Quelle: Cheltenham: Elgar (The international library of critical writings in economics, 90), 1998. 563 S.
Inhalt: Die beiden Bände beinhalten eine Auswahl der wichtigsten in angloamerikanischen Zeitschriften zwischen 1968 und 1997 erschienenen ökonomischen und soziologischen Beiträge zum Thema "Frauen und Arbeitsmarkt". Die Aufsätze sind gegliedert in folgende Kapitel: Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen; Berufsstruktur und geschlechtsspezifischer Arbeitsmarkt; Geschlechtsspezifische Einkommensunterschiede; Politische Strategien zur Verbesserung der Stellung von Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt; Auswirkungen der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen auf die Familie und auf die geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung. (IAB)
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
The myth of meritocracy and delusions of equity : cultural impediments to diversity in natural science programs
Autor/in:
Jones, Leslie S.
Quelle: San Diego, 1998. 12 S.
Inhalt: "In an effort to determine why there is continued scarcity of all women and of men
of color in the sciences, this study turns the lens of the social sciences onto social
aspects of the sciences. Interviews with academic science faculty examined gender
and racial/ethnic issues in the professional domain of a variety of scientists for
clues as to how the culture of science might influence demographic participation in
science programs. As a study of culture with an explicitly sociopolitical agenda,
this study adheres most closely to the traditions of Critical Ethnography. Interviews
were conducted with 34 practicing scientists sampled demographically across science
and applied science fields with respect to sex and racial/ ethnic background. The
interviewees were half female, half male, half Caucasian, and half people of color
(from several ethnic groups). Results indicate that the scientific method and its
associated worldview are the most readily identifiable source of the problem of minority
representation in the sciences. Scientists believe they can remove subjectivity from
their treatment of people, because they are convinced they can do this in their empirical
work. Responses, however, in interviews indicate that people in the sciences are not
treated equally or equitably." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The origins of sex differences in science
Autor/in:
Long, J. Scott
Quelle: Social forces : an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society, Vol. 68 (1990) No. 4, S. 1297-1315
Inhalt: "The sociology of science has clearly established the presence of sex differences in scientific productivity and position. This article examines the processes leading to the lower productivity of female scientists at the completion of their doctoral training. Collaboration with the mentor is found to be the most important factor affecting productivity. For females, opportunities for collaboration are significantly decreased by having young children. As a consequence, the presence of young children has an adverse, indirect effect on the productivity of female scientists during graduate study. This effect does not exist for males. In addition to differences in the process of collaboration, many small differences that disadvantage women and advantage men are found in the levels of resources affecting productivity and in the mechanisms by which resources are translated into productivity. The concentration of small disadvantages provides a further explanation of sex differences in productivity at the start of the career. Since early advantages and disadvantages have been found to accumulate, this article provides an essential first step in understanding sex differences in scientific productivity and position that emerge during the career." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Are women and blacks closing the gap? : salary discrimination in American science during the 1970s and 1980s
Autor/in:
Haberfeld, Yitchak; Shenhav, Yehouda
Quelle: Industrial and labor relations review, Vol. 44 (1990) No. 1, S. 68-82
Inhalt: "The authors use two longitudinal surveys of American scientists conducted by the
Census Bureau, one for the years 1972-76 and one for the years 1982-86, to estimate
salary discrimination against black scientists and female scientists. In counterpoint
to the results of some other studies, which have suggested that race- and gender-based
salary discrimination has been either declining or stable in many occupations, this
analysis provides evidence that salary discrimination against black scientists and
female scientists worsened between the 1970s and the 1980s. Female scientists earned
about 12% less than similarly qualified male scientists in 1972, but 14% less in 1982;
and black scientists earned about the same amount as white scientists in 1972, but
6% less in 1982." (author's abstract)|