Characteristics of precollege sexual violence victimization and associations with sexual violence revictimization during college
Autor/in:
Anderson, Jocelyn C.; Chugani, Carla D.; Jones, Kelley A.; Coulter, Robert W. S.; Chung, Tammy; Miller, Elizabeth
Quelle: Journal of American college health : J of ACH, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of precollege sexual victimization (SV) experiences and associations with revictimization and recent substance use behaviors among a sample of college students who reported precollege SV.
PARTICIPANTS
A sub-sample of 931 college students who reported precollege SV at baseline data collection for an ongoing multi-site clinical trial.
METHODS
Data were collected via electronic surveys between September 2015 and March 2017. Measures included precollege and during college SV, recent substance use, and alcohol-related harm reduction behaviors.
RESULTS
Precollege SV characteristics associated with revictimization included: Nonpenile penetration (aOR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19); pressured sex (aOR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.06-2.01); and stranger assault (aOR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.22-3.40). Past 30-day binge drinking was also associated with revictimization (aOR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.36-2.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between precollege SV and alcohol, especially binge drinking, may require a more integrated approach to preventing subsequent revictimization.
Schlagwörter:Alkohol; harm reduction; Schadensbegrenzung; sexual assault
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Applying the Haddon Matrix to evaluate sexual assault interventions on college campuses
Autor/in:
Mahoney, Patricia; Gielen, Andrea C.; Bailey, Maryanne M.; Gabel, Colby
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–8
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
A Haddon Matrix analysis was used to systematically review literature evaluating college campus sexual assault prevention programs to identify research gaps and intervention opportunities.
METHODS
Articles included were published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017; indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, or Scopus; involving English-speaking undergraduate students in the US; with experimental or quasi-experimental design.
RESULTS
All 31 eligible studies evaluated educational programing; all relied on self-report measures; and three-quarters had follow-up periods ≤ 6 months. Significant positive effects were reported by 6 of 10 studies that measured bystander behavior, 6 of 10 that educated potential victims and assessed victimization, and one of four that educated potential perpetrators and measured perpetration.
CONCLUSION
The Haddon Matrix analysis identified the need for interventions that address perpetrators and the post-assault period, as well as studies of the impact of enforcing existing policies and new environmental and situational approaches to sexual assault prevention.
Schlagwörter:campus; Haddon Matrix; Intervention; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
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OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
Schlagwörter:campus; Nonresponse; sexual assault; sexuelle Belästigung; Student; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Transgender college students: : Academic resilience and striving to cope in the face of marginalized health
Autor/in:
Messman, Jenna B.; Leslie, Leigh A.
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, 67 (2019) 2, S 161–173
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To examine health behavior and outcome disparities between transgender, female, and male participants in a national sample of US college students. Participants and Method Summary: Analyses utilized secondary data from 32,964 undergraduate and graduate students responding to the Fall 2013 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment; 65.8% were female, 0.4% were transgender, 67.9% were white, and 90.4% were heterosexual.
RESULTS
Transgender students reported more mental health diagnoses, trauma, and suicidality; experienced more violence and less safety, reported more sex partners and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); higher rates of illicit and nonprescription substance use and binge drinking use while engaging in less harm reduction behavior; and reported more barriers to academic success.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an established need for college clinicians and health educators to reduce these disparate outcomes once students arrive on campus through professional training and culturally competent campus prevention and intervention efforts to promote health equity.
Inhalt: Ein wesentliches Motiv von Hochschullehrenden zur Einbeziehung von Genderaspekten in die Lehre an Hochschulen und Universitäten ist die Herstellung von Chancengleichheit und die Vermeidung von Diskriminierung. Die Vorsitzende des Kompetenzzentrums Technik-Diversity-Chancengleichheit Prof. Schwarze erläutert in ihrem Beitrag in der aktuellen Ausgabe des Magazin "Die Ingenieurin" wie durch geeignete Lehrmethoden eine Stärkung der Studienmotivation und eine Selbstvergewisserung der eigenen Kompetenzen von Studentinnen und Studenten wie auch von Studierenden, die sich keinem der beiden Geschlechter zugehörig fühlen, ermöglicht werden kann.
Schlagwörter:Genderaspekte in der Lehre; Kompetenzförderung; MINT; Studienmotivation; Studierende
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen
Der Hörsaal ist nicht geschlechtsneutral! Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
Autor/in:
Wolf, Elke
Quelle: Die neue Hochschule, 60 (2018) 1, S 24–27
Schlagwörter:Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Geschlechterverhältnis; Wissenschaftlerin
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Interventionen in Geschlechterpolitiken von Fachkulturen, Epistemen und Artefakten der Natur-, Technik- und Planungswissenschaften : Fallbeispiele aus der Lehrforschung
Autor/in:
Lucht, Petra
Quelle: OPEN GENDER JOURNAL, (2018) 2
Inhalt: Gender Studies zu Natur-, Technik- und Planungswissenschaften weisen Asymmetrien bezüglich der fokussierten Forschungsschwerpunkte auf: Während die Situation von Frauen* in Ausbildung und Beruf im Zentrum steht, werden Forschungsergebnisse zu Fachkulturen, Epistemen und Artefakten nicht systematisch in Inhalte und Anwendungen der MINT-Fächer und Planungswissenschaften integriert. Das nachfolgend dargelegte Konzept ermöglicht es, Fallstudien zu diesen Forschungsperspektiven zu erarbeiten. Es wurde 2013-2016 an der Technischen Universität Berlin für das Studienprogramm Gender Pro MINT von mir entwickelt und umgesetzt. Die hier präsentierten Fallstudien sind als Abschlussarbeiten von Absolvent_innen des Studienprogramms angefertigt worden und zeigen verschiedene Ansatzpunkte für transdisziplinäre, feministische Interventionen in die Geschlechterpolitiken von Fachkulturen, Epistemen und Artefakten der Natur-, Technik- und Planungswissenschaften für geschlechtergerechte Vielfalt auf.
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Studium und Studierende
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Soziale Ungleichheiten auf dem Weg in die wissenschaftliche Karriere : Sensible Phasen zwischen Hochschulreife und Post-Doc-Position
Autor/in:
Lörz, Markus; Schindler, Steffen
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 38 (2016) 4, S 14–39
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag richtet den Blick auf die sozialen Ungleichheiten in der Phase vom Erwerb der Hochschulreife bis zum Zugang zu akademischen Positionen in der Wis - senschaft. Auf Basis der DZHW-Studienberechtigtenbefragung 1990 wird über einen Zeitraum von zwanzig Jahren untersucht, wie sich die Bildungsverläufe nach der sozialen Herkunft unterscheiden und auf welche Ursachen die Unterrepräsentation der weniger privilegierten Gruppen in wissenschaftlichen Positionen zurückzuführen ist. Die empirischen Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die größten sozialen Dispari - täten jeweils an den institutionellen Übergängen in die nächsthöhere Bildungsstufe auftreten. Diese resultieren vorwiegend aus sozialen Unterschieden in den Bildungs - entscheidungen. Es zeigen sich aber auch soziale Unterschiede im Hinblick auf den erfolgreichen Abschluss einer Bildungsstufe. Darüber hinaus tragen auch bildungsbio - graphische Pfadabhängigkeiten zu den herkunftsspezifischen Unterschieden beim Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Karrieren bei
Neoliberalisation and ‘Lad Cultures’ in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Phipps, Alison; Young, Isabel
Quelle: Sociology, 49 (2015) 2, S 305–322
Inhalt: This article links HE neoliberalisation and ‘lad cultures’, drawing on interviews and focus groups with women students. We argue that retro-sexist ‘laddish’ forms of masculine competitiveness and misogyny have been reshaped by neoliberal rationalities to become modes of consumerist sexualised audit. We also suggest that neoliberal frameworks scaffold an individualistic and adversarial culture amongst young people that interacts with perceived threats to men’s privilege and intensifies attempts to put women in their place through misogyny and sexual harassment. Furthermore, ‘lad cultures’, sexism and sexual harassment in higher education may be rendered invisible by institutions to preserve marketability in a neoliberal context. In response, we ask if we might foster dialogue and partnership between feminist and anti-marketisation politics.
Schlagwörter:culture; higher education; Marketing; neoliberal university; sexism; sexual harassment; sexuality; UK
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt