Women's political participation in Indonesia: decentralisation, money politics and collective memory in Bali
Autor/in:
Rhoads, Elizabeth
Quelle: Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 31 (2012) 2, S 35-56
Inhalt: This article contends that cultural, political and historical factors create a local
political environment where de facto discrimination against women is the norm. Without
thoroughly addressing and altering the underlying issues causing discrimination against
women in politics, a weak quota system will not immediately lead to increased women’s
participation in Bali. This paper argues that the leading factors contributing to
low levels of Balinese women’s participation include widespread money politics, the
revitalisation of customary institutions and local identities through decentralisation,
and the collective memory of the violent dissolution of the Indonesian Women’s Movement
(Gerwani) in 1965–66.
Schlagwörter:Frauenbewegung; discrimination; Südostasien; politischer Wandel; Menschenrechte; political change; human rights; Indonesien; Diskriminierung; Indonesia; woman; political participation; Southeast Asia; gender-specific factors; women's movement; politische Partizipation; Bali; 1960-2010
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Die Krise der nationalen Meistererzählungen: ein Plädoyer für plurale, interdependente Narrative
Titelübersetzung:The crisis of the national master narratives: a plea for plural, interdependent narratives
Autor/in:
Jarausch, Konrad H.
Quelle: Historical Social Research, Supplement, (2012) 24, S 273-291
Inhalt: "With the concept of a 'master narrative', the cultural turn prodded contemporary historians to become more self-reflexive about their contribution to larger interpretations. Taking a critical look at the dominant explanations of the German past, this essay argues that the national narrative failed with the atrocities of World War Two, while the communist story was discredited by the overthrow of the SED-regime. But West German Gesellschaftsgeschichte also appeared increasingly outdated, since it was reluctant to admit new impulses like everyday history. However, the rising pretenders to grand narrative status were only partially successful, since the Holocaust fixation could not explain post-war recivilization, gender history provided only a partial view, Europeanization tended to legitimize the EU and global history was too encompassing to explain the German past. Instead of narrowing into another master narrative, the new plurality should be seen as an opportunity for a multi-vocal approach to the past, that ought to analyze how of multiple stories are entangled." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Geschichtswissenschaft; science of history; Erzählung; narrative; politische Geschichte; political history; Essay; essay; Sozialgeschichte; social history; Gesellschaft; society; Judenverfolgung; persecution of Jews; Nation; nation; Deutschland; Germany; Nationalstaat; nation state; Narration; narration; Paradigmenwechsel; paradigm change; Pluralismus; pluralism; Krise; crisis; Kritik; criticism; Erklärung; explanation; Cultural Turn; cultural turn
SSOAR Kategorie:allgemeine Geschichte, Literaturwissenschaft, Sprachwissenschaft, Linguistik, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
John Higley's work an elite foundations of social theory and politics
Titelübersetzung:Elitetheoretische Grundlagen sozialwissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung und politischer Analyse
Autor/in:
Pakulski, Jan
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 1, S 9-20
Inhalt: "John Higley' s work traverses the boundaries of sociology, history and politics in the best tradition of classical social theory, and it has inspired countless scholars across Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. This inspiration has worked on three fronts: paradigmatic, theoretical and empirical. Higley and his colleagues revived the 'elite paradigm' focusing on top national power-holders, where elites are seen as the key social actors and agents of social and political change. An interest in elite theory was also stimulated by his work, especially with respect to the relationship between the key characteristics of national elites, such as their integration and consensus, and the nature (democratic or otherwise) of political regimes. This theoretical work inspired numerous critical analyses of elite transformations that precipitated the post-WWII 'halcyon years' of stability and growth in Europe and North America, the liberal-democratic transformations in post-communist Europe, as well as the recent turbulences: the financial crisis and a prolonged economic slowdown. The work of Higley and colleagues also continues to inspire a revival of macro-theoretical interests, especially in the European social theory, social-historical research, and theoretically informed political analysis." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:post-socialist country; Western Europe; Elite; Transformation; Eastern Europe; North America; Demokratie; political change; Russland; Marktwirtschaft; consolidation; political regime; post-communist society; Russia; Europa; elite research; Paradigma; Eliteforschung; Nordamerika; Konsolidierung; postsozialistisches Land; paradigm; United States of America; theory of society; Gesellschaftstheorie; transformation; gender; politisches Regime; Europe; politischer Wandel; Grundlagenforschung; basic research; elite; USA; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; market economy; democracy; woman; Theoriebildung; East Central Europe; Ostmitteleuropa; UdSSR-Nachfolgestaat; theory formation; Osteuropa; USSR successor state; Westeuropa
SSOAR Kategorie:Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Rekrutierungsprozesse österreichischer Regierungsmitglieder im Geschlechtervergleich
Titelübersetzung:Recruitment processes of Austrian members of government in a gender comparative perspective
Autor/in:
Schwediauer, Veronika
Quelle: SWS-Rundschau, 52 (2012) 1, S 47-68
Inhalt: "In Rekrutierungsprozessen für politische Spitzenpositionen verdichten sich gesellschaftliche und politische Machtverhältnisse, in die vergeschlechtlichte Strukturen eingelegt sind. Durch eine geschlechtervergleichende Untersuchung von politischen Rekrutierungsprozessen können wichtige Schlüsse über die Ausgestaltung dieser vergeschlechtlichten Machtverhältnisse gezogen werden. Im bisherigen Literaturkorpus zu politischer Rekrutierung (und Geschlecht) fehlt die Perspektivierung von Macht. Bourdieus machtzentrierte Begriffskonzepte des Feldes und des Kapitals stellen wertvolle Werkzeuge dar, um in diese Lücke vorzustoßen und eine geschlechtervergleichende (Macht-)Analyse von Rekrutierungsprozessen zu leisten. In diesem Beitrag werden die verfügbaren Kapitalien und die politischen Karrierewege der österreichischen Regierungsmitglieder von 1966 bis 2006 sowie ihre geschlechtsspezifischen Effekte untersucht." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Political recruitment processes represent products of the societal and political power relations, which bear gendered structures. A gender-comparative analysis of political recruitment processes is apt to uncover these gendered power relations. A theoretical perspective on power is completely absent in the hitherto produced literature on political recruitment (and gender). Bourdieu's power-centered concepts of field and capital are valuable tools to bridge this gap and to endeavor a gender-comparative (power) analysis of recruitment processes. This article investigates the capital forms and the political careers of the Austrian members of government and their gender-specific effects from the time frame of 1966 to 2006." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:politisches System; gender relations; Rekrutierung; network; historische Entwicklung; Austria; vergleichende Politikwissenschaft; power; Österreich; cultural capital; ; Forschungsstand; Regierung; Politikerin; comparative political science; Netzwerk; historical development; Biographie; Sozialpartnerschaft; Bourdieu, P.; gender; social partnership; Macht; Definition; government; Politiker; Karriere; Geschlechterverhältnis; political system; Regierungsmitglied; definition; Bourdieu, P.; politician; recruitment; career; research status; biography; kulturelles Kapital; member of the government
SSOAR Kategorie:allgemeine Geschichte, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Socialist and post-socialist functional elites in East Germany
Titelübersetzung:Sozialistische und postsozialistische Eliten in Ostdeutschland
Autor/in:
Salheiser, Axel
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 2, S 123-138
Inhalt: "This paper provides a brief overview of elite change and continuity in East Germany as a post-socialist society. To do so, at first, some peculiarities of the former cadre system and elites in socialist East Germany, i.e. the late German Democratic Republic, are addressed with regard to social structure development and the arrangement of generations. Selected empirical evidence is based on cross-sectoral, longitudinal and cohort analyses and the inspection of prosopographic elite data compiled until the end of the 1980s which deconstruct the myth of a levelled egalitarian socialist society. In the second part of the paper, elite change and continuity after the political change of 1989/90 is discussed in the context of the transformation of institutions. Inspired by Bourdieu's analytic paradigm, one central thesis on the career survivals, take-offs, and breakdowns of East German elites is the continued validity and efficacy of social and cultural capital obtained before the fall of the wall, most of all formal qualification. Dimension of vertical social inequality under socialist rule, such as gender and class background, remain to be decisive until today." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:neue Bundesländer; New Federal States; politische Elite; political elite; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country; Transformation; transformation; Wiedervereinigung; reunification; Kontinuität; continuity; politischer Wandel; political change; Kohortenanalyse; cohort analysis; Karriere; career; Sozialkapital; social capital; kulturelles Kapital; cultural capital; Sozialstruktur; social structure; Macht; power; Elite; elite; soziale Integration; social integration; institutioneller Wandel; institutional change; Biographie; biography; SOEP; SOEP; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Pfadabhängigkeit; path dependence; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
What happened afterwards? Change and continuity in the Hungarian elite between 1988 and 2009
Titelübersetzung:Was passierte danach? Kontinuität und Wandel der ungarischen Elite zwischen 1988 und 2009
Autor/in:
Kristóf, Luca
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 2, S 108-122
Inhalt: "This article examines social continuity and discontinuity in the Hungarian political, economic and cultural elites between 1988 and 2009. In these two decades, four empirical surveys (five among the economic elite) have been carried out at the Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to explore the composition, recruitment, lifestyle, and attitudes of different elite groups. This large amount of data (4773 persons, in total) allows us to follow long term trends not yet analyzed and distinguish between several types of social processes in the Hungarian elite. The analysis complements but also augments some of the main findings of the earlier literature an elite circulation and reproduction under post-communism." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Ungarn; Hungary; Transformation; transformation; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; post-communist society; Kontinuität; continuity; politische Elite; political elite; politischer Wandel; political change; historische Analyse; historical analysis; Lebensalter; age; gender; Bildungsabschluss; level of education attained; Familie; family; soziale Herkunft; social background; Partei; party; kommunistische Partei; communist party; Mitgliedschaft; membership; Wirtschaftselite; economic elite; Manager; manager; Kultur; culture; vergleichende Forschung; comparative research; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
The perils of professionalism: lawyers, teachers, and engineers in Nazi Germany
Titelübersetzung:The perils of professionalism
Autor/in:
Jarausch, Konrad H.
Quelle: Historical Social Research, Supplement, (2012) 24, S 157-183
Inhalt: "The contradiction between the professions' progressive self-representation and their self-seeking opportunism was especially disastrous in their collaboration with National Socialism. As a result of the overcrowding and unemployment in the late Weimar Republic, many well educated Germans lent a willing ear to the radical propaganda of NS-affiliates which clamored for the exclusion of Jews, Leftists and women. While young, male, Aryan university graduates profited from the Nazi seizure of power, their hopes for a re-professionalization were quickly dashed by the loss of autonomy and ideological indoctrination in favor of race, war and empire. Many professionals therefore experienced the Third Reich as a severe de-professionalization by decreasing their number, weakening their training, abolishing their organizational freedom and involving them in atrocities. On the basis of the German example, the article therefore tries to warn against the consequences of ignoring the ethical foundations of liberal professionalism." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Drittes Reich; Third Reich; Lehrer; teacher; Arzt; physician; Ingenieur; engineer; Rechtsanwalt; lawyer; Kollaboration; collaboration; Nationalsozialismus; Nazism; Professionalisierung; professionalization; Akademiker; academic; historische Analyse; historical analysis; Gleichschaltung; bringing into line; Weltanschauung; Weltanschauung; Hochschullehrer; university teacher; SA; SA (Third Reich); Ideologie; ideology; NSDAP; National Socialist German Workers' Party; Preußen; Prussia; Jude; Jew; Ethik; ethics; Konflikt; conflict; Mitgliedschaft; membership
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Die Kategorie "Geschlecht" im Krisendiskurs und politischen Krisenmanagement
Autor/in:
Scheele, Alexandra
Quelle: AIS-Studien, 5 (2012) 1, S 17-29
Inhalt: Der Beitrag rekapituliert zunächst den medialen Diskurs zur Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise 2008/2009 und analysiert, wie dieser auf die Kategorie "Geschlecht" Bezug genommen hat. Es wird deutlich, dass Journalisten zwar häufig "Geschlecht" als Erklärungsvariable bei der Interpretation der Ursachen und Folgen der Krise heranziehen, dabei jedoch häufig auf bekannte Stereotype zurückgreifen. Damit verbunden ist - so die These - nicht nur eine starke Individualisierung von strukturellen Problemen, sondern auch die Gefahr, dass andere gesellschaftliche Ungleichheitsdimensionen ausgeblendet bleiben. Die anschließende Untersuchung des politischen Krisenmanagements zeigt, dass auch diese nicht frei ist von den in der Presse formulierten Annahmen über Geschlecht und bestehende, in Arbeits- und Produktionsverhältnissen eingelagerte geschlechterkulturelle Leitbilder, weshalb - so die weitere Argumentation - Alternativen in Richtung eines geschlechtergerechten und ökologischen Konjunkturprogramms keine Berücksichtigung fanden. Darüber hinaus wird kritisiert, dass die unterschiedliche Wirkung der Konjunkturprogramme und Konsolidierungsmaßnahmen auf Frauen und Männer von den politischen Akteuren weder ex ante noch ex post analysiert wurde.
Schlagwörter:gender; Finanzkrise; financial crisis; Wirtschaftskrise; economic crisis; Stereotyp; stereotype; Diskurs; discourse; Krisenmanagement; crisis management (econ., pol.); politische Faktoren; political factors; politischer Akteur; political actor
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur