Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 99-130
Inhalt: The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women's entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men’s entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women's "second shift," depressing fertility. A central focus of this paper is to establish second shift trends during the second half of the 20th century and their effects on fertility. Our analyses are based on data on cohort fertility, male and female labor force participation, and male and female domestic hours worked from 11 countries in Northern Europe, Western/central Europe, Southern Europe, and North America between 1960/70 and 2000/2014. We find that the gender revolution had not generated a turnaround, i.e. an increase in cohort fertility, by the end of the 20th century. Nevertheless, wherever the gender revolution has made progress in reducing women’s second shift, cohort fertility declined the least; where the second shift is large and/or has not been reduced, cohort fertility has declined the most.
Schlagwörter:20. Jahrhundert; Italy; Netherlands; birth trend; fertility; Gleichstellung; Arbeitsteilung; Sweden; Familienpolitik; gender role; Familie-Beruf; Italien; Federal Republic of Germany; work-family balance; Kanada; Geschlechtsrolle; Norway; Geburtenentwicklung; labor force participation; Norwegen; Finnland; family policy; United States of America; Fruchtbarkeit; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Schweden; France; division of labor; Spanien; USA; Großbritannien; Finland; woman; Frankreich; Great Britain; Spain; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Canada; twentieth century; Niederlande; two-part gender revolution; transformation of male breadwinner family model; women in public sphere; men in private sphere; women's second shift
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung
The Same Fertility Ideals as in the Country of Origin? A Study of the Personal Ideal Family Size among Immigrant Women in Italy
Autor/in:
Mussino, Eleonora; Ortensi, Livia Elisa
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 243-274
Inhalt: The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants' ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants' ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants’ ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. "Up to God") changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses.
Schlagwörter:Migrant; migrant; woman; Italien; Italy; Fruchtbarkeit; fertility; Kinderzahl; number of children; generatives Verhalten; reproductive behavior; Familiengröße; family size; Norm; standard; Tradition; tradition; Herkunftsland; country of origin; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Ideal number of children; Fertility; Migrants; Italy; Gender Norms
SSOAR Kategorie:Bevölkerung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The Same Fertility Ideals as in the Country of Origin? A Study of the Personal Ideal Family Size among Immigrant Women in Italy
Autor/in:
Mussino, Eleonora; Ortensi, Livia Elisa
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 243-274
Inhalt: The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants' ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants' ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants’ ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. "Up to God") changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses.
Schlagwörter:Italy; fertility; reproductive behavior; number of children; gender role; Migrant; Italien; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Geschlechtsrolle; Gleichberechtigung; country of origin; family size; Kinderzahl; Fruchtbarkeit; Tradition; Familiengröße; generatives Verhalten; Norm; migrant; Herkunftsland; standard; equality of rights; socioeconomic factors; woman; tradition; Ideal number of children; Fertility; Migrants; Italy; Gender Norms
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 275-306
Inhalt: In this article we investigate fertility intentions of Russian women in Estonia from an origin-destination perspective. Russian migrants to Estonia and their descendants are compared with women in the sending and host countries in order to identify similarities and differences in intended transitions to first, second and third births. The study is based on the Estonian and Russian Generations and Gender Surveys, which were conducted in 2004/2005, and employs logistic regression models. The dependent variables are intentions to become a mother, to have a second child, or to have a third child. The hypotheses for the study are mainly derived from the adaptation, cultural maintenance, and selection (characteristics) perspectives. We also incorporate attitudes towards gender roles into the models, which have proven to be a salient factor in shaping childbearing intentions, but have seldom been considered in studies of migrant fertility. Our results lend support to both the adaptation and cultural maintenance perspectives. In accord with the latter, the similarity between the childbearing intentions of Russian migrants and their descendants in Estonia and those of their counterparts in Russia suggests that socialisation to the ethnic subculture has prevailed over the influence of the host society. We attribute this outcome to contextual features that have retarded integration processes. By contrast, we observe that proficiency in the host country language, residence in areas where the host population constitutes a large majority and having a native partner significantly contribute to the adaptation of migrants' intentions to have another child to those of the host population. These results provide support to the adaptation argument. Finally, our study reveals a positive association between egalitarian views on gender roles and women's intentions to have another child. However, variation in gender role attitudes accounts for a relatively minor part of the difference in intended fertility between the groups addressed in this study.
Affection and conflict in Intergenerational relationships of women in sixteen areas in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America
Titelübersetzung:Zuneigung und Konflikt in intergenerationalen Verhältnissen von Frauen in 16 Jahren in Asien, Afrika, Europa und Ame
Autor/in:
Nauck, Bernhard
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 39 (2014) 4, S 647-678
Inhalt: "Studies of intergenerational solidarity in affluent societies suggest that relationships between generations consist simultaneously of both emotional closeness and conflicts. This analysis extends the standard model of intergenerational relationships, which until now has been applied only to countries with bilineal kinship systems, to culturally and economically diverse areas with varying kinship systems. Latent class analysis was applied to measure affection and conflict in the ongoing relationships of young and middle-aged women with their mothers (7,522 relationship pairs) and fathers (5,338 relationship pairs). The empirical analysis was based on standardised oral interviews with mothers from areas in China, Indonesia, North and South India, South Africa, Palestine, Israel, Turkey, Russia, Estonia, Poland, East and West Germany, France, Jamaica, and the United States (n=8,756). The best fitting model of relationship differences consisted of four latent classes: 'amicable' (45 percent), 'detached' (28 percent), 'ambivalent' (22 percent), and 'disharmonious' (5 percent). Based on a cross-culturally largely invariant measurement model, results revealed significantly different distributions for fathers and mothers and across areas. Multinomial three-level regression analysis was used to analyse the complex cross-level interdependence of area effects, individual characteristics, and the respective relationship on class membership. In patrilineal societies, relationships of women with their biological parents are more likely to be ambivalent, less likely to be detached, and very likely to become disharmonious in case of spatial proximity. In affluent societies, the relationships are less likely to be disharmonious and most likely to be harmonious. Whereas the frequency of contact decreases the likelihood of detached or disharmonious relationships in affluent societies, functional exchange with the parents increases the likelihood of disharmonious relationships." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:affectivity; Europe; Intergenerational relations; Asia; North America; Konflikt; Affektivität; conflict; Africa; woman; Europa; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; Nordamerika; Asien; parent-child relationship; Generationenverhältnis; Afrika
"Rente mit 67" - Befunde zur Erwerbssituation älterer Arbeitnehmerinnen
Titelübersetzung:"Retirement at 67" - findings on the employment situation of older female workers
Autor/in:
Zimmer, Barbara; Leve, Verena; Naegele, Gerhard
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 35 (2010) 4, S 709-738
Inhalt: Das 2007 verabschiedete Altersgrenzenanpassungsgesetz stellt den bisherigen Höhepunkt eines rentenpolitischen Paradigmenwechsels hin zu einem längeren Verbleib im Erwerbsleben dar und geht mit tiefgreifenden Veränderungen und Leistungseinschränkungen für die Versicherten einher. Ein abschlagsfreier Rentenbezug wird künftig für den Großteil der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten erst mit dem Erreichen des 67. Lebensjahres möglich sein. Um Rentenkürzungen bei einem vorzeitigen Renteneintritt und damit teilweise prekäre Einkommensverhältnisse im Alter zu vermeiden, sind Arbeitgeber wie Beschäftigte vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Insbesondere für Frauen, die strukturell eine schwächere Position auf dem Arbeitsmarkt einnehmen, bestehen hier spezifische Unterstützungsbedarfe. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde im Auftrag der Initiative Neue Qualität der Arbeit (INQA) vom Institut für Gerontologie an der Technischen Universität Dortmund in Kooperation mit TNS Infratest 2007 eine bundesweite repräsentative Befragung von 1.800 Arbeitnehmerinnen der Geburtsjahrgänge 1947 bis 1964 durchgeführt, die erstmals von der Anhebung der Altersgrenze ab 2012 betroffen sein werden. Neben strukturellen Daten wurden dabei die Einschätzung der derzeitigen Arbeits- und Weiterarbeitsfähigkeit bis zur Regelaltersgrenze sowie spezifische Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. -belastungen erhoben. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass mehr als 40% der befragten Arbeitnehmerinnen die Voraussetzungen, ihre derzeitige Tätigkeit bis zur für sie geltenden gesetzlichen Altersgrenze ausüben zu können, negativ beurteilen. Ursachen für eine mäßige bis schlechte individuelle Arbeitsfähigkeit und damit die Gefahr, vorzeitig aus dem Erwerbsleben ausscheiden zu müssen, liegen unter anderem in arbeitsspezifischen Belastungsformen, die wiederum in bestimmten Branchen und Berufsgruppen kumulieren. Die Schaffung alter(n)sgerechter Arbeitsplätze und die Implementierung einer demografiesensiblen und lebenslauforientierten Personalpolitik in den Betrieben können einen Beitrag zur Erhaltung und Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit dieser Beschäftigten über den Erwerbsverlauf leisten.
