Wirkungen des Elterngelds auf Einkommen und Fertilität
Titelübersetzung:Effects of the new German parental leave benefit on income and fertility
Autor/in:
Bujard, Martin; Passet, Jasmin
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung : Beiträge zu Haushalt, Verwandtschaft und Lebenslauf, Jg. 25 (2013) H. 2, S. 212-237
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag analysiert die Wirkungen des 2007 eingeführten deutschen Elterngelds auf das Haushaltseinkommen und die Fertilität. Bei der Analyse werden SOEP- und Mikrozensus-Daten kombiniert, um sowohl ereignisanalytische Techniken anzuwenden (SOEP), als auch differenzielle Analysen basierend auf hohen Fallzahlen vorzunehmen (Mikrozensus). Es wird gezeigt, dass sich im Durchschnitt das Einkommen von Familien mit Babys etwas erhöht hat, wobei sich dahinter ein erheblicher Anstieg bei Akademikereltern verbirgt. Mit diesen Einkommensbefunden korrespondieren die Fertilitätsergebnisse: Bei den multivariaten Analysen zum Übergang zum zweiten Kind zeigt sich für die Gesamtbevölkerung kein Reformeffekt. Allerdings verbergen sich hinter der Gesamtbetrachtung gruppenspezifische Effekte. Die Mikrozensus-Analysen zeigen, dass die altersspezifischen Fertilitätsraten bei 35- bis 44-jährigen Akademikerinnen angestiegen sind, auch in der Ereignisanalyse zeigt sich ein signifikanter Interaktionseffekt für die Elterngeldreform und dieses Alter. Beides deutet darauf hin, dass das Elterngeld den Recuperationeffekt - das Nachholen aufgeschobener Geburten - von hochqualifizierten Frauen ab Mitte 30 verstärkt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article analyses the effects of the German parental leave benefit, which was introduced in 2007, on household income and fertility. The analysis combines SOEP and German Micro Census data in order to apply techniques based on event history analysis (SOEP) as well as differential analyses based on a high number of cases (Micro Census). It is argued that on average, the income situation of families with babies has slightly improved, but this is due to a considerable raise for highly-educated parents. The results for fertility correspond to these income effects: The multivariate analyses for the transition to the second child show no reform effect regarding the total population. However, there are interesting group-specific effects. Age-specific fertility rates, which are based on Micro Census data, are increasing among 35- to 44-year-old highly-educated women. In addition, the event history analysis shows a significant effect for the interaction of reform and this age group. Both suggest that the parental leave benefit has an effect on recuperation among highly-educated women who are at least in their mid-thirties." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the first "NO"
Autor/in:
Philipov, Dimiter
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 201-216
Inhalt: "This paper takes the 'no' side in the debate on the question posed in the title.
The paper assumes that the dual-earner/ dual-carer household model is the most likely
aim of policies that push aggressively for gender equality in order to raise fertility.
Five objections are discussed: the model does not necessarily lead to a fertility
increase; aggressiveness will lead to an imbalance of labor supply and demand, and
is likely to confront slowly changing cultural norms; similar policies will also confront
the issue of innate gender differences; and country idiosyncrasies prevent the application
of a unified policy approach. The paper briefly concludes that compatible gender-neutral
family policies and fertility-neutral gender policies are likely to lead to an increase
in fertility." (author's abstract)|
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the second "YES"
Autor/in:
Oláh, Livia Sz.
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 217-224
Inhalt: "This paper is based on the authoress's contribution to a debate, organized by MPIDR,
on the question displayed in the title above. She was asked to present arguments for
the 'yes'-response (together with Laurent Toulemon, and arguing against the 'no'-side
represented by Gerda Neyer and Dimiter Philipov). As pointed out in the paper, the
most important theoretical reasoning relevant for this question is the gender equity
theory. A number of studies provide sound empirical support to it, as discussed in
the paper in details, and thereby also a rationale for a positive impact of increased
gender equality on fertility. As the dual-earner family is here to stay, and given
the well-known negative consequences of long-term very low fertility for a society,
pushing for gender equality seems to be a reasonable strategy to be considered aiming
for sustainable societal development." (author's abstract)|
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the first "NO"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : die Antwort ist "nein"
Autor/in:
Philipov, Dimiter
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 201-216
Inhalt: "This paper takes the 'no' side in the debate on the question posed in the title. The paper assumes that the dual-earner/ dual-carer household model is the most likely aim of policies that push aggressively for gender equality in order to raise fertility. Five objections are discussed: the model does not necessarily lead to a fertility increase; aggressiveness will lead to an imbalance of labor supply and demand, and is likely to confront slowly changing cultural norms; similar policies will also confront the issue of innate gender differences; and country idiosyncrasies prevent the application of a unified policy approach. The paper briefly concludes that compatible gender-neutral family policies and fertility-neutral gender policies are likely to lead to an increase in fertility." (author's abstract)
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the second "YES"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : das zweite "Ja"
Autor/in:
Oláh, Livia Sz.
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 217-224
Inhalt: "This paper is based on the authoress's contribution to a debate, organized by MPIDR, on the question displayed in the title above. She was asked to present arguments for the 'yes'-response (together with Laurent Toulemon, and arguing against the 'no'-side represented by Gerda Neyer and Dimiter Philipov). As pointed out in the paper, the most important theoretical reasoning relevant for this question is the gender equity theory. A number of studies provide sound empirical support to it, as discussed in the paper in details, and thereby also a rationale for a positive impact of increased gender equality on fertility. As the dual-earner family is here to stay, and given the well-known negative consequences of long-term very low fertility for a society, pushing for gender equality seems to be a reasonable strategy to be considered aiming for sustainable societal development." (author's abstract)
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the second "NO"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : das zweite "Nein"
Autor/in:
Neyer, Gerda
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 225-250
Inhalt: "This paper argues against the suggestion that governments should push for gender equality more aggressively in order to raise fertility. The paper presents a threefold 'no' to this proposal. It takes issue with the goal of raising fertility, arguing that the claims that fertility must be increased are based on myths. It rejects a more aggressive pursuit of gender equality for demographic purposes, maintaining that this method preserves inequality. It warns against using gender equality for fertility purposes, stating that this narrows the realm of gender equality. The paper is based on a debate held at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, at which the author was asked to argue against the gender equality-fertility proposal. The other participants in the debate were Laurent Toulemon ('yes'), Dimiter Philipov ('no'), and Livia Oláh ('yes')." (author's abstract)
Titelübersetzung:Demography policy : organize or administer?
Autor/in:
Mayer, Tilman
Quelle: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte : Beilage zur Wochenzeitung Das Parlament, (2011) H. 10/11, S. 11-18
Inhalt: "Im November 2009 beschloss die Bundesregierung die Ausarbeitung einer Demografiestrategie. Dieser Schritt kann jedoch nur ein Anfang sein. Wünschenswert wäre es, wenn die Aufgaben, die jetzt noch auf viele Ministerien verteilt sind, in einem eigenen Demografieministerium koordiniert würden." (Autorenreferat)
Familienpolitik ohne Gleichstellungspolitik? : zu einigen Paradoxien aktueller familienpolitischer Interventionen in Deutschland
Titelübersetzung:Family policies in conflict with gender equality? : reflections on paradox performances in the recent reform processes in Germany
Autor/in:
Veil, Mechthild
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 28 (2010) Nr. 2, S. 214-228
Inhalt: "This article analyses the lack of gender equality within the realm of family policies in Germany due to the conservative corporate model of welfare-regime (Esping Andersen). Family policies in western Germany have promoted strong male breadwinner models which will become obsolete but [always] still persist. We argue that the recent turn in family policies which started at the beginning of this century can be seen as a late modernisation focussing on reforms which connect family policies with employment policy, and gender equality with the demands of employed parents. Two reforms, representative for this change are analysed in detail: the programme to significantly expand (of) publicly-provided childcare for young children (TAG) and the introduction of an earning-related parental benefit which strengthens the role of fathers as caregivers. Special attention is given to the expansion of family policies at the company level. Whether this 'economic turn' is actually having an additional impact on gender equality is highly disputed in feminist studies." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Elternzeit und -geld als familienpolitische Instrumente : Entwicklung, Zielsetzung und empirische Befunde aus deutschen Unternehmen
Titelübersetzung:Parental leave and parental pay as family policy instruments : development, goals and empirical results from German companies
Autor/in:
Gerlach, Irene; Schneider, Helmut; Juncke, David
Quelle: Sozialer Fortschritt : unabhängige Zeitschrift für Sozialpolitik, Jg. 58 (2009) H. 12, S. 273-282
Inhalt: "Die familienpolitischen Instrumente Elternzeit und Elterngeld betreffen sowohl Arbeitgeber als auch Arbeitnehmer mit Kindern bzw. mit Kinderwunsch. Einleitend werden Entwicklung und Zielsetzung sowie empirische Befunde zu Elternzeit und Elterngeld dargestellt. Theoriegeleitet wird anschließend gezeigt, dass Arbeitgeber wie Arbeitnehmer ein spezifisches Interesse an einer möglichst kurzen Elternzeitdauer sowie an einer Rückkehr in dasselbe Unternehmen haben. Auf Basis einer eigenen empirischen Erhebung (n=1.001) kann gezeigt werden, dass sowohl der Informationsstand von Personalverantwortlichen, als auch das betriebliche Familienbewusstsein und das Qualifikationsniveau der Beschäftigten statistisch signifikant positive Effekte auf Elternzeitdauer bzw. Rückkehrquote ausüben. Der Einfluss des kommunalen Betreuungsangebots wirkt sich hingegen nur in den alten Bundesländern signifikant positiv aus." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Family policy instruments, such as parental leave and parental pay, concern both employers and employees with children or those who desire children. After describing the development of parental pay, the results of various empirical studies are revealed in order to discuss attitudes towards parental leave and parental pay as well as their utilization. Drawing on relevant theories, this article shows that both employers and employees have a specific interest in, firstly, parental leave that is a short as possible and, secondly, a return to the same company. On the basis of our own empirical study (n=1.001) it is shown that the recruiter's level of information and the firm's 'family awareness' as well as the qualification level of employees have statistically significant positive effects on the period of parental leave and on return rates. Statistically significant positive effects caused by the local childcare supply can be identified in the states of western Germany only." (author's abstract)
Familienpolitik und Geschlechterkultur : Frankreich zwischen Emanzipation und Traditionalisierung
Titelübersetzung:French gender relations : family policy in France between emancipation and traditionalization
Autor/in:
Beckmann, Sabine; Ehnis, Patrick
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 1 (2009) H. 1, S. 28-45
Inhalt: "Im Zusammenhang mit einer fördernden Fallen- und Sozialpolitik haben sich die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen in Frankreich und damit das Geschlechterverhältnis maßgeblich verändert. Inwieweit sich im Kontext familienpolitischer Rahmenbedingungen und geschlechterkultureller Faktoren auch Veränderungen der geschlechtlichen Verteilung von Haus- und Familienarbeit und der Rolle von Männern ergeben haben, ist Ausgangslage des vorliegenden Beitrags. Sie soll behandelt werden, indem die Entwicklung der Familienpolitik mit einem besonderen Fokus auf Männlichkeit nachvollzogen wird, Daten zur familialen Arbeitsteilung betrachtet und geschlechterkulturelle Veränderungen im Hinblick auf das Männlichkeitsbild einbezogen werden. Die Analyse des Geschlechterregimes in Frankreich zeigt, dass sich auf der einen Seite soziale Dimensionen mit Genderdimensionen von Familienpolitik koppeln und Insbesondere zu einer Arbeitsmarktverdrängung von sozial schlechter gestellten Frauen führen können, dass es auf der anderen Seite aber gerade auch das traditionellen Männlichkeitsbild ist, das das Geschlechterregime in Frankreich und die geschlechtliche Arbeitsteilung prägt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In France, women's labour market participation has increased and the gender relations have altered, supported by family and social policy. This paper focuses on modifications of the gendered division of unpaid work and of men's attitudes and values within the context of policy frameworks and gender cultural dimensions. Firstly, the development of family policy in France will be highlighted, with a focus on masculinity. Secondly, we analyse the gender regime of France by incorporating gender cultural dimensions of masculinity and by using data on the division of domestic work. Our results show on the one hand that social and gender dimensions of French family policy encourage socially disadvantaged women to withdraw from the labour market, and on the other hand the impact of traditional masculinity on the gender regime in France and on the gendered division of work." (author's abstract)