Mind the gap - women's and men's quality of work and employment : background paper ; EESC/Labour Market Observatory meeting on 'women's access to the labour market', 29 April 2008
Titelübersetzung:Achten Sie auf die Lücke : geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede hinsichtlich Arbeitsqualität und Beschäftigung
Autor/in:
Jurczak, Kasia; Hurley, John
Quelle: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; Dublin, 2008. 12 S.
Inhalt: "Gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the research conducted by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. When labour market participation, working conditions and the resulting labour market outcomes are analysed, the difference in the situation of women and men is evident. This report highlights the main issues concerning women's situation in the labour market and indicate where the principal barriers to women's labour market participation lie." (author's abstract). Contents: Increasing entry of women into labour market: Sectoral concentration. Men's jobs - women's jobs: a world apart? Breaking the glass ceiling? Flexibility for some, security for others. Mind the pay gap. Work-life balance. Social partner actions. Conclusions.
The gender pay gap - origins and policy responses : a comparative review of 30 European countries
Titelübersetzung:Der Lohnunterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern : Ursachen und politische Erwiderungen ; ein Vergleich von dreißig europäischen Ländern
Autor/in:
Plantenga, Janneke; Remery, Chantal
Quelle: Generaldirektion Beschäftigung, Soziales und Integration Expertengruppe Geschlechtergleichstellung, soziale Integration und Beschäftigung, Europäische Kommission; Luxembourg: Amt f. amtl. Veröff. d. Europ. Gemeinschaften, 2006. 62 S.
Inhalt: "Reducing the gender pay gap is an important topic on the European political agenda. Since 1999 it has been part of the European Employment Strategy and policy efforts have intensified over the years. In 2003 member states were called on to formulate targets in this respect in order 'to achieve by 2010 a substantial reduction in the gender pay gap in each Member State through a multi-faceted approach addressing the underlying factors of the gender pay gap including sectoral and occupational segregation, education and training, job classifications and pay systems, awareness raising and transparency'. This report addresses the gender pay gap. Data will be provided on the extent and the development of the gender pay gap for 25 EU member states. In addition, the report contains information from three EEA countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and two candidate countries, Bulgaria and Romania. In particular the report focuses on how public policies try to reduce wage differences between women and men." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Europäisches Gewerkschaftsinstitut; Brüssel: ETUI, 2001. 345 S.
Inhalt: In seinen Richtlinien für die Nationalen Aktionspläne für Beschäftigung 1999 hat die EU-Kommission das Konzept des "Gender Mainstreaming" eingeführt, demzufolge die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter Teil jeder Beschäftigungspolitik im Bereich der vier Säulen dieser Strategie sein muss. Hiermit wird das anspruchsvolle Ziel verfolgt, im Bereich der Arbeit vollständige Gleichheit zwischen Frauen und Männern herzustellen, sei es auf dem Arbeitsmarkt oder zu Hause. Die nationalstaatlichen Beschäftigungs- und Sozialsysteme der EU-Staaten werden damit mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert, die je nach den Geschlechterverhältnissen und geltenden Regelungen unterschiedlich sind. In diesem Kontext werden Beiträge zu folgenden Themen vorgelegt: 1. Ansätze der Gleichberechtigungspolitik im Beschäftigungssystem in den letzten zwanzig Jahren; 2. Evaluation der Wirkung dieser Ansätze; 3. Veränderungen der geschlechtsspezifischen Erwerbsquoten und Auswirkungen auf die häusliche Arbeitsteilung; 4. Anwendung des Gender Mainstreaming-Konzepts; 5. Auswirkungen der EU-Politik zum Gender Mainstreaming in den Mitgliedstaaten. (ICEÜbers)
Inhalt: "In its guidelines for the 1999 National Action Plans on Employment, EU-Commission introduced the concept of 'gender mainstreaming', according to which equality between the sexes must be a component of every employment policy conducted under all four pillars of the strategy. The extremely ambitions goal pursued by this gender mainstreaming approach is to achieve full equality between women and men in relation to work, both on the formal labour market and in the home. As such, it confronts the different national welfare and employment systems of the EU member states with a range of challenges that vary depending on the specific gender arrangements and contracts in place in each country. This book gathers together expert contributions to the debate on these issues, covering developments in a range of countries. The following are some of the aspects examined: the main approaches to equal opportunities policy in the employment sphere implemented in the last twenty years; an evaluation of the impact of such policies; changes in gendered labour markett participation rates and the impact on the division of labour in the home; application rates and the impact on the division of labour in the home; application of the concept of gender mainstreeaming under the different quidelines; the impact of the EU's emphasis on gender mainstreaming in the countries concerned." (author's abstract)