Inhalt: The Age Limit Adjustment Act, which was adopted in 2007, constitutes a climax in the developments of a paradigm shift in pension policy towards remaining at work for longer. This development entails profound changes and restrictions on benefits for assured persons. In future, many of the insurable employed will not receive a pension without incurring deductions until they reach the age of 67. Both employers and employees are faced with new challenges if they wish to avoid pension reductions in the event of an early retirement and consequently possible precarious incomes at old age. Especially women need particular support in this regard, given that in structural terms, they are in a weaker position on the labour market.Against this background, a representative nationwide survey of 1,800 female workers born between 1947 and 1964 was commissioned by the New Quality of Work Initiative (INQA) and conducted by the Institute of Gerontology at the Technical University of Dortmund in cooperation with TNS Infratest in 2007. These cohorts are to be affected by the increase of the age limit from 2012 onwards. In addition to structural data, this survey studied the respondents' assessment of their current ability to work and to continue to work until reaching the standard age limit. Further, the survey explored specific working conditions and strains of work. The results show that more than 40% of the female respondents are sceptical about the conditions of being able to continue their current work until reaching their statutory age limit. The only moderate to poor workability and the consequential danger of having to leave work result e.g. from work-related strains which accumulate in certain sectors and professional groups. The creation of appropriate jobs for older workers as well as the implementation of a staff policy in companies, which is sensitive to demographic developments and individual circumstances, can contribute to maintaining and nurturing the workability.
Schlagwörter:personnel policy; retirement pension; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Pension; pension claim; altersadäquater Arbeitsplatz; Erwerbstätigkeit; Federal Republic of Germany; Rente; Rentenalter; Arbeitsbedingungen; age-friendly workplace; elderly worker; age structure; employment history; income; Beschäftigungsförderung; Rentenanspruch; retirement age; Erwerbsverlauf; gainful employment; Alter; Altersstruktur; population development; woman; working conditions; Einkommen; old age; pension; älterer Arbeitnehmer; Personalpolitik; employment promotion; demografischer Wandel; Arbeitsfähigkeit; Labour; Demographic Change; Female employees; Work conditions; Workability
Differences in fertility patterns between East and West German women: disentangling the roles of cultural background and of the transformation process
Titelübersetzung:Unterschiede in den Fertilitätsmustern zwischen ost- und westdeutschen Frauen: Differenzierung der Rollen des kulturellen Hintergrunds und des Transformationsprozesses
Autor/in:
Arránz Becker, Oliver; Lois, Daniel; Nauck, Bernhard
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 35 (2010) 1, S 7-34
Inhalt: Diese Studie vergleicht die paritätsspezifischen Fertilitätsmuster west- und ostdeutscher Frauen (Geburtskohorten 1970 und jünger) nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung auf der Grundlage von Paneldaten des deutschen SOEP (Wellen 1990 bis 2006). Während die Übergangsrate zur Geburt des ersten Kindes bei der ostdeutschen Teilstichprobe tendenziell höher liegt als bei der westdeutschen, bleibt die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Zweitgeburt bei den westdeutschen Frauen im Zeitverlauf deutlich höher. Die dargestellten Analysen umfassen eine detaillierte vergleichende Untersuchung verschiedener intervenierender Mechanismen, dargestellt durch soziokulturelle Orientierungen und soziale Ungleichheiten, die aus dem gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozess resultieren. Auch wenn die Übergangsrate zur Erstgeburt bei ostdeutschen Frauen durch ihre stärkeren beruflichen Ambitionen gesenkt wird, erhöht sich ihre Neigung zur Familienbildung durch ihre stärkere Familienorientierung. Überraschenderweise begünstigt der höhere Anteil der Konfessionslosen in Ostdeutschland den Übergang zur Elternschaft, da partnerschaftliche Beziehungen hierdurch sowohl schneller eingegangen als auch gefestigt werden. Die niedrigere Übergangsrate zur Zweitgeburt unter ostdeutschen Frauen ist zum Teil auf die höheren beruflichen Ziele, die niedrigere Religiosität und die niedrigere allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit in dieser Teilgruppe zurückzuführen.
Inhalt: The present study compares parity-specific fertility patterns of West and East German women (from birth cohorts 1970 and younger) after German re-unification using panel data from the GSOEP (waves 1990 through 2006). Whereas the transition rate for the birth of the first child tends to be higher in the East German than in the West German sub-sample, the likelihood of second births remains considerably higher among West German women across time. The analyses presented comprise a detailed comparative test of different intervening mechanisms, represented by sociocultural orientations and social inequalities resulting from the societal transformation process. Although the transition rate to first births among East German women is lowered by their higher education and work aspirations, their higher degree of family orientation promotes their propensity to start a family. Surprisingly, the higher proportion of persons without a denomination in East Germany promotes the transition to parenthood because it accelerates both the engagement in and the consolidation of intimate relationships. The lower transition rate to second births among East German women is partly accounted for by the higher work aspirations, by the lower religiosity and by the lower general life satisfaction in this subgroup.
Schlagwörter:transformation; alte Bundesländer; cultural factors; fertility; family education; satisfaction; old federal states; Transformation; Zufriedenheit; religiousness; kulturelle Faktoren; Federal Republic of Germany; woman; Religiosität; neue Bundesländer; social inequality; Familienbildung; New Federal States; soziale Ungleichheit; Fruchtbarkeit; Fertilität; Ostdeutschland; Zweitgeburt; fertility; Eastern Germany; family formation; second birth
Unterschiede in den Fertilitätsmustern zwischen ost- und westdeutschen Frauen: Differenzierung der Rollen des kulturellen Hintergrunds und des Transformationsprozesses
Titelübersetzung:Differences in fertility patterns between East and West German women: disentangling the roles of cultural background and of the transformation process
Autor/in:
Arránz Becker, Oliver; Lois, Daniel; Nauck, Bernhard
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 35 (2010) 1, S 35-64
Inhalt: Diese Studie vergleicht die paritätsspezifischen Fertilitätsmuster west- und ostdeutscher Frauen (Geburtskohorten 1970 und jünger) nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung auf der Grundlage von Paneldaten des deutschen SOEP (Wellen 1990 bis 2006). Während die Übergangsrate zur Geburt des ersten Kindes bei der ostdeutschen Teilstichprobe tendenziell höher liegt als bei der westdeutschen, bleibt die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Zweitgeburt bei den westdeutschen Frauen im Zeitverlauf deutlich höher. Die dargestellten Analysen umfassen eine detaillierte vergleichende Untersuchung verschiedener intervenierender Mechanismen, dargestellt durch soziokulturelle Orientierungen und soziale Ungleichheiten, die aus dem gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozess resultieren. Auch wenn die Übergangsrate zur Erstgeburt bei ostdeutschen Frauen durch ihre stärkeren beruflichen Ambitionen gesenkt wird, erhöht sich ihre Neigung zur Familienbildung durch ihre stärkere Familienorientierung. Überraschenderweise begünstigt der höhere Anteil der Konfessionslosen in Ostdeutschland den Übergang zur Elternschaft, da partnerschaftliche Beziehungen hierdurch sowohl schneller eingegangen als auch gefestigt werden. Die niedrigere Übergangsrate zur Zweitgeburt unter ostdeutschen Frauen ist zum Teil auf die höheren beruflichen Ziele, die niedrigere Religiosität und die niedrigere allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit in dieser Teilgruppe zurückzuführen.
Inhalt: The present study compares parity-specific fertility patterns of West and East German women (from birth cohorts 1970 and younger) after German re-unification using panel data from the GSOEP (waves 1990 through 2006). Whereas the transition rate for the birth of the first child tends to be higher in the East German than in the West German sub-sample, the likelihood of second births remains considerably higher among West German women across time. The analyses presented comprise a detailed comparative test of different intervening mechanisms, represented by sociocultural orientations and social inequalities resulting from the societal transformation process. Although the transition rate to first births among East German women is lowered by their higher education and work aspirations, their higher degree of family orientation promotes their propensity to start a family. Surprisingly, the higher proportion of persons without a denomination in East Germany promotes the transition to parenthood because it accelerates both the engagement in and the consolidation of intimate relationships. The lower transition rate to second births among East German women is partly accounted for by the higher work aspirations, by the lower religiosity and by the lower general life satisfaction in this subgroup.
Schlagwörter:transformation; alte Bundesländer; cultural factors; fertility; family education; satisfaction; old federal states; Transformation; Zufriedenheit; religiousness; kulturelle Faktoren; Federal Republic of Germany; woman; Religiosität; neue Bundesländer; social inequality; Familienbildung; New Federal States; soziale Ungleichheit; Fruchtbarkeit; Fertilität; Ostdeutschland; Zweitgeburt; fertility; Eastern Germany; family formation; second birth
"Retirement at 67" - findings on the employment situation of older female workers
Titelübersetzung:"Rente mit 67" - Befunde zur Erwerbssituation älterer Arbeitnehmerinnen
Autor/in:
Zimmer, Brabara; Leve, Verena; Naegele, Gerhard
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 35 (2010) 4, S 739-765
Inhalt: Das 2007 verabschiedete Altersgrenzenanpassungsgesetz stellt den bisherigen Höhepunkt eines rentenpolitischen Paradigmenwechsels hin zu einem längeren Verbleib im Erwerbsleben dar und geht mit tiefgreifenden Veränderungen und Leistungseinschränkungen für die Versicherten einher. Ein abschlagsfreier Rentenbezug wird künftig für den Großteil der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten erst mit dem Erreichen des 67. Lebensjahres möglich sein. Um Rentenkürzungen bei einem vorzeitigen Renteneintritt und damit teilweise prekäre Einkommensverhältnisse im Alter zu vermeiden, sind Arbeitgeber wie Beschäftigte vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Insbesondere für Frauen, die strukturell eine schwächere Position auf dem Arbeitsmarkt einnehmen, bestehen hier spezifische Unterstützungsbedarfe. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde im Auftrag der Initiative Neue Qualität der Arbeit (INQA) vom Institut für Gerontologie an der Technischen Universität Dortmund in Kooperation mit TNS Infratest 2007 eine bundesweite repräsentative Befragung von 1.800 Arbeitnehmerinnen der Geburtsjahrgänge 1947 bis 1964 durchgeführt, die erstmals von der Anhebung der Altersgrenze ab 2012 betroffen sein werden. Neben strukturellen Daten wurden dabei die Einschätzung der derzeitigen Arbeits- und Weiterarbeitsfähigkeit bis zur Regelaltersgrenze sowie spezifische Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. -belastungen erhoben. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass mehr als 40% der befragten Arbeitnehmerinnen die Voraussetzungen, ihre derzeitige Tätigkeit bis zur für sie geltenden gesetzlichen Altersgrenze ausüben zu können, negativ beurteilen. Ursachen für eine mäßige bis schlechte individuelle Arbeitsfähigkeit und damit die Gefahr, vorzeitig aus dem Erwerbsleben ausscheiden zu müssen, liegen unter anderem in arbeitsspezifischen Belastungsformen, die wiederum in bestimmten Branchen und Berufsgruppen kumulieren. Die Schaffung alter(n)sgerechter Arbeitsplätze und die Implementierung einer demografiesensiblen und lebenslauforientierten Personalpolitik in den Betrieben können einen Beitrag zur Erhaltung und Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit dieser Beschäftigten über den Erwerbsverlauf leisten.
Inhalt: The Age Limit Adjustment Act, which was adopted in 2007, constitutes a climax in the developments of a paradigm shift in pension policy towards remaining at work for longer. This development entails profound changes and restrictions on benefits for assured persons. In future, many of the insurable employed will not receive a pension without incurring deductions until they reach the age of 67. Both employers and employees are faced with new challenges if they wish to avoid pension reductions in the event of an early retirement and consequently possible precarious incomes at old age. Especially women need particular support in this regard, given that in structural terms, they are in a weaker position on the labour market.Against this background, a representative nationwide survey of 1,800 female workers born between 1947 and 1964 was commissioned by the New Quality of Work Initiative (INQA) and conducted by the Institute of Gerontology at the Technical University of Dortmund in cooperation with TNS Infratest in 2007. These cohorts are to be affected by the increase of the age limit from 2012 onwards. In addition to structural data, this survey studied the respondents’ assessment of their current ability to work and to continue to work until reaching the standard age limit. Further, the survey explored specific working conditions and strains of work. The results show that more than 40% of the female respondents are sceptical about the conditions of being able to continue their current work until reaching their statutory age limit. The only moderate to poor workability and the consequential danger of having to leave work result e.g. from work-related strains which accumulate in certain sectors and professional groups. The creation of appropriate jobs for older workers as well as the implementation of a staff policy in companies, which is sensitive to demographic developments and individual circumstances, can contribute to maintaining and nurturing the workability.
Schlagwörter:personnel policy; retirement pension; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Erwerbslosigkeit; Pension; pension claim; altersadäquater Arbeitsplatz; Erwerbstätigkeit; Federal Republic of Germany; Rente; Rentenalter; Arbeitsbedingungen; age-friendly workplace; unemployment; elderly worker; age structure; employment history; income; Beschäftigungsförderung; Rentenanspruch; retirement age; Erwerbsverlauf; Arbeitslosigkeit; gainful employment; Alter; Altersstruktur; population development; woman; working conditions; Einkommen; old age; pension; älterer Arbeitnehmer; Personalpolitik; employment promotion; demografischer Wandel; Arbeitsfähigkeit; Labour; Demographic Change; Female employees; Work conditions; Workability