Ingenieurlücke in Deutschland : Ausmaß, Wertschöpfungsverluste und Strategien
Titelübersetzung:Engineer gap in Germany : extent, value added losses and strategies
Herausgeber/in:
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V. -VDI-; Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln e.V.
Quelle: Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V. -VDI-; Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln e.V.; Köln, 2008. 31 S.
Inhalt: Die Studie quantifiziert die Ingenieurlücke für das Jahr 2007 und beziffert deren gesamtwirtschaftliche Folgen. Außerdem wird analysiert, mit welchen Strategien technologieorientierte Unternehmen auf den Fachkräfteengpass reagieren, und welche Maßnahmen sie sich von der Politik im Umgang mit diesem wünschen. Bereits seit dem Jahr 2005 herrscht auf dem Arbeitsmarkt für Ingenieure ein Engpass, der sich seither kontinuierlich verstärkt hat. Im Durchschnitt des Jahres 2007 standen einer gesamtwirtschaftlichen Ingenieurnachfrage in Form von rund 94400 offenen Ingenieurstellen ein gesamtwirtschaftliches Ingenieurangebot von nur noch knapp 24800 arbeitslos gemeldeten Personen gegenüber, so dass eine Lücke von etwa 69600 Ingenieuren bestand. Im Vergleich zum Vorjahr ist die Ingenieurlücke damit um etwa 44 Prozent angewachsen. Diese Lücke hat die Unternehmen im Jahr 2007 vor gravierende Probleme gestellt: Zahlreiche Unternehmen konnten Stellen gar nicht oder erst mit Verzögerung besetzen und mussten in der Folge Aufträge absagen und waren mit substantiellen Verzögerungen oder überproportionalen Kostensteigerungen - etwa durch den Zukauf von Überstunden - konfrontiert. Als unmittelbare Konsequenz der Ingenieurlücke entging den Unternehmen und mithin der deutschen Volkswirtschaft im letzten Jahr Wertschöpfung in Höhe von mindestens 7,2 Milliarden Euro. Die wichtigste Gegenmaßnahme gegen die Ingenieurengpässe auf Ebene der Unternehmen sind gezielte Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen der bereits vorhandenen Mitarbeiter. Fast jedes zweite Unternehmen stellt gezielt ältere Ingenieure ein. Zudem wird auf eine Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie gesetzt sowie auf höhere Gehälter. Von der Politik wünschen sich die Unternehmen eine Bildungspolitik, die technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht an den allgemeinbildenden Schulen fördert, die Einführung von Ingenieurstipendien und eine generelle Verbesserung der Ausstattung ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Hochschuleinrichtungen. Außerdem wird für eine Einwanderungspolitik plädiert, die die Einwanderung ausländischer Ingenieure erleichtert. (IAB)
Building careers, transforming institutions : underrepresented women and minorities, leadership opportunities, and interinstitutional networking
Autor/in:
Niemeier, D.A.; Smith, Vicki
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 2, S. 181-196
Inhalt: "Transforming universities does not occur exclusively as a result of the actions of current university leaders but additionally requires the collective efforts of women who are interested in mobility and opportunity for women across the board, and who are committed to changing the broad work environment for women in the academy. In engineering, the representation of women in mid-career and senior-level faculty positions remains very low, with even fewer women assuming leadership positions such as department chair or research center director. In this article, we examine outcomes of the National Science Foundation sponsored 1st Women in Engineering Leadership Conference in the fall of 2000. The conference was designed to enable women engineers to develop the types of network that can facilitate transition to leadership positions. With an analysis of data gathered from surveys at three points in time, we track the issues that were salient to women who were considering leadership roles (both obstacles to and aspirations for); identify the benefits accrued from participation in the conference and from subsequent networking activities; and propose future interventions that may enhance and promote interinstitutional networking." (author's abstract)
The benefits of mentoring for engineering students
Autor/in:
Wallace, Jean E.; Haines, Valerie A.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 377-391
Inhalt: "The authors examined the benefits of mentoring for female and male engineering students and whether the benefits of mentoring differ depending on the sex of the mentor. Kram's framework of career development, psychosocial, and role-modeling functions was used to examine the benefits of mentoring for 1,069 engineering students. It was found that students with mentors were more socially integrated into their academic programs than students without mentors and that male mentors were more effective in this function than female mentors. Few students reported psychosocial benefits from being mentored, although female proteges reported more if they had female mentors. An unexpected finding for the role-modeling benefits was that mentored students reported less commitment to engineering careers than students without mentors. The authors close with a discussion of the implications of these findings and suggestions for future research in this area." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Mentoring und Training, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Recruiting female faculty members in science and engineering : preliminary evaluation of one intervention model
Autor/in:
Stewart, Abigail J.; LaVaque-Manty, Danielle; Malley, Janet E.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 361-375
Inhalt: "The representation of female faculty members in science and engineering fields lags behind that of their counterparts in the social sciences and humanities and also fails to keep pace with the production of female science and engineering doctorates. Research has shown that equity cannot be achieved by waiting for women to fill the applicant pool; instead, institutions must intervene by changing hiring practices and retention policies. This article describes and evaluates early results of one intervention at the University of Michigan: the creation of a faculty committee designed to improve the recruitment and hiring of female faculty members through peer education. One hiring cycle after the committee's creation, the authors found (a) reports of changed practices in some search committees and departments, (b) an increase in the number and proportion of new hires who were women, and (c) a substantial increase in the knowledge and motivation of the members of the recruitment committee with respect to improving the climate for female faculty members." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Third European Report on Science & Technology Indicators, Chapter V : Encouraging Women into S&T
Herausgeber/in:
Europäische Kommission
Quelle: Europäische Kommission; Brüssel, 2003.
Schlagwörter:Europa; Ingenieurwissenschaft; Frauenforschung; Quantität; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Statistik und statistische Daten, Europa und Internationales
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Intending to stay : images of scientists, attitudes toward women, and gender as influences on persistence among science and engineering majors
Autor/in:
Wyer, Mary
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 1, S. 1-16
Inhalt: "Contemporary research on gender and persistence in undergraduate education in science and engineering has routinely focused on why students leave their majors rather than asking why students stay. This study compared three common ways of measuring persistence-commitment to major, degree aspirations, and commitment to a science or engineering career-and emphasized factors that would encourage students to persist, including positive images of scientists and engineers, positive attitudes toward gender equity in science and engineering, and positive classroom experiences. A survey was administered in classrooms to a total of 285 female and male students enrolled in two required courses for majors. The results indicate that the different measures of persistence were sensitive to different influences but that students' gender did not interact with their images, attitudes, and experiences in predicted ways. The study concludes that an individual student's gender may be a more important factor in explaining why some female students leave their science and engineering majors than in explaining why others stay." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
An account of women's progress in engineering : a social cognitive perspective
Autor/in:
Vogt, Christina
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 3-4, S. 217-238
Inhalt: "Traditionally, women were not welcome in higher education, especially in male-dominated fields. Undoubtedly, women have dramatically increased their enrollments in many once male-only fields, such as law, medicine, and several of the sciences; nevertheless, engineering remains a field where women continue to be underrepresented. This has often been attributed to social barriers in engineering classrooms. However, a new turn of events has been reported: Young women entering engineering may receive higher grades and have a greater tendency to remain than men. To examine what has recently changed, the author applied Bandura's triadic model of reciprocity between environment, self, and behavior. The measured variables included academic integration or discrimination, self-measures of academic self-confidence, engineering self-efficacy, and behaviors taken to self-regulate learning: critical thinking, effort, peer learning, and help seeking. The data revealed that women apply slightly more effort and have slightly less self-efficacy than men. Their academic confidence is nearly equal in almost all areas. Most significantly, many previous gender biases appear diminished, and those that do exist are slight. However, it is recommended that continued efforts be undertaken to attract and retain women in engineering programs." (author's abstract)
Female engineering faculty at U.S. institutions : a data profile
Herausgeber/in:
National Research Council -NRC- Committee on Women in Science and Engineering -CWSE-
Quelle: National Research Council -NRC- Committee on Women in Science and Engineering -CWSE-; Washington, 2001. 56 S.
Inhalt: Several federal agencies asked the National Research Council to document the participation of women engineers in academic institutions within the United States by creating a directory that can be used to announce programs and other formal communications. In response, the NRC compiled a list of approximately 1,300 women faculty in engineering departments in the United States and conducted a survey to gather additional information about their status and careers. This resulting databook provides information on the race/ethnicity, degrees held, employment history, primary work activities, and tenure status of the nearly 800 women faculty members who completed the survey. In addition, it summarizes their responses to questions about experiences with mentoring, factors contributing to career decisions, and satisfaction with current employment.