Quelle: Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU); Oslo, 2021.
Inhalt: NIFU’s analysis of the coronavirus pandemic’s effects on the university and university college sector:
The analysis is based on surveys of 22 000 students and nearly 4 000 employees, in addition to interviews with 36 informants at three selected institutions.
The surveys were conducted in autumn 2020 and focused mainly on the 2020 spring semester. The interviews took place in early 2021.
The switch to digital instruction has been highly time-consuming for research staff, with less priority given to research.
Despite the extra effort on teaching, two out of three students have received less instruction.
Mid-career researchers with responsibilities for young children and lacking a suitable workplace have felt the most pressure to deprioritize research activities.
Seven in 10 research fellows expect their doctoral projects to be delayed. Among PhD candidates and post-docs, 40 per cent believe the pandemic will affect their future careers negatively.
Most interviewees said they believe the pandemic will lead to more digital instruction and less travel in future.
The survey was commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Research.
Norwegian Association of Researchers
The survey was distributed to about 10 000 members at universities and university colleges – 37 institutions in all. The survey was sent out in October 2020 in both Norwegian and English.
There were 4 883 respondents, or 49 per cent of those asked to participate.
Inhalt: We examine the dramatic expansion in the Turkish higher education system during 2006-2008, which resulted in the establishment of 41 new public universities and a 60% increase in the number of available slots. Using the variation in the exposure intensity of expansion across cohorts and regions, we estimate the causal effect of the expansion on overall attainment and the gender gap in higher education. Before the expansion, women had lower higher education rates. The expansion increased the attainment rates of both men and women but failed to reduce the gender gap. Comparing the scale of expansion across fields of study, we observe that the largest growth in available slots was in social sciences and engineering. The expansion of slots in social sciences benefited men and women evenly, but the expansion in engineering benefited men more than women, thereby raising the gender gap.
Wissenschaft weltoffen 2017. Daten und Fakten zur Internationalität von Studium und Forschung in Deutschland : Fokus: Akademische Mobilität und Kooperation im Ostseeraum
Herausgeber/in:
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD); Deutsches Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW)
Quelle: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD); Deutsches Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW); Bielefeld, 2017.
From higher education to work : patterns of labor market entry in Germany and the US
Titelübersetzung:Der Übergang von der Hochschule in Arbeit : Muster des Arbeitsmarkteintritts in Deutschland und den USA
Autor/in:
Jacob, Marita; Weiss, Felix
Quelle: Mannheim (Arbeitspapiere / Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung, Nr. 110), 2008. 25 S.
Inhalt: "Previous comparative studies describing the transition from school to work and national patterns of labor market entry have often had to simplify the complex transition processes involved. For example, the first job after education is not easy to define if a person returns to education. In addition, most of this research has concentrated on national patterns shaped by the experiences of the majority of young people. In this paper we concentrate on a particular group of school-leavers, viz. those entitled to enroll in higher education. We describe their transition patterns from school to work, including recurrent education leading to more than one instance of labor market entry after leaving education. A comparison between Germany and the United States enables us to answer the question of how various features of the tertiary education systems influence these patterns, i.e. the number of people actually returning to education and the time it takes to finally enter the labor market. The systems of higher education in Germany and the US differ in several ways that we assume to be important for the transition patterns from school to work: (a) the mode of stratification (parallel tracks in Germany vs. consecutive tracks in the US) provides different labor-market prospects and incentives for returning to education; (b) the coordination mechanism (state-controlled vs. market-based) is decisive for the diversity of institutions and their orientation to particular target groups; (c) the degree of standardization in educational programs is important for more or less smooth transitions to the labor market. Taking into account that labor-market flexibility also differs in the two countries, we derive our main hypothesis: transition patterns from higher education to the labor market in the US are less standardized and regulated than in Germany. We expect that students attending the lower-tier institutions in the US (community colleges) will display significant differences in this respect over and against their German counterparts attending a Fachhochschule (university of applied sciences). In our empirical analyses we actually find overall differences with regard to variance in the ages at which young people leave education and enter the labor market. US students gain much more labor-market experience in the period between their initial and ultimate exit from education. Differences between lower- and higher-tier institutions are less marked than expected, both within and between the two countries." (author's abstract)
17 Millionen Studenten an den Hochschulen der Europäischen Union : Studierende 2002/2003 - Hochschulabsolventen 2003
Titelübersetzung:17 million tertiary students in the European Union : enrolments 2002/03 - graduates 2003 in tertiary education
Autor/in:
Andren, Birgitta
Quelle: Statistisches Amt -EUROSTAT-, Europäische Kommission; Luxembourg (Statistik kurz gefasst : Bevölkerung und soziale Bedingungen, 19/2005), 2005. 11 S.
Inhalt: Anhand der jährlichen Datensammlung UOE (Statistisches Amt der UNESCO, OECD und Eurostat) und der Arbeitskräfteerhebung der EU (AKE) analysiert der Beitrag Bildung und Weiterbildung in der EU. Die Zahl der Studenten an den Hochschulen in EU-25 belief sich 2002/03 auf knapp 17 Millionen. Das bedeutet einen Anstieg um 2,5 Millionen oder 17 Prozent innerhalb von fünf Jahren (seit 1997/98). Die Zahl der Studierenden in Bildungsgängen der Stufe ISCED 6 - weiterführende Studien, die zu einer höheren Forschungsqualifikation führen - hat sich um 30 Prozent erhöht, von rund 400.000 auf 500.000. Anhand der Absolventenzahlen lässt sich die Zahl der Studenten im Bereich ISCED 6 in Deutschland für das Jahr 2002/03 auf mindestens 75.000 schätzen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Studienanfängerquoten zwischen den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten um den Faktor Zwei variieren und dass eine breite Altersspanne bei den Studierenden in Großbritannien und Schweden sowie in vielen anderen Ländern existiert. Die Daten zeigen, dass ein Drittel der Studierenden in den Sozialwissenschaften, Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften eingeschrieben sind und dass mehr Frauen als Männer die Studiengänge des Tertiärbereiches belegen. Zudem wird nachgewiesen, dass die Zahl der Hochschulabsolventen im Verhältnis zur Altersgruppe der 20- bis 29-Jährigen in der Bevölkerung in der EU um den Faktor Drei variiert und dass die Zahl der Hochschulabsolventen in fünf Jahren um mehr als 30 Prozent gestiegen ist. Frauen sind unter den Hochschulabsolventen deutlicher in der Überzahl als unter den Studierenden. Die Hochschulausbildung in Großbritannien und in Schweden ist am kürzesten, während sie in Italien, Österreich, der Tschechischen Republik und der Slowakei mit fünf Jahren und mehr am höchsten ist. Immer mehr Absolventen kommen aus den naturwissenschaftlichen und technischen Fächern, wobei sich Absolventenzahlen in den Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Informatik in einigen der neuen Mitgliedstaaten mehr als verdoppelt haben. (IAB)
Inhalt: "The number of tertiary students in the European Union has increased by 17% and the number of graduates by more than 30% between 1998 and 2003. The differences between countries are marked. The participation and graduation rates and the age span among students vary by a factor of three as well as the tertiary education attainment in younger age-groups. These and other data on tertiary education are presented in the SIF." (author's abstract)