Partnered women's contribution to household labor income: Persistent inequalities among couples and their determinants
Autor/in:
Dieckhoff, Martina; Gash, Vanessa; Mertens, Antje; Romeu Gordo, Laura
Quelle: Social Science Research, (2019) 85
Inhalt: This paper explores earnings inequalities within dual-earner couples in East and West Germany drawing on household-level panel data from 1992 to 2016. It has three aims: (1) to analyze how the partner pay gap (the pay gap between partners within one household) has developed over time, given institutional change, and whether the extent of inequality and temporal development vary between East and West Germany; (2) to explore variation in the partner pay gap by male partners' absolute earnings; and (3) to investigate the micro-level determinants of earnings inequalities within couples and determine whether their relevance varies between East and West Germany as well as by male partners’ absolute earnings. We find women earn substantially less than their partners, and our regression results find no indication of a declining partner pay gap. Besides substantial variation between East and West Germany, our results also reveal important group-specific variation in the extent of the partner pay gap as well as in its determinants.
Schlagwörter:Dual Career Couple; alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; old federal states; Haushaltseinkommen; Einkommensunterschied; partnership; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; woman; difference in income; neue Bundesländer; Partnerschaft; labor force participation; gender-specific factors; New Federal States; dual career couple; Ungleichheit; inequality; gender inequality; institutional change; partner pay gap; time trends; German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) (1992-2016)
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
A stalled revolution? What can we learn from women’s drop-out to part-time jobs: a comparative analysis of Germany and the UK
Autor/in:
Dieckhoff, Martina; Gash, Vanessa; Mertens, Antje; Romeu Gordo, Laura
Quelle: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, (2016) 46 (B), S 129-140
Inhalt: This study examines how within-couple inequalities, that is power differences between men and women in a partnership, act as predictors of transitions from full-time to part-time employment applying Heckman corrected probit models in three different institutional and cultural contexts; Eastern Germany, Western Germany and the United Kingdom. The analyses show that when women are in a weaker position within their relationships they are more likely to drop-out of full-time work, but that this propensity varies by context. The authors also find an increased tendency over time for women to leave full-time for part-time employment in both Eastern and Western Germany, but observe no such trend in the UK. This is suggestive of ongoing incompatibilities in the institutional support for equality in dual-earning in Germany. The study uses longitudinal data covering the period 1992 until 2012 from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for Germany and from the British Household Panel (BHPS) and the ‘Understanding Society’ data for the UK.
Schlagwörter:alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Arbeitsteilung; old federal states; part-time work; Haushaltseinkommen; division of labor; Hausarbeit; housework; partnership; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; Großbritannien; Teilzeitarbeit; neue Bundesländer; Partnerschaft; labor force participation; Great Britain; gender-specific factors; New Federal States; Ungleichheit; inequality; cross-national comparison
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Attempt for Explanation of Declining Labor Force Participation of Women in Turkey through Test of Under-Participation Trap Hypothesis, Applied on Microfinance Survey Data
Autor/in:
Hes, Tomáš; Neradová, Alena; Srnec, Karel
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 7, S 76-85
Inhalt: Labor markets of Turkey are characterized by low female labor force participation when compared with the OECD, neighbour states and EU averages. Besides, the female labor force participation exhibits an unexplained and suprising declining trend in the last decades. The paper attemps to illuminate the phenomenon searching for contingencies in data presented by working women in a microfinance clientele survey in suburban Ankara, especially focusing on status and family related interrelationships that could provide explanation for the low relative number of working women in labor markets of Turkey, testing the Under-participation trap hypothesis
Schlagwörter:Türkei; Turkey; woman; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; soziale Faktoren; social factors; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors; Mikrofinanzierung; microfinance; Microcredit; TGMP; Under Participation Trap
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Titelübersetzung:Professional activity during maternal leave
Autor/in:
John, Birgit; Stutzer, Erich
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 14 (2002) 3, S 215-233
Inhalt: 'Die Einführung des Erziehungsurlaubs bzw. der Elternzeit gilt als eine Maßnahme zur besseren Vereinbarkeit der Lebensbereiche Beruf und Familie. In der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird auf der Basis des Mikrozensus untersucht, inwieweit das sog. Drei-Phasen-Modell zur Vereinbarung von Familien- und Erwerbsarbeit empirisch bedeutsam ist und welche Veränderungen sich im Zeitablauf ergeben. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich die Einführung des Erziehungsurlaubs auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung junger Mütter (und Väter) ausgewirkt hat. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass in Deutschland das (mit dem Instrument Erziehungsurlaub geförderte) Drei-Phasen-Modell zur sukzessiven Vereinbarkeit von Familien- und Erwerbsarbeit von der Mehrheit der Mütter gelebt wird. Die relativ hohe Erwerbstätigenquote junger Mütter lässt sich auf sehr viele Mütter im Erziehungsurlaub zurückführen. Darüber hinaus lässt sich zeigen, dass das Ausmaß der Teilzeittätigkeit junger Mütter bislang unterschätzt, die Vollzeittätigkeit dagegen überschätzt wurde. Das geringe Ausmaß aktiver Erwerbstätigkeit junger Mütter zeigt sich auch darin, dass mehr als zwei Drittel der jungen Mütter vorwiegend Haus- und Familienarbeiten leisten. In methodischer Hinsicht wird deutlich, dass eine auf dem Mikrozensus basierte Analyse der Erwerbsbeteiligung, beurlaubte Frauen angemessen berücksichtigen sollte.' (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: 'Parental leave/maternal leave was instituted as a measure to improve the compatibility of professional activity and family life. The following study is based on the 'Mikrozensus'. It examines the empirical significance of the Three-Phase-Model for compatibility of family and professional work and documents changes that arise over time. The study demonstrates the influence of parental leave on young mothers' (and fathers') participation in professional work. Results indicate that in Germany the Three-Phase-Model (which is strengthened by the parental leave initiative) leads to successive increases in the compatibility of family- and professional work for most young mothers. The relatively high proportion of young mothers who are professionally active can be attributed to many mothers being on parental leave. The study also shows that while the prevalence of part-time professional employment had previously been underestimated, the rate of full-time employment had been overestimated. The limited degree of young mothers' professional activity is also demonstrated by the finding that over two-thirds of young mothers are primarily occupied with housework and other family-related work. With respect to methodology, it becomes clear that a Mikrozensus-based analysis of professional activity should give appropriate consideration of women on parental leave.' (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Elternurlaub; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Mutterschaftsurlaub; part-time work; employment behavior; maternity leave; mother; working woman; Federal Republic of Germany; Mutter; parental leave; Teilzeitarbeit; labor force participation; Mutterschutz; berufstätige Frau; maternity protection; Erwerbsverhalten
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Familienpolitik, Jugendpolitik, Altenpolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie