Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 99-130
Inhalt: The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women's entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men’s entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women's "second shift," depressing fertility. A central focus of this paper is to establish second shift trends during the second half of the 20th century and their effects on fertility. Our analyses are based on data on cohort fertility, male and female labor force participation, and male and female domestic hours worked from 11 countries in Northern Europe, Western/central Europe, Southern Europe, and North America between 1960/70 and 2000/2014. We find that the gender revolution had not generated a turnaround, i.e. an increase in cohort fertility, by the end of the 20th century. Nevertheless, wherever the gender revolution has made progress in reducing women’s second shift, cohort fertility declined the least; where the second shift is large and/or has not been reduced, cohort fertility has declined the most.
Schlagwörter:20. Jahrhundert; Italy; Netherlands; birth trend; fertility; Gleichstellung; Arbeitsteilung; Sweden; Familienpolitik; gender role; Familie-Beruf; Italien; Federal Republic of Germany; work-family balance; Kanada; Geschlechtsrolle; Norway; Geburtenentwicklung; labor force participation; Norwegen; Finnland; family policy; United States of America; Fruchtbarkeit; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Schweden; France; division of labor; Spanien; USA; Großbritannien; Finland; woman; Frankreich; Great Britain; Spain; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Canada; twentieth century; Niederlande; two-part gender revolution; transformation of male breadwinner family model; women in public sphere; men in private sphere; women's second shift
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung
On the age-specific correlation between fertility and female employment: heterogeneity over space and time in OECD-countries
Autor/in:
Brehm, Uta; Engelhardt, Henriette
Quelle: Universität Bamberg, Fak. Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Professur für Demografie; Bamberg (Discussion Papers / Universität Bamberg, Professur für Demografie, 15), 2013. 37 S
Schlagwörter:fertility; Erwerbsbeteiligung; age group; Familiengründung; OECD member country; Familienplanung; working woman; Familie-Beruf; Karriere; work-family balance; woman; family formation; OECD-Staat; Altersgruppe; labor force participation; career; berufstätige Frau; family planning; Fruchtbarkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
On the changing correlation between fertility and female employment over space and time: a pooled time-series analysis on the impact of social indicators
Titelübersetzung:Zum Wandel der Korrelation von Fertilität und Frauenerwerbstätigkeit in Raum und Zeit: eine empirische Analyse unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte ausgewählter sozialer Indikatoren
Autor/in:
Engelhardt, Henriette
Quelle: Universität Bamberg, Fak. Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Professur für Demografie; Bamberg (Discussion Papers / Universität Bamberg, Professur für Demografie, 9), 2011. 26 S
Inhalt: "In OECD countries, the cross-country correlation between the total fertility rate and the female labour force participation rate turned from a negative value before the 1980s to a positive value thereafter. Based on pooled time-series analysis, the literature seems to agree that this change is due to unmeasured country and time heterogeneity with respect to female employment. However, the determinants of this heterogeneity remain unclear. Using data of 16 European countries from 1960-2005, the author estimates pooled time-series models of fertility and female labor force participation by applying Prais-Winsten regressions with fixed country and time effects and investigate the changing effect of female labor participation for a set of labor market, educational and demographic variables and indicators of social policy. The empirical findings reveal that the change in the correlation seems to be due to the increasing proportion of females employed part-time, increasing educational attainment of females, increasing age at first birth and increasing gross enrollment ratio of children in pre-primary education." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:women's employment; birth trend; fertility; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Europe; international comparison; Bildungsbeteiligung; determinants; woman; Europa; Geburtenentwicklung; internationaler Vergleich; labor force participation; Determinanten; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; participation in education; Fruchtbarkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung
The influence of qualification on women's childlessness in West Germany: age and cohort effects ; analyses with the German Microcensus
Titelübersetzung:Der Einfluss von Qualifikation auf Kinderlosigkeit bei Frauen in Westdeutschland: Alters- und Kohorteneffekte ; Analysen mit dem deutschen Mikrozensus
Autor/in:
Wirth, Heike; Dümmler, Kerstin
Quelle: Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen -ZUMA-; Mannheim (ZUMA-Arbeitsbericht, 2005/03), 2005. 29 S
Inhalt: 'Bislang gibt es kaum Studien, welche die Entwicklung und das Ausmaß von Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland in umfassender Weise empirisch untersuchen. Ein wesentlicher Grund hierfür dürfte die unzureichende Datenlage sein. Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht beschreibt auf Basis von Mikrozensusdaten die Entwicklung der bildungsspezifischen Kinderlosigkeit von deutschen Frauen in Westdeutschland für die Geburtskohorten 1951 bis 1968. Neben dem Bildungsniveau werden auch die Erwerbsbeteiligung und der Familienstand von Frauen als zentrale Erklärungsfaktoren von Kinderlosigkeit herangezogen. Der Vorteil des Mikrozensus ist zweifellos der im Vergleich zu wissenschaftsbasierten Erhebungen sehr große Stichprobenumfang, der auch die Betrachtung von eher kleinen Subpopulationen erlaubt. Allerdings stößt die Analyse von Kinderlosigkeit mit Mikrozensusdaten auch auf zentrale Beschränkungen. Diese Beschränkungen werden im vorliegenden Papier gleichfalls thematisiert und in Hinblick auf die Konsequenzen für die Analyse diskutiert.' (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: 'Even though there is a growing concern about a socially selective pattern of childlessness among women and the implications for policy and the economy in Germany, there have been no comprehensive studies to analyse the extent of childlessness. This can be put down to the fact that the available data to study this issue are rather insufficient. Using official microdata, the aim of the present paper is to provide an initial overview of the structure of childlessness depending on qualification, age and birth cohort of women in West Germany. Since most theories explain childlessness of women in modern societies in terms of their increasing labour force participation, the changes in female labour force participation over the last 30 years are described, too. The analyses are based on the population census 1970 and the microcensus 1989 to 2001. Though the census and the microcensus have some advantages over social surveys, there are some limitations when studying family patterns based on official microdata. These methodological issues will also be addressed in the paper.' (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:women's employment; alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Qualifikation; marital status; old federal states; Kinderlosigkeit; qualification; working woman; Federal Republic of Germany; woman; level of education; labor force participation; childlessness; Bildungsniveau; berufstätige Frau; Familienstand; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung