Ein klarer innerer Trieb zur Wissenschaft : Pionierinnen in Agrarstudium und Agrarforschung
Titelübersetzung:A strong studious bent : women pioneers in agricultural science and research
Autor/in:
Schmitt, Mathilde
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie, Jg. 56 (2008) H. 1, S. 49-63
Inhalt: Seit deutsche Universitäten zu Beginn der 1920er Jahren Frauen ihre Tore öffneten, haben sich Frauen im Studiengang Agrarwissenschaften immatrikuliert. Der Zahl der Studentinnen stieg im 20. Jahrhundert kontinuierlich an, ihr Anteil liegt heute bei fast 50%. Einen Doktortitel strebten Frauen jedoch ersten seit den 1970er Jahren an. Die ausgeprägte Inter- und Transdisziplinarität der Agrarwissenschaften unterstützte die Professionalisierung der Frauen. An einer Agrarhochschule konnten sie nicht nur in Agrarwissenschaften, sondern auch in Naturwissenschaften, Recht oder Wirtschaftswissenschaften promovieren. Anhand biographischer Beispiele zeichnet der Beitrag weibliche Erfolgsgeschichten nach, er macht aber auch die Barrieren und Diskriminierungen deutlich, die überwunden werden mussten. (ICEÜbers)
Inhalt: "Since German universities opened their doors to female students in the beginning of the 20th century, women have been seizing the opportunity to matriculate in agricultural science. The number of female students has increased continuously during the century; their percentage has almost reached 50 per cent nowadays. Not until the 1970s, however, women more obviously pursued a doctoral degree. The pronounced inter- and transdisciplinarity of the agricultural sciences supported women's professionalization. Not only with a degree in agricultural science, but also in natural science, law or economy did they have the opportunity to work and earn a doctorate at an agricultural university. Sketching a few biographies, the article shows women's stories of success but also their experienced discrimination and obstacles they had to overcome." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 353-360
Inhalt: "To examine how an author's gender influences his or her research output, the authors analyzed (not simply scored) more than 900 published articles in nine leading scientific journals in the field of evolutionary ecology. Women were strongly underrepresented in all countries, but this bias is decreasing. Men and women differed significantly in their fields of research, with women preferentially conducting projects on behavior rather than evolution or ecology. Most aspects of the structure of published articles and the level of conceptual generality were unaffected by an author's gender. Because discriminatory practices by reviewers and editors can be manifested in attributes of the articles that survive the review process, the latter result suggests a lack of gender-based discrimination during the review process. Gender differences in research output presumably reflect a complex array of genetic and social influences; a clearer understanding of these causal factors may help identify (and thus reduce) gender-based discrimination." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Science Scope, Vol. 24 (2001) No. 8, S. 49-51
Inhalt: "This article points out the challenges female scientists have in obtaining recognition and discusses why the percentage of women in science is low; explains how teachers can help." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The origins of sex differences in science
Autor/in:
Long, J. Scott
Quelle: Social forces : an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society, Vol. 68 (1990) No. 4, S. 1297-1315
Inhalt: "The sociology of science has clearly established the presence of sex differences in scientific productivity and position. This article examines the processes leading to the lower productivity of female scientists at the completion of their doctoral training. Collaboration with the mentor is found to be the most important factor affecting productivity. For females, opportunities for collaboration are significantly decreased by having young children. As a consequence, the presence of young children has an adverse, indirect effect on the productivity of female scientists during graduate study. This effect does not exist for males. In addition to differences in the process of collaboration, many small differences that disadvantage women and advantage men are found in the levels of resources affecting productivity and in the mechanisms by which resources are translated into productivity. The concentration of small disadvantages provides a further explanation of sex differences in productivity at the start of the career. Since early advantages and disadvantages have been found to accumulate, this article provides an essential first step in understanding sex differences in scientific productivity and position that emerge during the career." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Black women professor - white university
Autor/in:
McKay, Nellie
Quelle: Women's studies international forum, Vol. 6 (1983) No. 2, S. 143-147
Inhalt: "Black people, as a group, have been the victims of exclusion in almost all areas of the dominant American cultural life. Black women, in particular, have suffered because of race and sex. The result of these oppressions has been a general cultural silence and invisibility of all black people. Challenges to the racial status quo reached momentous dimensions in the 1960s, the era of the black revolution, and touched all areas of the national life in the U.S.A. However, when the smoke cleared, black women discovered that despite their efforts in the struggle, few of them reaped rewards. In the wake of the women's liberation movement that followed, the general consensus among women of color was that black meant black men and women meant white women. This is an unsatisfactory state of affairs, and one which black women have vowed to fight against. The university is one of the arenas for this confrontation. This paper looks at the experiences of one black woman in a prestigious Midwestern university and documents the nature of her experiences as a double minority. She voices the opinion that black women intend to struggle on to their rightful places in the academy. They can't go back, and they aim to stay." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Frauenstudien, Frauenforschung und Frauenforschungszentren in den USA : Neuere Entwicklungen
Autor/in:
Schöpp-Schilling, Hanna-Beate
Quelle: Neue Sammlung : Vierteljahres-Zeitschrift für Erziehung und Gesellschaft, Jg. 18 (1978) H. 2, S. 158-173
Inhalt: Die Autorin berichtet von neueren Entwicklungen der Frauenforschung in den USA. Qualifizierte Frauen im Bildungs- und Wissenschaftsbereich streben an - unterstützt von einer Reihe von Frauenforschungszentren -, einzelne Wissenschaftsdisziplinen quantitativ und qualitativ zu verändern. Es werden drei Entwicklungsstränge beschrieben, "die in den letzten 20 Jahren zu einer Erweiterung und grundsätzlichen Veränderung des Bildungs- und Wissensstandes von und über Frauen beigetragen haben": die "Continuing Education"-Bewegung, die "Women's Studies"- Bewegung und die "Women's Research and Resource Centers". Der Aufsatz wird abgeschlossen durch Überlegungen zur Perspektive der vorgestellten Modelle - sowohl für die USA als auch für die BRD. (CK)
Schlagwörter:Nordamerika; USA; Frauenbewegung; Ausbildung; Rolle; Bildungsniveau; Bildungspolitik; Studiengang; Diskriminierung; Modell
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Studium und Studierende, Wissenschaft als Beruf