Widening paths to success, improving the environment, and moving toward lessons learned from the experiences of Powre and CBL awardees
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; Daniels, Jane Z.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 2, S. 131-148
Inhalt: "To better understand the barriers and discouragements encountered by female faculty members in science and engineering, this article compares the experience of National Science Foundation-funded Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education (POWRE) awardees and Clare Boothe Luce (CBL) Professorship recipients. Because most POWRE awardees work at research institutions, and many CBL professors teach at small liberal arts colleges, this study helps in understanding the experiences of female faculty members across a broad spectrum of academic settings. Their experiences suggest positive changes in institutional policies or practices to increase the satisfaction, retention, and success of female faculty members infields in which they are the least well represented. The retention of female faculty members becomes critical for attracting undergraduate students as they consider the wisdom of choosing careers in academia." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 297-316
Inhalt: "This article presents quantitative results of a study of 139 academic women in the chemical sciences who participated in a professional development program sponsored by the Committee on the Advancement of Women Chemists. The study investigated variables frequently examined in the vocational psychology of women: approaches to achievement, coping strategies, career advancement, the home-work interface, workplace climate, and mentoring. The article presents and discusses results in the context of unique issues faced by women in scientific careers." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Image problems deplete the number of women in academic applicant pools
Autor/in:
Sears, Anna L.W.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 2, S. 169-181
Inhalt: "Despite near numeric parity in graduate schools, women and men in science and mathematics may not perceive the same opportunities for career success. Instead, female doctoral students' career ambitions may often be influenced by perceptions of irreconcilable conflicts between personal and academic goals. This article reports the results of a career goals survey of math and science doctoral students at the University of California, Davis. Fewer women than men began their doctoral programs seeking academic research careers. Of those who initially favored academic research, twice as many women as men downgraded these ambitions during graduate school. Women were more likely to feel geographically constrained by family ties and to express concern about balancing work and family, long work hours, and tenure clock inflexibility. These results partially explain why the percentage of women in academic applicant pools is often well below the number of Ph.D. recipients. The current barriers to gender equity thus cannot be completely ameliorated by increasing the number of women in the pipeline or by altered hiring practices, but changes must be undertaken to make academic research careers more flexible, family friendly, and attractive to women." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Hispanic students majoring in science or engineering : what happened in their educational journeys?
Autor/in:
Wightman Brown, Susan
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 2, S. 123-148
Inhalt: "National statistics clearly demonstrate an under representation of minorities and women in the fields of science and engineering. Using Seidman's in-depth interviewing method, 22 Hispanic students, 12 female and 10 male, who were majoring in science or engineering were interviewed. These students were observed in their college science or engineering classes, their high school and college transcripts were analyzed, and they participated in a focus group. What made a difference in the educational journeys of these 22 students so that they could succeed - majors that have historically discouraged female and minority students? Seven themes emerged: family support, an honors program, a challenging and interactive curriculum, college preparation in high school courses, caring and kind teachers, small class sizes, and small communities. Educators must take note of these themes, which made a lasting difference in the students' futures, enabling them to choose science or engineering as their fields of study." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The "pretty redhead" who changed science education
Autor/in:
Moore, Randy
Quelle: Journal of college science teaching, Vol. 31 (2001) No. 3, S. 194-196
Inhalt: "The article discusses the historical marginalization of women with claims that they
are neither fit for nor interested in careers in science; describes two cases of the
media depiction of a successful female scientist and a high school biology teacher
who was involved in the challenge to Arkansas' antievolution laws." (author's abstract)|
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|