Rezension zu : Mike Laufenberg, Martina Erlemann, Maria Norkus, Grit Petschick (Hg.): Prekäre Gleichstellung. Geschlechtergerechtigkeit, soziale Ungleichheit und unsichere Arbeitsverhältnisse in der Wissenschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2018 - Querelles-net, Jg. 20, Nr. 3 (2019)
Autor/in:
Mauer, Heike
Quelle: (2019)
Inhalt: Umfassend werden hier das Verhältnis von prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen und Diskriminierungs- und Ungleichheitsstrukturen in der Wissenschaft sowie Gleichstellungspolitiken in den Blick genommen. Die Autor_innen plädieren dafür, die Ökonomisierung von Bildung, die Herausbildung der unternehmerischen Hochschule sowie die damit einhergehende Ausbreitung unsicherer Arbeitsverhältnisse in der Wissenschaft mit Prozessen der Gleichstellungsgovernance sowie der Transformation von Geschlechterverhältnissen und insbesondere von Rassismus an der Hochschule zusammenzudenken. In 12 Beiträgen werden diesbezügliche Ambivalenzen thematisiert und Interventionsmöglichkeiten, um Geschlechtergerechtigkeit, eine nicht-rassistische Hochschule und sichere Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu verwirklichen, diskutiert.
Queering and diversifying gender in equality work at European higher education institutions
Autor/in:
Mense, Lisa; Sera, Stephanie; Vader, Sarah
Quelle: GENDER (GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft), 11 (2019) 1-2019, S 78–91
Inhalt: In den letzten Jahren hat die zunehmende Anerkennung von Forderungen und Bedürfnissen der LGBTIQ* Communities zu Änderungen im EU-Recht beigetragen. Vor diesem Hintergrund plädieren die Autor*innen für ein queeres und damit vielfältiges Verständnis von Gender in den Gleichstellungsdiskursen an Hochschulen. Anhand der Fallbeispiele Deutschland und den Niederlanden werden rechtliche und diskursive Bedingungen sowie die Motivationen, Herausforderungen und Chancen der Akteur*innen im jeweiligen Hochschulsystem aus einer queeren Perspektive betrachtet. Die Beispiele zeigen, wie unterschiedlich die Umsetzung von EU-Richtlinien in nationales Recht erfolgt ist. Sie machen ebenfalls deutlich, dass Veränderungen in den Hochschulen derzeit von hoch motivierten Akteur*innen wie Studierenden, Gleichstellungs- und Diversity-Beauftragten oder einzelnen Einrichtungen angestoßen werden. Als aufeinander aufbauende, analytische Konzepte können „queering“ und „diversifying“ dazu beitragen, heteronormative Vorannahmen und diskriminierende Prozesse im gleichstellungspolitischen Kontext an Hochschulen zu erkennen. Sie erlauben ferner die Entwicklung von Strategien, die die Komplexität von Geschlechteridentitäten und Diskriminierungen berücksichtigen.
Against the background of recent changes to EU legislation to meet the demands and needs of LGBTIQ* communities, the authors seek to situate a queered and diversified understanding of gender firmly at the centre of the gender equality discourse in higher education (HE). Based on case examples, the legal and discursive status quo in German and Dutch HE institutions as well as actors’ motivations, challenges and opportunities are examined through a queer lens. The results highlight how differently EU legislation is transposed into national law. They also show that change is currently driven by highly motivated individual actors, be they students, gender equality and diversity officers, or individual institutions. We argue that queering and diversifying should be understood and used as modes to reflect on and analyse the processes that lead to heteronormative understandings of gender in HE and to develop strategies that take the complexities of gendered identities and discrimination into account.
Gender and Race Intersectional Effects in the U.S. Engineering Workforce : Who Stays? Who Leaves?
Autor/in:
Tao, Yu; McNeely, Connie L.
Quelle: GST (International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology), 11 (2019) 1, S 181–202
Inhalt: In many countries, engineering remains a field in which women are highly underrepresented, raising questions not only of equal access, but also of underutilized and wasted potential in engineering talent. The United States is one such country, with women representing only 15% of the engineering workforce. Moreover, even if initially entering the field, women in the United States are more likely than men to leave engineering altogether. This study further analyzes this situation, recognizing that women are a demographically varied group and questioning how differences among them might be reflected in engineering participation outcomes. Emphasizing race and gender, and employing logit regression and marginal effects tests, it considers intersectional configurations to examine probabilities of staying and working in engineering occupations among recipients of engineering degrees. Different gendered patterns are revealed for working in engineering among Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, and White Americans. Moreover, gender and race groups present varying retention rates in engineering occupations over time. Findings also confirm inter- and intra-group gender and racial/ethnic differences and disparities that would not have been revealed without attention to intersectional effects on participation in engineering fields.
Success against the odds : The Effect of Mentoing on the Careers of Senior Black and Minority Ethnic Academics in the UK
Autor/in:
Bhopal, Kalwant
Quelle: British Journal of Educational Studies, 14 (2019) 4, S 1–17
Inhalt: This article explores the effect of mentoring on the career progression of Black and minority ethnic (BME) academics in senior roles in UK higher education institutions (HEIs). It draws on 37 interviews with BME academics working in HEIs in the UK and argues that whilst universities present a strong rhetoric of equality and diversity; this is not necessarily followed by specific policies and procedures which ensure a serious commitment to an equality agenda.
Schlagwörter:Diversität; impact; Intersektionalität; Mentoring; Networking; Netzwerk; people of color; Rassismus; UK; Unterstützungsmaßnahmen
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik, Hochschulen
The Widening Participation Agenda in German Higher Education : Discourses and Legitimizing Strategies
Autor/in:
Mergner, Julia; Leišytė, Liudvika; Bosse, Elke
Quelle: SI (Social Inclusion), 7 (2019) 1, 61 S
Inhalt: Although participation in higher education (HE) has expanded in Europe, social inequalities remain a major political chal-lenge. As HE expansion has not led to equal access and success, the mechanisms behind policies seeking to reduce in-equalities need to be examined. Focusing on the widening participation agenda, this article investigates how universities translate political demands to their local contexts. The translation perspective is adopted to study the German HE system as an example characterized by high social exclusion. Based on policy document analysis, the study first explores the ra-tionales underlying the discourse on widening participation. Second, a multiple case study design is used to investigate the organizational responses to the demand of widening participation. The findings indicate that the political discourseis dominated by two perspectives that regard widening participation as either a means to bring about social justice or toensure a reliable pool of skilled labor. The study further reveals that different legitimizing strategies serve to link the policyof widening participation to local contexts. This study contributes to research on social inequalities in HE by introducinga translation perspective that permits analysis at both macro and organizational levels, while acknowledging institutionalvariations in organizational responses to political demands.
Schlagwörter:German higher education; legitimizing strategies; policy discourse; qualitative content analysis; Scandinavian institutionalism; translation perspective; university for all; widening participation
Quelle: APSC (PS: Political Science & Politics), 52 (2019) 1, S 35–38
Inhalt: We are three women political scientists. Two of us are women of color (black women), two are mothers, one has a chronic illness; we all identify as first-generation college students. We care about our students and about our research; we strive for emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. We know that the expectation for managing our complex lives is to find work–life balance. Work–life balance is a gold standard: something employers are meant to help us achieve and something for which we are supposed to strive. We have even come to expect it for ourselves.
Autor/in:
McKinzie, Ashleigh E.; Richards, Patricia L.
Quelle: sociology compass, 13 (2019) 4, 14 S
Inhalt: The concept of intersectionality has fundamentally changed
feminist theorizing and the study of women and gender.
However, intersectional research, theorizing, and practice
also have been subject to important critiques. This article
provides a brief genealogy of intersectionality and summarizes
major critiques. We recognize value in these critiques
as well as the ongoing power of an intersectional lens. We
therefore advocate what we call “context‐driven
intersectionality,” arguing that attention to the historical,
political, economic, and social factors that shape power relationships
and social structures is critical to conducting
robust intersectional analyses that avoid reification of social
categories and inequalities.
Gender, ethnicity and career progression in UK higher education : A case study analysis
Autor/in:
Bhopal, Kalwant
Quelle: Research Papers in Education, 34 (2019) 3, S 1–16
Inhalt: This article uses case study interviews to examine women’s experiences in higher education. It focuses on career progression, support available for promotion and particular initiatives for staff retention. The findings suggest that whilst some progress has been made to support White and Black and minority ethnic women in their career trajectories, greater change is needed in order that inclusion is embedded within institutional frameworks and strategic plans. Furthermore, clearer evidence is needed by universities to demonstrate how they are meeting their legal equality requirements as specified by the Equality Act (2010). The mere presence of diversity and equality policies does not necessarily demonstrate that gender and ethnic inequalities are being addressed. Such policies may simply result in a ‘tick box’ exercise. In order to address such inequalities, issues of diversity and equality must be embedded within the cultural organisation of institutions which are identified in key objectives resulting in real outcomes and practice. Additionally, there is a need to consider intersectional identities and the impact of ethnicity on women’s experiences in higher education.
Competing inequalities : Gender versus race in higher education institutions in the UK
Autor/in:
Bhopal, Kalwant; Henderson, Holly
Quelle: Educational Review, 42 (2019) 2, S 1–17
Inhalt: This article explores findings from two projects that explore the impacts and institutional experiences of the Athena SWAN (ASC) and Race Equality (REC) Charter Marks in UK universities. The article offers an important, timely and original insight into the ways that these two charter marks are shaping and influencing practice in universities. We argue that in higher education policymaking, there has been a privileging of gender over race in terms of addressing inequalities in higher education. Whilst acknowledging the persistence of inequalities in both groups, the data from our projects highlight a significant risk that gender and race inequalities become conflated in current equalities work. We argue that as a consequence of a logic of efficiency that drives Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to combine gender and race equalities work, and the privileging within this combination of gender, HEIs can publicly work towards equality and inclusion in general terms, without having to confront uncomfortable and deeply embedded practices that perpetuate White privilege in the academy.
Schlagwörter:Antidiskriminierung; Diskriminierung; Gender; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Hochschule; race; Rassismus; UK
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen
Transgender experiences and transphobia in higher education
Autor/in:
Siegel, Derek P.
Quelle: Sociology Compass, 13 (2019) 10
Inhalt: While categories like “campus climate” highlight variation across institutions, trans people's experiences also vary within an institutional context. By studying trans people's experiences in higher education, however, we can better understand and respond to the differentiated and changing needs of transgender people in other arenas. In this paper, I review key qualitative and quantitative findings along several themes: (a) disclosing trans identities, (b) trans communities, and (c) resources and career-level support. Specifically, I use the concept of microclimates to explain how trans people encounter various forms of support and discrimination on campus. For example, someone might receive support from particular individuals, such as an advisor, or spaces, like a gender studies classroom, but not others. Researchers also report both similarities and differences between binary and nonbinary trans people, as well as between transgender men and transgender women, suggesting that there is no universal trans experience, nor a one-size-fits-all approach to supporting trans students and faculty members. Challenging interpersonal and systemic transphobia requires context-specific interventions.
Schlagwörter:campus; faculty member; higher education; Hochschule; student; trans communities; trans identities; Transgeschlechtlichkeit; transphobia