Polish "handymen" in Germany: an example for the neglected "male" side of commodified reproductive work?
Autor/in:
Palenga-Möllenbeck, Ewa
Quelle: Universität Bielefeld, Fak. für Soziologie, Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development (COMCAD); Bielefeld (COMCAD Working Papers, 109), 2012. 10 S
Schlagwörter:labor migration; role distribution; Betreuung; Pole; Pole; Hausarbeit; Rollenverteilung; role image; housework; Migrant; Arbeitsmigration; Federal Republic of Germany; social inequality; man; Rollenbild; labor market; Arbeitsmarkt; gender; care; migrant; Gender; child care; Mann; Kinderbetreuung; gender-specific factors; soziale Ungleichheit
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Migration
Quelle: Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut in der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung; Düsseldorf (WSI-Diskussionspapier, 170), 2010. 56 S
Inhalt: "Die traditionelle Rollenverteilung im Haushalt sieht den Mann als Erbringer des Geldeinkommens, während die Frau unbezahlte Familienarbeit in der Ehe verrichtet und dafür 'im Austausch' einen Teil vom Geldeinkommen des Mannes erhält. Dieses Modell ist in Deutschland auf dem Rückzug. Frauen erwerben zunehmend ein eigenes Einkommen und sichern in wachsender Zahl ihre Lebensgrundlage selbst. Doch es gibt keine eindeutige Entwicklungslinie vom traditionellen männlichen Familienernährermodell (mit nichterwerbstätiger Frau) zum modernisierten männlichen Ernährermodell (mit in Teilzeit beschäftigter Frau) hin zu einem partnerschaftlich-egalitären Modell (mit zwei in ähnlichem Umfang erwerbstätigen Partnern). Dies zeigt das Aufkommen einer Gruppe von Haushalten, in denen die Frau die Hauptbezieherin von Erwerbseinkommen ist. Frauen fungieren in diesen Familien als die Haupteinkommensbezieherin und ernähren somit sich selbst und weitere Familienangehörige. Diese familiäre Situation rückt hier ins Blickfeld. Die vorliegende Studie fragt nach der Verbreitung solcher Haushalte in Deutschland sowie nach den Ursachen entsprechender Konstellationen. Bezüglich der relevanten Einflussfaktoren fragen wir: Welche Bedeutung haben für dies Konstellation erstens veränderte Familien- und Lebensformen, zweitens zunehmende Erwerbsintegration von Frauen, teilweise auch in höheren beruflichen Positionen sowie drittens Umbrüche in der Erwerbssphäre, die zu einer neuen Unsicherheit der Arbeit (auch) für Männer führen? Die Untersuchung analysiert daher Erwerbskonstellationen und Einkommenserwirtschaftung auf der Haushaltsebene." (Textauszug)
Schlagwörter:women's employment; role distribution; gender relations; Gleichstellung; Arbeitsteilung; Arbeit; Haushaltseinkommen; precariat; Rollenverteilung; Familie-Beruf; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; work-family balance; labor; man; Familieneinkommen; labor market; Arbeitsmarkt; gender; division of labor; woman; Mann; Prekariat; Geschlechterverhältnis; Familienform; family structure; affirmative action; family income; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Gender Segregated Labour Markets in the Baltics: What are Prevailing - Similarities or Differences?
Autor/in:
Vöörmann, Rein
Quelle: Studies of Transition States and Societies, 1 (2009) 1, S 66-80
Inhalt: "This paper focuses on men and women and the gender segregation of jobs in the Baltic countries. Based
on the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian labour force survey data, a look is taken at the employment
structure of men and women by industries and occupations, as well as at the question whether or
not gender segregation in the labour market has been increased after the collapse of the communist
systems in the region under consideration. Empirical data demonstrate that in respect to industrial
gender segregation there is some increase in Estonia and Latvia, but not in Lithuania. Occupational gender
segregation demonstrates more stability in all three Baltic States. Compared to the Western European
countries, the main trend is towards bigger similarities." (author's abstract)
Rates of return to education by gender in Pakistan
Autor/in:
Aslam, Monazza
Quelle: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education, Research Consortium on Educational Outcomes and Poverty (RECOUP); Cambridge (RECOUP Working Papers, 1), 2007. 41 S
Inhalt: Differential labour market returns to male and female education are one potential explanation for large gender gaps in education in Pakistan. We empirically test this explanation by estimating private returns to education separately for male and female wage earners. This paper contributes to the literature by using a variety of methodologies (Ordinary Least Squares, Heckman correction, 2SLS and household fixed effects) in order to consistently estimate economic returns to education. Earnings function estimates reveal a sizeable gender asymmetry in economic returns to education, with returns to women's education being substantially and statistically significantly higher than men's. However, a decomposition of the gender wage gap suggests that there is highly differentiated treatment by employers. We conclude that the total labour market returns are much higher for men, despite returns to education being higher for women. This suggests that parents may have an investment motive in allocating more resources to boys than to girls within households.
Gender differentiation in higher education: educational specialization and labour market risks in Spain and Germany
Titelübersetzung:Genderunterschiede in der höheren Bildung: bildungsbezogene Spezialisierung und Arbeitsmarktrisiken in Spanien und Deutschland
Autor/in:
Reimer, David; Steinmetz, Stephanie
Quelle: Universität Mannheim, Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES); Mannheim (Arbeitspapiere / Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung, 99), 2007. 38 S
Inhalt: The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between gender differentiation in tertiary education and labour market hazards. We analyze how differences between male and female tertiary graduates in the chosen degree level and field of study affect the likelihood to be unemployed or obtain a low status job. In order to learn about the role of institutional context, we compare Germany and Spain, two countries that differ with respect to horizontal (field of study) and vertical (degree level) segregation by gender as well as to the linkage between the education and labour market system. Using Labour Force Survey data from the year 2000, our results of logistic regression models as well as a non-linear decomposition technique generally confirm our expectation that the field of study explains a sizable portion of the gender gap in unemployment and low status jobs in both countries. Whereas the level of tertiary degree does not matter with respect to unemployment in either country, it explains part of the female disadvantage in holding a low status job in Spain. Moreover, our analyses show that women with a degree in a predominantly male field of study are not systematically disadvantaged compared to men. Finally, even though the role of the institutional context is hard to evaluate, it seems that, for the two selected countries, the horizontal and vertical gender segregation is more relevant in Spain than in Germany.' [author's abstract]