Conflict of culture and religion: Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's "Pink Nail Polish" from a Bakhtin's carnivalistic point of view
Autor/in:
Oroskhan, Muhammad Hussein; Anoosheh, Sayyed Mohammad
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2017) 77, S 35-43
Inhalt: By the 1930s, the Iranian society was driven toward modernization. Consisted with the concept of modernization, feminism ushered a whole new era in Iranian history. Besides, the outbreak of World War II and the consequent abdication of Reza Khan afforded women a golden opportunity to fight for their rights and emancipations. This movement was also supported by the famous male writers of the time among whom Jalal Al-e-Ahmad marked a prominent place. He was keen enough to properly explore women's situation in his works and notice the drastic effect of modernization upon women's situation. Hence, in this study, we try to investigate Al-e-Ahmad's short story entitled "Pink Nail Polish" 1948 with respect to Bakhtin's Carnivalesque's theory. Furthermore, it is shown how Bakhtin's new literary mode can create the excellent chance of studying Iranian women's situation properly. Finally, we explain that due to the drastic change of Iranian women's situation towards modernity, they may lead a double life if their rights are not respected. This can lead to a disproportionate relationship between the husband and the wife as the marital infidelity becomes rampant.
Schlagwörter:Iran; Iran; Modernisierung; modernization; 20. Jahrhundert; twentieth century; Feminismus; feminism; woman; soziale Lage; social situation; Literatur; literature; Kulturkonflikt; cultural conflict; religiöser Konflikt; religious conflict
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Lexis and mood as markers of feminist ideology in tunde Kelani's Arugba and Ma'ami
Autor/in:
Akinmameji, Oluwayemisi Olusola
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 71, S 71-82
Inhalt: Although the negative representation of women in Nollywood movies is worrisome to scholars, they have done little as regards exploring the feminist linguistic analysis of these movies. Studies have focused on the misrepresentations of women with emphasis on the literary perspectives. This paper attempts a lexical and sentential analysis of feminist ideology of two Nollywood movies. The study adopted Norman Fairclough's model of Critical Discourse Analysis to explain way linguistic are used to instantiate feminist ideology in the movies. Arugba and Maami produced by Tunde Kelani were purposively sampled because of the gender issues in them. Though some movies merely project women as witches and sex slaves, these two movies stand out among those that project the strengths of womanhood. The movies attempt to correct the negative impression about women. Linguistic features such as the lexical indices and mood system are examined. Larger scale features such as allusion and simile are also explored. The study suggests that despite the rot in the value system of the present day Nigeria, there are still women who pass for the ideal. Also, it was discovered that women can determine their fate regardless of what roles the society gives them and could survive even under the worst patriarchy. Beyond their weaknesses, women are necessary to maintain tranquility in the home and the larger society. This paper recommends that movie stakeholders should give responsible roles to women and women should be sensitive and alive to their responsibilities as regulators of the social political Nigerian entity.
Multiple perspectives toward women in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: a feministic overview
Autor/in:
Fakhimi Anbaran, Farough
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 66, S 129-134
Inhalt: Undoubtedly, in spite of all those efforts done during the years, the mentality towards the superiority of male over female is still being reflected in the works of art written by men. Joseph Conrad, the Polish author, who wrote great masterpieces in English, is not an exception. His great work of art, Heart of Darkness, reflects multiple perspectives towards women. By applying a Feminist approach towards this novel, this article tends to present an analytical overview of the mentality of men towards women in the written work of art, Heart of Darkness.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 68, S 55-60
Inhalt: An imitation of the literary styles and modes of expression of the great writers in the post-World War II was the criterion of success for any male or female writer. The conventions of T.S. Eliot and W.H. Auden influenced the poetics and thought of the younger generation poets. For example, Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) was an ardent disciple of these conventions in her early career. She was influenced by the phallogocentric discourse of subject formation. She followed this man-made discourse to be accepted within the literary circle as a successful woman writer, but she realized that this discourse didn’t help women in the expression of their female voices. This study explores the failure of the phallogocentric techniques and modes of writing in the expression of Rich's female voice in An Unsaid Word (1951). The study is conducted in the light of Lacanian Symbolic system of identification. The study concludes that Lacanian system of identification was behind the distortions of meanings associated with women and the failure of the symbolic order in the self-expression of Rich's female character in her poem An Unsaid Word.
Gauri as woman protagonist in Mulk Raj Anand's novel
Autor/in:
Yadav, Shashi
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 60, S 134-136
Inhalt: Through this novel "Gauri" Mulk Raj Anand expresses his indisputable concern for the suffering humanity of India. It forces one to ask a few questions about the Indian character of woman. We call the woman as "Mother", "Goddess" and claim that our society always been given due respect to women. At the same time, we also beat them ablaze or turn them out of the house. Mulk Raj Anand's novel Gauri eloquently exposes the hypocrisy of our society. It not only voices a strong protest against ill treatment of women but also explores through the example of Gauri what woman in India should do for her emancipation.
Cultural identity in Eugenia Kim's The Calligrapher's Daughter
Autor/in:
Ng, Wen Lee; Wan Yahya, Wan Roselezam; Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 62, S 131-139
Inhalt: Eugenia Kim’s The Calligrapher's Daughter (2009) is a well-received East Asian novel about a Korean Christian, Najin's encounter with western culture. As an aristocratic woman, she is expected to uphold Korean tradition. However, as Najin realises that she is culturally marginalised by her father and the Korean traditional society mainly due to her gender, she picks up a foreign culture introduced to her, western culture. This move is extremely significant because after Najin driven by cultural marginalisation to embrace western culture, her cultural practices are no longer the same with traditional Korean women. This important turn of the novel has not been explored by scholars extensively. Thus, this study aims to depart from the cultural marginalisation faced by Najin. Furthermore, due to the fact that cultural identity formation is highly influenced by culture, there is a need to look into the changes of Najin’s cultural identity as she incorporates western culture into her Korean traditional culture. By investigating the changes of Najin’s cultural identity throughout the novel, this study finds that Najin has transformed from a nameless girl without an identity into an independent woman with the help of western education.
Schlagwörter:Christentum; Literatur; Tradition; Ostasien; Roman; Emanzipation; Marginalität; Western world; culture; woman; kulturelle Identität; emancipation; westliche Welt; cultural identity; literature; Kultur; Christianity; tradition; marginality; Far East; novel; Korea
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The role of culture and society in the development of plot in Tanushree Podder's Escape from Harem and Gita Mehta's A River Sutra: a feminist reading
Autor/in:
Khandhar, Diren Ashok; Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 56, S 44-49
Inhalt: Culture and Society are often the main gist of most novels. These two factors often influence and control the characters, thus helping in the development of the plot. A plot, as defined by Egan (1978), is used to indicate an outline of events and serves as a skeleton in a literary piece. In other words, it is a tool in making sure the main incidents or scenarios are presented in a particular order to establish a clear understanding of what is being written. Culture and society plays the essence in a novel as it constructs these main ideas in engaging the interest of a reader and also extends the intended message of the particular writer. This paper looks into how culture and society helps in developing the plots of the selected novels using the feminist approach. Tanushree Podder's, Escape from Harem (2013) and Gita Mehta's A River Sutra (1993) amazingly are both set in India. Podder and Mehta have inserted the perception society had over women and how male supremacy was glorified in many aspects. The essence of feminist approach was very much present in these two novels. According to Tyson (2006), feminism concerns the ways in which literature undermines the economic, political, social and psychological oppression on women. Though the setting of both novels fall in different eras but the theme of female oppression remains the same. The patriarchal society uses culture and religion as a tool to control women and oppress them. Both authors have shown how the women in the 17th century and in the 20th century face the same kind of judgment from the society and men in general.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 55, S 154-159
Inhalt: Margaret Atwood is the most prominent Canadian writer. Her feminist ideology is clearly obvious in her novels. She overtly illustrates her feminism view in human rights equality and freedom of choice. Atwood's works are consisted of the fundamental freedom and human rights. In general, her fictions truly portray the women's rights that are equal to men's rights. Social constructions of gender are attacked by Atwood's novels. Her stories represent the silence and sexual discrimination in female characters. She is not only looking for annihilating of the gender system i.e. women's subjugation, but look at men and women at the same level in society. Female bodies in Atwood's point of view have been captured in patriarchal societies. Female protagonists in the selected novels explain noticeable symbols of bodily nervousness. Female characters are mostly used as objects in Atwood's stories. Women are considered as a tool or toy, as if they have no feelings, opinions or rights of their own. Body in female characters plays an important role and it is symbol of sexuality. Female body in Atwood's selected stories is under the cruel dominance by male and that is what she always tries to portray under the sexual politics. This paper aims to illustrate sexual politics though female body in Atwood's selected works.
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 50, S 86-90
Inhalt: Canadian novels have witnessed a movement from description to more different analytical and interpretative directions. Margaret Atwood's oeuvres are belonged to the postmodern literary field of feminist writing. Her fictions show a severe alertness of the relationship between chains and slavery, i.e. between women's requirement for relationships with others and her requirements for freedom and autonomy. In this paper, The Handmaid's Tale, Bodily Harm, Surfacing, and The Edible Woman will be surveyed in a direct relationship between politics, violence and victimization of female protagonists. An examination on Margaret Atwood's novels demonstrates that she is pioneer in the dimension of time by being a revolter against the patriarchal society.
Western feminist consciousness in Buchi Emecheta's The joys of motherhood
Autor/in:
Barfi, Zahra; Alaei, Sarieh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 42, S 12-20
Inhalt: Feminism is a collection of movements which struggles for women's rights. Focusing on gender as a basis of women's sexual oppression, feminist scholarship attempts to establish equal rights for women politically, economically, socially, personally, etc. The Joys of Motherhood highlights Buchi Emecheta's critical view toward colonialism and racism affecting Third world women's lives. Besides this, Emecheta goes further to display African women's invisibility and marginalization-which were out of sight for a long time-in terms of some aspects of Western feminist discourse. Her creative discourse, in this regard, casts further light upon the issue of gender oppression in African feminist study. Hence, this study attempts to examine the way in which Emecheta furthers Western feminist ideology.