Partnered women's contribution to household labor income: Persistent inequalities among couples and their determinants
Autor/in:
Dieckhoff, Martina; Gash, Vanessa; Mertens, Antje; Romeu Gordo, Laura
Quelle: Social Science Research, (2019) 85
Inhalt: This paper explores earnings inequalities within dual-earner couples in East and West Germany drawing on household-level panel data from 1992 to 2016. It has three aims: (1) to analyze how the partner pay gap (the pay gap between partners within one household) has developed over time, given institutional change, and whether the extent of inequality and temporal development vary between East and West Germany; (2) to explore variation in the partner pay gap by male partners' absolute earnings; and (3) to investigate the micro-level determinants of earnings inequalities within couples and determine whether their relevance varies between East and West Germany as well as by male partners’ absolute earnings. We find women earn substantially less than their partners, and our regression results find no indication of a declining partner pay gap. Besides substantial variation between East and West Germany, our results also reveal important group-specific variation in the extent of the partner pay gap as well as in its determinants.
Schlagwörter:Dual Career Couple; alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; old federal states; Haushaltseinkommen; Einkommensunterschied; partnership; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; woman; difference in income; neue Bundesländer; Partnerschaft; labor force participation; gender-specific factors; New Federal States; dual career couple; Ungleichheit; inequality; gender inequality; institutional change; partner pay gap; time trends; German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) (1992-2016)
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Gendering insiders and outsiders: labour market status and preferences for job security
Autor/in:
Emmenegger, Patrick
Quelle: University of Edinburgh, Publication and Dissemination Centre (PUDISCwowe); Edinburgh (Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe, REC-WP 02/2010), 2010. 36 S
Inhalt: This paper examines the role of gender in the relationship between labour market status and preferences for job security. We hypothesize that the insider/ outsider theory of employment and unemployment suffers from a gender bias. It neither takes the possibility of family-related labour market transitions nor the role of the household situation (division of labour, presence of children, dual-earner households etc.) into account. We adapt the insider/ outsider theory of employment and unemployment by incorporating the, on average, higher number of labour market transitions experienced by women into the model using interaction effects and by conceptualising the household situation as mobility and responsibility effects. Contrary to our expectations, we find no significant effect of gender on preferences for job security, neither in interaction with labour market status nor as an independent effect. In contrast, we observe that individuals living together with their partners and main contributors to the household income consider job security to be particularly important.
Do Austrian Men and Women Become more Equal? At Least in Terms of Labor Supply!
Autor/in:
Wernhart, Georg; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf
Quelle: Österreichisches Institut für Familienforschung an der Universität Wien; Wien (Working Paper / Österreichisches Institut für Familienforschung, 71), 2008. 15 S
Inhalt: Similar to most industrialized countries, female labor supply in Austria has been increasing for the last decades, while labor force participation for men has been constant or even somewhat declining. This working paper - in cooperation with the University of Linz - provides an insight into wage elasticities concerning work participation and weekly hours for Austrian men and women between 1987 and 1999. It presents the almost continuous reduction in the labor supply reactions of married women. While their elasticity was still several times larger at the beginning of the 1980s, they approached rapidly the much less elastic behavior of men. These developments are important for the analysis of deadweight losses of taxation as well as the effects of tax reforms and wage subsidy programs. In this paper we differentiate between married and never-married women; which is very important in explaining labour force participation. As these differences are negligible for men we refrain from this distinction. Labor supply elasticities give an impression about attachment to the labor force; very high elasticities of (married) women have often been interpreted as evidence for low labor force attachment and a traditional family role model: the male bread-winner model where female market participation was considered as supplementary and more volatile. Due to increasing educational attainment of women, developments on the marriage market - lower marriage and higher divorce rates - and most importantly changing social roles and norms, it can be expected that this traditional male-breadwinner model will have considerably lost its importance.
Schlagwörter:Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Mann; man; woman; Arbeitskräfte; manpower; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; Lohn; wage; Heirat; wedding; Arbeitsangebot; labor supply; Bildungsniveau; level of education; gender-specific factors; Rollenwandel; role change; Österreich; Austria
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Qualifikation und Erwerbsarbeit von Frauen von 1970-2000 in Österreich
Titelübersetzung:Qualification and gainful work of women in Austria between 1970 and 2000
Autor/in:
Prenner, Peter; Scheibelhofer, Elisabeth
Quelle: Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien; Wien (Reihe Soziologie / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Soziologie, 49), 2001. 53 S
Inhalt: "Das vorliegende Reihenpaper basiert auf einer Studie zur Entwicklung der Qualifikation und Erwerbsarbeit von Frauen in Österreich in den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten. Die von der Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte Wien in Auftrag gegebene Forschungsarbeit wurde vom IHS in Kooperation mit dem Österreichischen Institut für Berufsbildungsforschung (ÖIBF) durchgeführt. Das vorliegende Reihenpaper beruht auf dem IHS-Teil des Forschungsprojektes, das - v.a. gestützt auf Volkszählungs- und Mikrozensusdaten - die Qualifikationsentwicklung von Frauen unter dem Blickwinkel einer möglichen Erwerbsarbeitsbeteiligung analysiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The presented paper is based upon a study focussing an the development of the qualification and employment situation of women in Austria during the last three decades. The research was financed by the Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte Wien and carried out by the Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS) in Vienna in cooperation with the Österreichischen Institut für Berufsbildungsforschung (ÖIBF). This paper discusses the research carried out by the IHS - mainly based upon data of the Austrian Population Census and Micro Census -, that draws attention to the development of qualification of women during this period with regard to potential labour participation." (author's abstract)