to the terrorist cause of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), Hearst was on trial for her participation in the Hibernia National Bank robbery almost two years earlier. As of the commencement of the trial, the story of the heiress-come-female-terrorist had been captivating Western media audiences for two years. This article analyses the ways that mainstream media coverage of this event operated to contain both the threat of this particular female terrorist, and the threat of second-wave feminism more broadly. Within Western culture, there has historically been a concern with the need to regulate the mainstream media’s coverage of terrorist events. In this line of thinking, the mainstream media are a precondition for, and a potential site of the contagion of, terrorism. However, as I demonstrate, ultimately, mainstream media coverage of terrorist events in which women are key protagonists operates to recuperate the threat of terrorism. In doing so, it reproduces and reasserts dominant patriarchal gender relations and thus works in the interests of dominant culture, rather than against them.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; gender; Mediatisierung; Berichterstattung; Gender; Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; USA; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; political violence; terrorism; feminism; mediatization; reporting; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; United States of America; mass media; Patty Hearst; second-wave feminism
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung
Zwischen Schöpfung und Erlösung: drei christlichtheologische Variationen über Geschlecht
Titelübersetzung:Between creation and salvation: three Christian-theological variations on sexuality
Autor/in:
Heß, Ruth
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 2 (2010) 1, S 118-132
Inhalt: "Anhand dreier exemplarisch ausgewählter Modelle theologischer Anthropologie fragt der Beitrag nach der Produktion normativer Umrisse von Geschlecht in der christlichen Tradition. Der Ansatz Papst Benedikts XVI., der der feministischen Theologin Catharina Halkes und der des Kirchenvaters Gregor von Nyssa werden darauf hin analysiert, wie sie menschliche Geschlechtlichkeit in ihrer Qualität und Stabilität, insbesondere im Blick auf die verschiedenen Aspekte der 'Heilsgeschichte' ('Schöpfung', 'Sünde', 'Versöhnung', 'Erlösung'), konzeptualisieren. Abschließend plädiert der Beitrag für eine systematische Berücksichtigung theologischer Vorstellungswelten in der Geschlechterforschung, um den häufig angenommenen Konnex von Geschlecht und (christlicher) Religion theoretisch präziser zu erfassen, sowie für eine strategische Pluralisierung innertheologischer Diskurse." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Based on three exemplarily selected models of theological anthropology, the article investigates the normative production of sex/gender in Christian traditions. The approaches of Pope Benedict XVI., feminist theologian Catharina Halkes, and Church Father Gregory of Nyssa are analyzed in how they conceptualize human sexuality in its quality and stability, particularly with regard to the different aspects of 'salvific history' ('creation', 'sin', 'reconciliation', 'salvation'). Finally, the article argues for a systematic consideration of theological imaginations by gender research, in order to understand more accurately the frequently assumed connection between sex/ gender and (Christian) religion, as well as for a strategic proliferation of inner theological discourses." (author's abstract)
"Maidens in need of rescue" - US Kriegserklärungen von Laura Bush zu Jean Bethke Elshtain
Titelübersetzung:"Maidens in need of rescue" - American declarations of war from Laura Bush to Jean Bethke Elshtain
Autor/in:
Langenberger, Birgit
Quelle: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, 37 (2008) 2, S 215-228
Inhalt: 'Thema sind die diskursiven Konstruktionen von Gender im von den USA angeführten Krieg gegen Afghanistan im Kontext von Laura Bushs präsidentischer Radioansprache (Nov 2001), in der von namhaften US-Intellektuellen publizierten Erklärung der Kriegsgründe in 'What we are fighting for' (Feb 2002) und das Plädoyer für die Bombardierung im Namen der Rechte unterdrückter Frauen Afghanistans aufseiten eines Segments des US-Feminismus (Jean Bethke Elshtain, Catharine A. MacKinnon; Feminist Majority Foundation). Der feministische Schulterschluss mit einem patriachalischen Imperialismus der US-Regierung reicht dabei über einen bloß strategischen Essentialismus hinaus. Deren gemeinsamer symbolischer Rahmen wird durch die moralischen Naturrechte der Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitserklärung gebildet. Mittels dieser werden qua retrospektiver Rationalisierung die binären Oppositionen von männlich/ weiblich, Kämpfer/ Zivilbevölkerung, il/ legitimer Krieg und Zivilisierte/ Wilde erneut bestätigt. Damit ist die Ungleichheit der Geschlechter im und durch Krieg nicht nur einer ungenügenden Umsetzung von Rechten zuzuschreiben, sondern liegt auch in deren Diskursivierung und Kategorisierung begründet.' (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: 'This article traces the discursive constructions of gender in the US war against Afghanistan. Its focus is on Laura Bush's presidential address (Nov 2001), the document 'What we are fighting for' (Feb 2002) signed by major US intellectuals in support of the war, and some US feminists joining them in the name of liberation of the women of Afghanistan (Jean Bethke Elshtain; Catherine A. MacKinnon; Feminist Majority Foundation). Yet this uncanny coalition between feminism and US patriarchal imperialism goes beyond mere strategic essentialism in which the differences between women are temporarily erased. Insofar as moral natural laws of the American Declaration of Independence (1776) constitute their shared symbolic framework, binary oppositions such as male/ female, soldiers/ non-combatants, it/ regular warfare, civilized/ savage are reified. Thus gender inequality by and in times of war results from its specific discursivization and categorization and cannot be attributed exclusively to an incomplete implementation of rights.' (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Asia; North America; feminist; value-orientation; Konstruktion; Nordamerika; Südasien; feminism; inequality; United States of America; gender; Kriegserklärung; speech; USA; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Entwicklungsland; South Asia; morality; Ungleichheit; gender relations; declaration of independence; Unabhängigkeitserklärung; Intellektueller; Wertorientierung; intellectual; Diskurs; discourse; legitimation; radio; Frauenrechtlerin; declaration of war; Afghanistan; Naturrecht; war; Asien; Legitimation; natural law; Rede; Hörfunk; Moral; violence; Krieg; Gewalt; Feminismus; construction; developing country; Afghanistan
SSOAR Kategorie:Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung