Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 99-130
Inhalt: The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women's entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men’s entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women's "second shift," depressing fertility. A central focus of this paper is to establish second shift trends during the second half of the 20th century and their effects on fertility. Our analyses are based on data on cohort fertility, male and female labor force participation, and male and female domestic hours worked from 11 countries in Northern Europe, Western/central Europe, Southern Europe, and North America between 1960/70 and 2000/2014. We find that the gender revolution had not generated a turnaround, i.e. an increase in cohort fertility, by the end of the 20th century. Nevertheless, wherever the gender revolution has made progress in reducing women’s second shift, cohort fertility declined the least; where the second shift is large and/or has not been reduced, cohort fertility has declined the most.
Schlagwörter:20. Jahrhundert; Italy; Netherlands; birth trend; fertility; Gleichstellung; Arbeitsteilung; Sweden; Familienpolitik; gender role; Familie-Beruf; Italien; Federal Republic of Germany; work-family balance; Kanada; Geschlechtsrolle; Norway; Geburtenentwicklung; labor force participation; Norwegen; Finnland; family policy; United States of America; Fruchtbarkeit; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Schweden; France; division of labor; Spanien; USA; Großbritannien; Finland; woman; Frankreich; Great Britain; Spain; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Canada; twentieth century; Niederlande; two-part gender revolution; transformation of male breadwinner family model; women in public sphere; men in private sphere; women's second shift
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung
On the age-specific correlation between fertility and female employment: heterogeneity over space and time in OECD-countries
Autor/in:
Brehm, Uta; Engelhardt, Henriette
Quelle: Universität Bamberg, Fak. Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Professur für Demografie; Bamberg (Discussion Papers / Universität Bamberg, Professur für Demografie, 15), 2013. 37 S
Schlagwörter:fertility; Erwerbsbeteiligung; age group; Familiengründung; OECD member country; Familienplanung; working woman; Familie-Beruf; Karriere; work-family balance; woman; family formation; OECD-Staat; Altersgruppe; labor force participation; career; berufstätige Frau; family planning; Fruchtbarkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
Emancipation or child benefits? What Germany’s new family policy has learned from other European countries
Titelübersetzung:Emanzipation oder Kindergeld? Was die neue Familienpolitik Deutschlands von anderen europäischen Ländern gelernt hat
Autor/in:
Kröhnert, Steffen; Klingholz, Reiner
Quelle: Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung; Berlin, 2008. 30 S
Inhalt: "The present analysis compares the social conditions for different fertility rates in the nations of western Europe based on an array of socioeconomic indicators. It shows clearly that the traditionally negative correlation between wealth and social development on the one hand and fertility on the other no longer holds once a society has reached a certain level of development. Today more children are born in the countries with the most advanced social systems in regard to gender equality. Based on this result, we propose to discuss the problem of low-fertility countries from a different point of view. Neither child benefits nor other sources of financial aid appear to motivate people in modern industrial societies to have more children. What is far more crucial is equality of men and women in society." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Emanzipation; emancipation; woman; Kindergeld; child benefit; Familienpolitik; family policy; Frauenpolitik; women's policy; Frauenförderung; advancement of women; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Familienarbeit; family work; Geburtenentwicklung; birth trend; Geburtenrückgang; declining birth rate; Kinderlosigkeit; childlessness; Kinderzahl; number of children; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Wohlstand; prosperity; Transferleistung; transfer payments; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Federal Republic of Germany; Europa; Europe
SSOAR Kategorie:Familienpolitik, Jugendpolitik, Altenpolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung
Quelle: Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung; Berlin, 2004. 18 S
Inhalt: "(...) Den stetigen Rückgang der Kinderzahlen in modernen Industriegesellschaften bezeichnen manche Bevölkerungswissenschaftler als 'ökonomisch-demografisches Paradoxon'. Je mehr Kinder sich Menschen in den immer wohlhabenderen Gesellschaften theoretisch leisten könnten, je mehr individuelle Freiheiten sich ihnen eröffnen, um so weniger Nachwuchs setzen sie in die Welt. Nach dieser Theorie müssten liberale, marktwirtschaftlich und kapitalistisch orientierte Gesellschaften langfristig aussterben. Das 'ökonomisch-demografische Paradoxon' ist auf den ersten Blick plausibel. Steigender Wohlstand und wirtschaftlicher Aufstieg führen überall auf der Welt zu einem Absinken der Geburtenraten. Doch die Ursache für die deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen den Nationen Westeuropas lässt sich so nicht erklären. (...)" (Textauszug)
Schlagwörter:Emanzipation; emancipation; Europa; Europe; woman; Familie; family; Geburtenrückgang; declining birth rate; Kindergeld; child benefit; Familienpolitik; family policy; Kinderzahl; number of children; Geburt; birth; Quantität; quantity; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Wohlstand; prosperity; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Kinderbetreuung; child care; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Bevölkerung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung