Equal rites, unequal outcomes : women in American research universities
Herausgeber/in:
Hornig, Lilli S.
Quelle: New York: Kluwer Academic Publ. (Innovations in science education and technology, Vol. 15), 2003. X, 383 p.
Details
Schlagwörter:USA; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Quantität; Wissenschaftler; Akademikerin; Hochschulwesen; Nordamerika
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
The paradox of critical mass for women in science
Autor/in:
Etzkowitz, H.
Quelle: Science, Vol. 266 (1994) No. 5182, S. 51-54
Details
Schlagwörter:Diskriminierung; Beruf; USA; Hochschulwesen; Berufsverlauf; Nordamerika; Frauenanteil
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The origins of sex differences in science
Autor/in:
Long, J. Scott
Quelle: Social forces : an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society, Vol. 68 (1990) No. 4, S. 1297-1315
Details
Inhalt: "The sociology of science has clearly established the presence of sex differences in scientific productivity and position. This article examines the processes leading to the lower productivity of female scientists at the completion of their doctoral training. Collaboration with the mentor is found to be the most important factor affecting productivity. For females, opportunities for collaboration are significantly decreased by having young children. As a consequence, the presence of young children has an adverse, indirect effect on the productivity of female scientists during graduate study. This effect does not exist for males. In addition to differences in the process of collaboration, many small differences that disadvantage women and advantage men are found in the levels of resources affecting productivity and in the mechanisms by which resources are translated into productivity. The concentration of small disadvantages provides a further explanation of sex differences in productivity at the start of the career. Since early advantages and disadvantages have been found to accumulate, this article provides an essential first step in understanding sex differences in scientific productivity and position that emerge during the career." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:USA; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Quantität; Wissenschaftlerin; Akademikerin; Hochschulwesen; Nordamerika
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Are women and blacks closing the gap? : salary discrimination in American science during the 1970s and 1980s
Autor/in:
Haberfeld, Yitchak; Shenhav, Yehouda
Quelle: Industrial and labor relations review, Vol. 44 (1990) No. 1, S. 68-82
Details
Inhalt: "The authors use two longitudinal surveys of American scientists conducted by the
Census Bureau, one for the years 1972-76 and one for the years 1982-86, to estimate
salary discrimination against black scientists and female scientists. In counterpoint
to the results of some other studies, which have suggested that race- and gender-based
salary discrimination has been either declining or stable in many occupations, this
analysis provides evidence that salary discrimination against black scientists and
female scientists worsened between the 1970s and the 1980s. Female scientists earned
about 12% less than similarly qualified male scientists in 1972, but 14% less in 1982;
and black scientists earned about the same amount as white scientists in 1972, but
6% less in 1982." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Geschichtswissenschaft; USA; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Hochschulwesen; Nordamerika
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
How gender matters: or, why it's so hard for us to count past two
Autor/in:
Fox Keller, Evelyn
Quelle: Perspectives on gender and science. Falmer Press, 1986, S. 168-183
Details
Schlagwörter:USA; Wissenschaftler; Akademikerin; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Quantität; Hochschulwesen; Nordamerika
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag