Gender-specific patterns and determinants of spillover between work and family: The role of partner support in dual-earner couples
Titelübersetzung:Geschlechtsspezifische Muster und Determinanten von Rollenkonflikten zwischen Arbeit und Familie: Der Einfluss partnerschaftlicher Unterstützung in Zweiverdienerpaaren
Autor/in:
Adams, Ayhan; Golsch, Katrin
Quelle: JFR - Journal of Family Research, 33 (2021) 1, S 72-97
Details
Inhalt: Objective: The study investigates how partner support affects different types of work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts in dual-earner couples divided by gender and parenthood. Background: In Germany, as in other Western Countries, interrole conflicts between work and family increase, especially within dual-earner couples. Only few studies focused on the effects of partner support on different types of these conflicts. Method: We use longitudinal data deriving from waves 6 to 10 of the German Family Panel (pairfam) to uncover the extent to which the perception of having a supportive partner reduces time- and strain-based work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. We conduct longitudinal structural equation models based on information of 1,252 persons, which are full-time employed and live in a dual-earner relationship. Results: Whereas for men partner support helps reduce stress-based work-to-family conflicts, for women perceived partner support is not beneficial. Within a subsample of parents, the experience of work-to-family conflicts is likely irrespective of partner support. Overall, women’s family-to-work conflicts appear to be reduced by their partners’ support whereas for men this detrimental effect only applies in the case of stress-based family-to-work conflicts. Conclusion: To sum up the findings, the differences for men and women in the effect of partner support on different types of interrole conflicts indicate a still existing impact of traditional gender norms that connect femininity to house work and masculinity to employed work.
Schlagwörter:Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Dual Career Couple; dual career couple; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Elternschaft; parenthood; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Ungleichheit; inequality; Federal Republic of Germany; partner support; work-family spillover; gender; Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam, release 9.1), wave 6 to 10
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Educational attainment and gender differences in work-life balance for couples across Europe: a contextual perspective
Autor/in:
Kromydas, Theocharis
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 4, S 8-22
Details
Inhalt: The current article aims to explain the interrelationships between the educational attainment of individuals living in households with heterosexual partners, their work–life balance (WLB) and the macro-economic climate of the country they live in, using data from the European Social Survey. WLB is a complex concept, as it is not only determined by factors related to someone’s employment or domestic work and childcare responsibilities, but also by decisions informed by personal experiences and circumstances, subjective perceptions and preferences. Moreover, in households with cohabiting partners, this decision-making process involves certain compromises where financial incentives, interests, gender and power dynamics play an important role. Since educational attainment is positively related to labour market outcomes, such as employment and wages, while at the same time more women are participating in education and the labour market, the gender conflict on the division of work and time within households intensifies and traditional gender roles are challenged. WLB is at the heart of this conflict operating as a mechanism through which division of work and time is reconciled on the individual and household level. Results from the current article reveal great heterogeneity between the 17 European countries examined. Perhaps surprisingly, educational attainment can have a detrimental effect on the WLB of spouses and cohabiting partners, especially for women whose level of WLB seems also more sensitive to fluctuations of the macro-economic climate of the country they live in. However, there is an indication that when an economy goes into recession, higher education has a cushioning effect on female’s WLB compared to relatively better economic times.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Haushaltseinkommen; household income; Privathaushalt; private household; gender; Ungleichheit; inequality; Arbeit; labor; Qualität; quality; Work-life-balance; work-life-balance; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Bildung; education; dual-earner households
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Makroebene des Bildungswesens
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Der Einfluss der beruflichen Geschlechtersegregation und beruflicher Arbeitszeitarrangements auf Teilzeitarbeit: Gleiche Übergangsbedingungen für Frauen und Männer?
Titelübersetzung:The Influence of Occupational Sex Segregation and Occupational Working Time Arrangements on Part-time Work: Equal Opportunities for Women and Men?
Autor/in:
Althaber, Agnieszka; Leuze, Kathrin
Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, (2020)
Details
Inhalt: Teilzeitarbeit gilt in Deutschland als ein wichtiges Instrument für die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie. Bisherige Erklärungen von Teilzeitarbeit fokussieren vorrangig auf Frauen und diskutieren individuelle, haushaltsbezogene und institutionelle Faktoren. Männer sowie berufsstrukturelle Einflussfaktoren auf Teilzeitarbeit wurden bislang jedoch kaum adressiert. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir daher die Bedeutung von Berufsmerkmalen für Übergänge von Vollzeit- in Teilzeitbeschäftigung von Frauen und Männern zwischen 1992 und 2015 in Deutschland. Im Fokus steht die Frage, inwiefern die berufliche Geschlechtersegregation und berufliche Arbeitszeitarrangements als Rahmenbedingungen den Übergang in Teilzeit erklären können und ob sie geschlechterdifferente Effekte aufweisen. Unsere theoretischen Überlegungen basieren auf Krügers Institutionenansatz und Ackers Ansatz der Gendered Organizations. Für die Analysen werden Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (Startkohorte 6) mit aggregierten beruflichen Merkmalen, basierend auf dem Mikrozensus, kombiniert. Die Ergebnisse der Cox Proportional Hazard-Modelle zeigen, dass weniger die berufliche Geschlechtersegregation, sondern vor allem berufliche Arbeitszeitarrangements Übergänge in Teilzeit beeinflussen, allerdings auf geschlechterdifferenzierte Weise. Während die Vielarbeitsnorm in Berufen, gemessen an Vollzeitarbeit und Überstunden, Teilzeitarbeit für Männer verhindert, gehen Frauen unter diesen Rahmenbedingungen häufiger in Teilzeit über.
Schlagwörter:Teilzeitarbeit; part-time work; Arbeitszeit; working hours; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Ungleichheit; inequality; gender-specific factors; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Federal Republic of Germany; Arbeitszeitnormen; Ereignisdatenanalyse; event history analysis; ideal worker norm; occupations; Nationales Bildungspanel NEPS SC6 SUF 7.0.0; Mikrozensus 1993-2012
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Work-Family Arrangement and Conflict: Do Individual Gender Role Attitudes and National Gender Culture Matter?
Autor/in:
Bornatici, Christina; Heers, Marieke
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 4, S 46-60
Details
Inhalt: This article examines the relationship between couples' work-family arrangement and individuals' perceived work–family conflict (WFC), considering individuals’ attitudes towards gender roles and national gender culture in 37 countries (N = 15,114). Previous research has shown that WFC depends on work and family demands and has mostly accounted for absolute time spent in paid and domestic work. We hypothesize that WFC depends on couples' work-family arrangement in terms of time spent in paid, domestic and care work. We further expect that the relationship between couples' work-family arrangement and WFC depends on individuals' gender attitudes and national gender culture. To test these assumptions, we use the ISSP-2012 data and apply multilevel linear regression analyses. The findings indicate that an egalitarian work-family arrangement - that is, sharing paid, domestic and care work equally with one's partner - is associated with lower levels of WFC. Moreover, individuals with egalitarian gender attitudes and an egalitarian work-family arrangement experience less WFC than individuals with inconsistent attitudes and behaviours. Individuals with consistent traditional attitudes and behaviours experience the most conflict. Finally, a more egalitarian gender culture relates to less WFC. Cross-level interactions indicate that the relationship between work-family arrangement and WFC is not mediated by countries' gender culture.
Schlagwörter:Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; gender-specific factors; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Hausarbeit; housework; Betreuung; care; allein erziehender Elternteil; single parent; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; internationaler Vergleich; international comparison; care work; couple dynamics; gender culture; gender role; work–family arrangement; work–family conflict; ISSP 2012
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Agency and Capabilities in Managerial Positions: Hungarian Fathers' Use of Workplace Flexibility
Autor/in:
Geszler, Nikolett
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 4, S 61-71
Details
Inhalt: This article analyses the agency freedom of manager fathers in Hungary to claim work-family balance through corporate flexible working arrangements. Hobson’s interpretation of Sen’s capability approach (Hobson, Fahlén, & Takács, 2011) is applied to appraise the effect of individual resources and organizational and national context on managers' work-family balance, as well as their influence on organizational culture. An interview-based case study was undertaken at the Hungarian subsidiary of a Scandinavian multinational company, wherein 43 personal interviews were conducted with fathers in managerial positions. The interviews were analysed according to structuring qualitative content analysis. Managers benefitted from corporate flexibility (home office and flexible schedule), but experienced power asymmetries in terms of access to and use of the former according to hierarchy and department. Even though the men in these positions are assumed to be change agents, the majority of them perceived limited agency freedom to convert flexible working into work-family balance, or to influence organizational culture. The privileged position of managers was detected at the level of their individual agency. Most managers could economically afford to maintain a male breadwinner model. Therefore, limitations related to securing parental and flexibility rights were due to traditional gender norms, and the strong sense of entitlement to work. Consequently, the extent and means of use of flexibility did not challenge deeply rooted assumptions about ideal employee norms.
Schlagwörter:Vaterschaft; fatherhood; Führungsposition; executive position; Manager; manager; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Work-life-balance; work-life-balance; Arbeitszeit; working hours; Flexibilität; flexibility; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Ungarn; Hungary; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country; agency; capabilities
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
It's getting late today, please do the laundry: The influence of long-distance commuting on the division of domestic labor
Autor/in:
Stenpaß, Anna; Kley, Stefanie
Quelle: JFR - Journal of Family Research, 32 (2020) 2, S 274-306
Details
Inhalt: The study examines the effect of long-distance commuting on the division of domestic labor in heterosexual couples. A long journey to work can affect other areas of life. Commuters often have lower life satisfaction and their intimate relationships may be impaired by mental stress. When looking at domestic labor the question arises of who is in charge of managing the household and childcare. Do women still adopt the "lion's share of housework" or take over the "second shift" if they spend part of the day on long commutes to work and back home? A long commute is defined as a journey to work of at least 45 minutes, daily or several times a week. We present the results of pooled regression analysis and fixed effects regressions conducted on data from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) for the years 2013, 2015, and 2016. The pooled analysis suggests a moderate association between a woman’s long commute and her partner's engagement in housework and childcare, especially when she commutes daily. Instead of living 'reversed roles', the partners share such tasks. However, when the association between a woman's long commute and her partner's engagement in childcare is estimated exclusively with fixed regression, it remains significant. If the man is a long-distance commuter, most often his partner is solely responsible for all household tasks. Relative labor market position and income distribution within the couples, as well as adherence to gender roles explain the effects of long-distance commuting on labor division.
Schlagwörter:Hausarbeit; housework; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Partnerschaft; partnership; Pendler; commuter; Arbeitsweg; way to work; psychische Belastung; psychological stress; Lebenszufriedenheit; satisfaction with life; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Doing Gender; doing gender; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Federal Republic of Germany; gender ideology; long-distance commuting; job-related spatial mobility; bargaining theory; Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) (2013, 2015, 2016)
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz