Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.
The Traps of International Scripts: Making a Case for a Critical Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality in Development
Autor/in:
Roodsaz, Rahil; Van Raemdonck, An
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 16-24
Inhalt: In this article, we look at colonialities of gender and sexuality as concepts employed in international aid and development. These international arenas reveal not only strong reiterations of modernist linear thinking and colonial continuities but also provide insights into the complexities of the implementation and vernacularisation of gender and sexuality in practices of development. Using a critical anthropological perspective, we discuss case studies based on our own research in Egypt and Bangladesh to illustrate the importance of unpacking exclusionary mechanisms of gender and sexuality scripts in the promotion of women’s rights and sexual and reproductive health and rights in postcolonial development contexts. We provide a conceptual analysis of decolonial feminist attempts at moving beyond the mere critique of development to enable a more inclusive conversation in the field of development. To work towards this goal, we argue, a critical anthropological approach proves promising in allowing a politically-sensitive, ethical, and critical engagement with the Other.
Schlagwörter:Kolonialismus; colonialism; Anthropologie; anthropology; Gender; gender; Sexualität; sexuality; internationale Hilfe; international aid; Entwicklungshilfe; development aid; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Postkolonialismus; post-colonialism; Feminismus; feminism; Ägypten; Egypt; Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Nordafrika; North Africa; Südasien; South Asia; critical anthropology; development;
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
Western feminist consciousness in Buchi Emecheta's The joys of motherhood
Autor/in:
Barfi, Zahra; Alaei, Sarieh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 42, S 12-20
Inhalt: Feminism is a collection of movements which struggles for women's rights. Focusing on gender as a basis of women's sexual oppression, feminist scholarship attempts to establish equal rights for women politically, economically, socially, personally, etc. The Joys of Motherhood highlights Buchi Emecheta's critical view toward colonialism and racism affecting Third world women's lives. Besides this, Emecheta goes further to display African women's invisibility and marginalization-which were out of sight for a long time-in terms of some aspects of Western feminist discourse. Her creative discourse, in this regard, casts further light upon the issue of gender oppression in African feminist study. Hence, this study attempts to examine the way in which Emecheta furthers Western feminist ideology.
Inhalt: Das Ländliche wird vielfach als das Andere zur Stadt konstruiert, mit Entwicklungsrückstand assoziiert oder zum Sehnsuchtsort hochstilisiert. Land_Frauen werden selbst in feministischen Diskursen abgewertet oder ignoriert. Die Dichotomisierung von Stadt und Land, Homogenisierungen und Ideologisierungen von Seiten der Wissenschaft, Politik, Verwaltung und der Medien tragen maßgeblich dazu bei. Mittels der poststrukturalistischen Konzepte der Konstruktion, Dekonstruktion und Rekonstruktion wird in diesem Essay das Wechselverhältnis von Subjekten und Strukturen in ländlichen Regionen beleuchtet und darüber reflektiert, wie ländliche Sozialforschung und rurale Geschlechterforschung zu einem (selbst-) kritischen Diskurs beitragen können.
Inhalt: The rural is often constructed as the opposite to the urban, associated with lagging behind or idolized as a place of nostalgia. Rural women were - even in feminist discourses - devalued or ignored. These tendencies are intensified by science, politics, administration and the media by ideologizations, the homogenizing of society and the dichotomization of the urban and the rural. Using the post-structural approaches of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction, this essay examines closely the reciprocal relationship between rural subjects and structures. It reflects how rural social research and rural gender studies can contribute to a (self-) critical discourse.
Titelübersetzung:Geschichte des Wissens, Terrorismus und Gender
Autor/in:
Grisard, Dominique
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 82-99
Inhalt: This article focuses on 20th-century terrorist phenomena as gendered objects of knowledge produced and disseminated through history books, mass media and state institutions. By taking 1970s West German terrorism as my field of inquiry, this article will critically discuss how a bourgeois understanding of violence as fundamentally masculine has shaped the way terrorism has been represented, conceptualized and historicized thus far. I will go on to problematize the mas-culine gaze of mass media and state institutions and their tendency to objectify the terrorist. Last but not least, I will delineate how mass media and historiog-raphy of terrorism have relied on a narrative structure that pits rebellious sons and masculine daughters against figural and literal fathers, a frame that is overtly masculine and familial. In so doing I will point to blind spots in the study of 1970s terrorism, namely masculinity and the gender of state institutions. My goal is thus to show how not just individual and symbolic, but also institutional facets of the bourgeois gender order influence the way terrorism has been conceptualized and historicized thus far.
Schlagwörter:Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechtsrolle; historiography; RAF; Geschichtsschreibung; feminism; masculinity; mass media; gender; Stereotyp; Gender; stereotype; woman; Feminismus; political violence; Männlichkeit; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; RAF; oedipal narrative
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Titelübersetzung:Geschlecht und Terrorismus in städtischen Räumen
Autor/in:
Keenan, Kevin
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 100-114
Inhalt: Theoretical development within gender studies and terrorism studies has occurred along the axes of identity, material and spatial power and inequality, and geography. Gender scholars have been concerned with the transformation of oppressive political structures, with increased inequality and understanding how gender structures limit women’s opportunities, and with the role of separate geo-graphical and social spheres in shaping outcomes. Terrorism scholars have con-ceptualized terror as a political process, the result largely of economic inequality and to some extent, gender structures, and they have articulated a role for urban space in conceptualizing interventionist policy to ameliorate the terrorist threat. This paper traces the development of these theoretical traditions, pointing out the thematic similarities, but also the dissimilar objects of inquiry. A review of the scholarship where gender informs terrorism studies points the way to future development of scholarship around (1) solving the global terrorism problem by further understanding gender structures for both men and women; (2) the role of urban and non-urban spaces as the backdrop for terrorist recruitment and formation processes; and (3) how gender is likely to affect actual survival for gendered urban populations when terrorism occurs.
Schlagwörter:perception; gender studies; gender; Wahrnehmung; Risiko; Gender; risk; Bedrohung; Stadt; USA; woman; town; Geschlechterforschung; Feminismus; terrorism; feminism; threat; Terrorismus; United States of America; urban space; hazards
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Mediating the female terrorist: Patricia Hearst and the containment of the feminist terrorist threat in the United States in the 1970s
Titelübersetzung:Die Medialisierung des weiblichen Terroristen: Patricia Hearst und die Eindämmung der feministischen terroristischen Bedrohung in den USA in den 1970er Jahren
Autor/in:
Third, Amanda
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 150-175
Inhalt: In January 1976, the trial of Patricia Campbell Hearst caused a Western media sensation. Representing the culmination of her spectacular kidnapping and conversion to the terrorist cause of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), Hearst was on trial for her participation in the Hibernia National Bank robbery almost two years earlier. As of the commencement of the trial, the story of the heiress-come-female-terrorist had been captivating Western media audiences for two years. This article analyses the ways that mainstream media coverage of this event operated to contain both the threat of this particular female terrorist, and the threat of second-wave feminism more broadly. Within Western culture, there has historically been a concern with the need to regulate the mainstream media’s coverage of terrorist events. In this line of thinking, the mainstream media are a precondition for, and a potential site of the contagion of, terrorism. However, as I demonstrate, ultimately, mainstream media coverage of terrorist events in which women are key protagonists operates to recuperate the threat of terrorism. In doing so, it reproduces and reasserts dominant patriarchal gender relations and thus works in the interests of dominant culture, rather than against them.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; gender; Mediatisierung; Berichterstattung; Gender; Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; USA; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; political violence; terrorism; feminism; mediatization; reporting; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; United States of America; mass media; Patty Hearst; second-wave feminism
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung