Racial awareness in Phillis Wheatley's selected poems
Autor/in:
Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 56, S 74-79
Inhalt: Slavery in America began when Africans were brought in as slaves to the North American Colony of Jamestown Virginia around 1619. Slavery in America lasted for almost four hundred years though the trade was legally abolished by Britain in March 1807 (Walvin 163). Although the trade ended, slavery itself continued to survive. Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) is considered the first prominent Black writer in the United States to publish a book of imaginative writing. She is also the first to start the African-American literary tradition, as well as the African-American women literary tradition. Her work, which was derivative, was published in the collection, Poems on Various Subjects (1773) and in various magazines. Her choice of words was mostly biblical where it helped to camouflage her view on slavery. This paper intends to show that all of Wheatley's poems actually carried the theme of freedom. She has intelligently used this theme to articulate her desires in a subtle manner. On the surface, the poems are all preaching the greatness of Christianity to the readers and urging them to find solace through religion. She shows her racial awareness and resistance through various themes of the poems that she wrote. This paper highlights Wheatley's disapproval of slavery through her praise for religion, political commentaries, supporting elegies and death and finally through her escapism into an imaginary world.
Schlagwörter:Literatur; Bewusstsein; escapism; slavery; Freiheit; Rassismus; poetry; Sklaverei; USA; freedom; literature; Dichtung; consciousness; Eskapismus; United States of America; racism
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, soziale Probleme
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 50, S 86-90
Inhalt: Canadian novels have witnessed a movement from description to more different analytical and interpretative directions. Margaret Atwood's oeuvres are belonged to the postmodern literary field of feminist writing. Her fictions show a severe alertness of the relationship between chains and slavery, i.e. between women's requirement for relationships with others and her requirements for freedom and autonomy. In this paper, The Handmaid's Tale, Bodily Harm, Surfacing, and The Edible Woman will be surveyed in a direct relationship between politics, violence and victimization of female protagonists. An examination on Margaret Atwood's novels demonstrates that she is pioneer in the dimension of time by being a revolter against the patriarchal society.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 46, S 1-13
Inhalt: Women workers are found in certain activities traditionally falling within the male domain. This is particularly the case for landless women who largely belong to the hardcore poor group. It indicates growing economic pressure and erosion of familial support and traditional beliefs and norms regarding women's outside work. With the Bangladesh economy’s heavy dependence on imports Chittagong has traditionally played a very important role in the trading sectors and industrial centre of the country and also commercial capital of Bangladesh which is going through a massive phase of construction of new structures. The study employed triangulation method as a research strategy. The objective of the study is to know the reasons of internal migrations and conditions of female construction workers of Chittagong city. A good number of rural women are involved at urban construction work in Chittagong city where they faces different harmful condition like as long working hour, less salary, lack of women rights, sexual harassment, food expenditure, low health condition, hard working etc. From this rational discussion this papers examine internal migration and the condition of migrant female construction works in Chittagong city.
Schlagwörter:Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Binnenwanderung; internal migration; Migration; migration; Baugewerbe; construction industry; Arbeiter; worker; woman; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; Stadt; town; Einkommen; income; Arbeitszeit; working hours; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Menschenrechte; human rights; Armut; poverty
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Arbeitswelt, soziale Probleme
Mobilität armutsgefährdeter älterer Menschen in deutschen Großstädten
Titelübersetzung:Mobility of elderly citizens at risk of poverty in Germany’s big cities
Autor/in:
Giesel, Flemming; Köhler, Katja
Quelle: Europa Regional, 21.2013 (2015) 3, S 94-106
Inhalt: "Viele ältere Menschen sind gegenwärtig von Altersarmut in Deutschland betroffen. Vor dem Hintergrund des bestehenden Niedriglohnsektors, kurzer Erwerbsphasen und diskontinuierlicher Erwerbsverläufe ist zukünftig von einer steigenden sozialen Ungleichheit im Alter auszugehen. Von zentraler Bedeutung hierbei ist Mobilität. Mobilität ermöglicht nicht nur die Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben, sondern ist darüber hinaus gerade für Ältere gleichbedeutend mit einer selbständigen Lebensführung. Innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Verkehrs und Mobilitätsforschung steht bisher die Mobilität einkommensarmer älterer Menschen nicht im Fokus. Daher ist das Ziel dieses Beitrags, die Mobilität dieser Personengruppe am Beispiel armutsgefährdeter älterer Menschen in deutschen Großstädten näher zu untersuchen. Die empirischen Analysen basieren auf dem repräsentativen bundesweiten Datensatz "Mobilität in Deutschland 2008". Neben deskriptiven statistischen Analysen wird eine binär logistische Regression durchgeführt. Die Analysen zeigen, dass die Mobilität in Abhängigkeit des Einkommens und des Geschlechts variiert. Insbesondere armutsgefährdete ältere Frauen unternehmen signifikant weniger Wege und legen eine geringere Tagesstrecke zurück als höhere Einkommensgruppen. Darüber hinaus konzentrieren sich die Wege von sozial benachteiligten älteren Frauen insbesondere in sozialen Problemgebieten überwiegend auf das nahe Wohnumfeld. Gerade für diese immer größer werdende Gruppe sind daher Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung und Förderung der individuellen Mobilität insbesondere in monofunktionalen Räumen notwendig." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Many elderly people are affected by poverty in Germany today. In light of the present lowpay sector, short working lives and discontinuous career paths, it may be assumed that social inequality will increase in future. A decisive factor here is everyday travel. Not only does everyday travel enable participation in the life of wider society but, particularly for older people, is practically synonymous with being able to live an independent life. Until now, however, Germanlanguage transport research has not focussed on the everyday travel patterns of incomepoor elderly people. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to examine the trip patterns of this group in greater detail, using the example of elderly people at risk of poverty living in cities. The empirical analyses are based on the representative, Federalwide data set "Mobility in Germany 2008". Alongside descriptive statistical analyses, a binary logistic regression is also carried out. Our analyses show that everyday travel patterns vary according to income and gender. Elderly women at risk of poverty in particular make significantly fewer trips and cover shorter daily distances than higher income groups. Moreover, the journeys of socially disadvantaged elderly women, especially in problem areas, are concentrated on local surroundings close to home. For this evergrowing group measures are required to facilitating more frequent and easier daily travel precisely in these underprivileged areas." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:alter Mensch; elderly; Mobilität; mobility; Armut; poverty; Großstadt; large city; Federal Republic of Germany; Verkehrsverhalten; traffic behavior
Experiences and perceptions of young adults with physical disabilities on sports
Autor/in:
Wickman, Kim
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 3 (2015) 3, S 39-50
Inhalt: People with disabilities seldom get a chance to voice their opinions on their sport experiences. A deeper understanding of the context-related experiences of sport is a prerequisite for teachers and leaders to be able to provide adequate, inclusive and meaningful activities. The aim of this qualitative case study was to examine how young people with disabilities made sense of sport, within both the compulsory school system and the voluntary sports movement. The study involved 10 young adults (aged 16 to 29 years) with disabilities, five males and five females. All the participants had rich experiences of sport. An inductive approach to qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews was used to enable individuals to explain and give meaning to their experiences of sport including those pertaining to gender and inclusion. The findings illustrated that dominating gender and ability norms influenced the interviewees' understanding of themselves in relation to sport; as a consequence, some of the female interviewees had a more diverse, sometimes contradictory experience of sport than the male interviewees. The basic premise of this study is that researchers can develop more insightful understandings of inclusion by studying the subjective meanings that are constructed by people with disabilities in their sport experiences.
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 7 (2015) 1, S 2181-2191
Inhalt: Objective: Describing the profile of violence against women regarding aggression, the socio-demographic characteristics of the victim and the perpetrator of the violence. Method: a transversal study of quantitative approach and descriptive analysis. The population consisted of 42 women victims of violence. Results: of the total 42 participants, prevailed in women aged 30-39 years old, with complete high school and family income of 1-3 minimum wages. The physical, psychological and moral violence prevailed in 26,2% of cases. The main offenders were the companions of those women, the home environment is the space where most attacks occur and jealousy was appointed as the main factor to unleash aggression. The attackers, mostly present among the age group 40-49 years old, and have had studied until elementary school. Conclusion: it notes the challenge and the responsibility of health professionals in the recognition and registration of cases seen in health services.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 42, S 121-132
Inhalt: The research directs attention to the relationship between oil economy and increase in female prostitution. Specifically, we x-ray the historical and dialectical origin of prostitution from the colonial to the post colonial era. We contend that, prostitution is a condition imposed on females from low income background by poverty and that oil exploration and exploitation activities which are a manifest consequence of the expanded reproduction of capital (ERC) accentuate the rate of prostitution particularly in Port Harcourt. It is against this backdrop that, we attempt to demystify the social processes and the dynamic relations that produce prostitution with a view to recommending theoretical and practical measures of curbing prostitution as a social problem.
Schlagwörter:Erdöl; crude oil; Energiewirtschaft; energy industry; Nigeria; Nigeria; Prostitution; prostitution; woman; soziales Problem; social problem; Armut; poverty; Ausbeutung; exploitation; historische Entwicklung; historical development; Kolonialismus; colonialism; soziale Klasse; social class; Afrika; Africa
SSOAR Kategorie:Wirtschaftssektoren, soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung