Inhalt: Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich dem Phänomen der geschlechtsspezifischen Berufswahl und den damit verbundenen Beharrungstendenzen mittels eines Struktur-Handlungsansatzes. Die Berufswahl kann als zweistufiger, komplexer Prozess beschrieben werden, welcher einer praktischen Logik gehorcht. Die zentrale Erklärungskraft der geschlechtsspezifischen Ausrichtung liegt in den geschlechtlichen Arbeitsteilungsmustern und einer Verdinglichung der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse begründet.
Be a man or become a nurse: comparing gender discrimination by employers across a wide variety of professions
Autor/in:
Kübler, Dorothea; Schmid, Julia; Stüber, Robert
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Markt und Entscheidung, Abteilung Verhalten auf Märkten, SP II 2017-201), 2017. 52 S
Inhalt: We investigate gender discrimination and its variation between firms, occupations, and industries with a factorial survey design (vignette study) for a large sample of German firms. Short CVs of fictitious applicants are presented to human resource managers who indicate the likelihood of the applicants being invited to the next step of the hiring process. We observe that women are evaluated worse than men on average, controlling for all other attributes of the CV, i.e., school grades, age, information about activities since leaving school, parents' occupations etc. Discrimination against women varies across industries and occupations, and is strongest for occupations with lower educational requirements and of lower occupational status. Women receive worse evaluations when applying for male-dominated occupations. Overall, the share of women in an occupation explains more of the difference in evaluations than any other occupation- or firm-related variable.
Schlagwörter:Einstellung; attitude; Entscheidung; decision; gender; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Beruf; occupation; Unternehmen; enterprise; Federal Republic of Germany; Bewerbung; application; Bewertung; evaluation; C99; J71; vignette study
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie
Why do girls' and boys' gender-(a)typical occupational aspirations differ across countries? How cultural norms and institutional constraints shape young adolescents' occupational preferences
Autor/in:
Leuze, Kathrin; Helbig, Marcel
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, P 2015-002), 2015. 41 S
Inhalt: Occupational sex segregation persists in all European and OECD countries; yet in some countries, it is more pronounced than in others. In this paper we seek to explain these cross-national variations by analyzing the realistic occupational aspirations of 15-year-old pupils in 29 EU and OECD countries. Based on socialization and rational choice approaches we develop hypotheses for how cultural norms and national institutions might influence the gender-typing of occupations. These are tested by applying 2-step multi-level models to the OECD's 2006 PISA study merged with country-level data from various sources. Results indicate that girls develop gender-(a)typical occupational aspirations in response to structural education and labor market differences across countries, while boys' gender-(a)typical aspirations are mainly influenced by country variations in normative prescriptions of gender-essentialist cultures and self-expressive value systems. The findings point at the necessity for differentiating both between micro- and macrolevel explanations and between explanations for women and men. (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:EU; Junge; career aspiration; international comparison; Berufswunsch; girl; Mädchen; boy; Sozialisation; socialization; internationaler Vergleich; OECD; gender-specific factors; OECD; EU
SSOAR Kategorie:Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien; (Reihe Soziologie / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Soziologie, 106)2014. 60 S
Inhalt: Austria has a long tradition of gender equality policy measures in science, academia and research. Since the 1980s, a mix of measures has been successively introduced to promote excellent female scientists and academics, establish women’s and gender studies and remove the structural barriers for women. Accordingly, an increase in the share of women in all areas and functions in science, academia and research and the inclusion of gender studies in an increasing number of disciplines has been achieved in recent years. Despite this, the notion of the “scientific ideal” has remained almost unchanged, i.e. is still based on a typically male scientific career. This notion essentially considers a “good” scientist to be one who can devote his life totally to science and has no other restrictions on his time or commitments outside science. The question now is, what – and where – can we add to the existing policy mix to change this situation, i.e. to revise this notion of the “ideal”. At a series of workshops, researchers, academics and other experts used creative methods to develop their visions of a gender-neutral landscape in science, academia and research in 2025. These visions were then used to identify relevant fields of action for initiating cultural change. This paper summarises the results of this discursive process and outlines how the process that began with this project could now be continued.
Schlagwörter:scientist; Kulturwandel; Gender Mainstreaming; Austria; cultural change; Österreich; gender role; role image; Rollenwandel; university system; Geschlechtsrolle; Rollenzuschreibung; Wissenschaftler; role ascription; gender mainstreaming; role change; Rollenbild; occupational role; gender; Berufsrolle; Doing Gender; Gender; Karriere; Hochschulwesen; doing gender; career
SSOAR Kategorie:Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Management und Teilzeitarbeit: Wunsch und Wirklichkeit
Autor/in:
Hipp, Lena; Stuth, Stefan
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (WZBrief Arbeit, 15), 2013. 6 S
Inhalt: Manager und Managerinnen arbeiten in Europa selten Teilzeit. Auch auf Führungsebene ist Teilzeit Frauendomäne. Teilzeitarbeit im Management wird stark von der Arbeitszeit- und Geschlechterkultur in den Ländern beeinflusst.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitszeit; Geschäftsführung; Arbeit; international comparison; part-time work; Unternehmenspolitik; woman; management; Teilzeitarbeit; internationaler Vergleich; company policy; working hours; Führungsposition; labor; executive position
SSOAR Kategorie:Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Management
Erfolgskarrieren beginnen früh: wer mehr Frauen an der Spitze will, sollte Mädchen fördern
Autor/in:
Matthies, Hildegard
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (WZBrief Bildung, 27), 2013. 6 S
Inhalt: Das für Spitzenpositionen nötige Selbstvertrauen wird im Kindesalter gelernt, im Idealfall von den eigenen Eltern. Kinder aus bildungsarmen Milieus
brauchen soziale Paten außerhalb der Familie.
Da Geschlechterstereotype weiter wirksam sind, profitieren Mädchen doppelt von früher Förderung.