Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the first "YES"
Autor/in:
Toulemon, Laurent
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 179-200
Inhalt: "Together with three colleagues, the author has been asked by the MPIDR to debate
the following question: 'Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing
for gender equality to raise fertility?' Setting aside the 'lighthearted' side of
this 'Rostocker Debate', (12 minutes for each speech, one minute for each comment),
the author saws this as a good opportunity to think about the stakes behind the question.
In order to address this complex issue, it is necessary to think about the many 'preliminary
questions' that we have to ponder before responding: Why should fertility be raised?
Are political measures legitimate? Are they efficient? On what basis are we qualified
to give 'expert' opinions on such a topic? When the question comes to the fore, we
as scholars are sometimes asked to provide an answer. It would, of course, be more
comfortable not to answer, but our interlocutors (politicians, journalists, teachers,
and also funding agencies) often want a definite response one way or the other. Even
though our position may be a matter of politics as well as a matter of science, we
must give an answer. The empirical evidence shows that European countries where gender
inequality is lower are also the countries where fertility is the highest. This is
the evidence-based response that we can give to that question. European countries
need to find a new equilibrium after the end of the baby boom period, when gender
equality was very low. In all countries, the empowerment of women is underway, thanks
to the economic independence given by work-related income. Increasing gender equality
is an efficient way to reduce the opportunity costs of having and raising children,
and thus to increase fertility. Finally, 'pushing for gender equality' may have many
positive effects other than raising fertility, and has few negative side effects.
Gender equality is thus a convenient political aim per se; an institutional goal which
leaves many political questions open. So, yes, we agree that governments in Europe
should be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility!" (author's
abstract)|
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the first "YES"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : die Antwort ist "ja"
Autor/in:
Toulemon, Laurent
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 179-200
Inhalt: "Together with three colleagues, the author has been asked by the MPIDR to debate the following question: 'Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility?' Setting aside the 'lighthearted' side of this 'Rostocker Debate', (12 minutes for each speech, one minute for each comment), the author saws this as a good opportunity to think about the stakes behind the question. In order to address this complex issue, it is necessary to think about the many 'preliminary questions' that we have to ponder before responding: Why should fertility be raised? Are political measures legitimate? Are they efficient? On what basis are we qualified to give 'expert' opinions on such a topic? When the question comes to the fore, we as scholars are sometimes asked to provide an answer. It would, of course, be more comfortable not to answer, but our interlocutors (politicians, journalists, teachers, and also funding agencies) often want a definite response one way or the other. Even though our position may be a matter of politics as well as a matter of science, we must give an answer. The empirical evidence shows that European countries where gender inequality is lower are also the countries where fertility is the highest. This is the evidence-based response that we can give to that question. European countries need to find a new equilibrium after the end of the baby boom period, when gender equality was very low. In all countries, the empowerment of women is underway, thanks to the economic independence given by work-related income. Increasing gender equality is an efficient way to reduce the opportunity costs of having and raising children, and thus to increase fertility. Finally, 'pushing for gender equality' may have many positive effects other than raising fertility, and has few negative side effects. Gender equality is thus a convenient political aim per se; an institutional goal which leaves many political questions open. So, yes, we agree that governments in Europe should be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility!" (author's abstract)
Gleichstellung in Deutschland im europäischen Vergleich
Titelübersetzung:Affirmative action in Germany in a European comparison
Autor/in:
Fuchs, Gesine; Bothfeld, Silke
Quelle: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte : Beilage zur Wochenzeitung Das Parlament, Jg. 61 (2011) H. 37/38, S. 7-18
Inhalt: "Die Gleichstellung ist ein vielschichtiges Ziel, das neben gleichen Rechten und Pflichten auch gleiche Chancen auf Geld, Macht, Zeit und Anerkennung einschließt. Im europäischen Vergleich nimmt Deutschland eine Position im Mittelfeld ein." (Autorenreferat)
Familienpolitik ohne Gleichstellungspolitik? : zu einigen Paradoxien aktueller familienpolitischer Interventionen in Deutschland
Titelübersetzung:Family policies in conflict with gender equality? : reflections on paradox performances in the recent reform processes in Germany
Autor/in:
Veil, Mechthild
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 28 (2010) Nr. 2, S. 214-228
Inhalt: "This article analyses the lack of gender equality within the realm of family policies in Germany due to the conservative corporate model of welfare-regime (Esping Andersen). Family policies in western Germany have promoted strong male breadwinner models which will become obsolete but [always] still persist. We argue that the recent turn in family policies which started at the beginning of this century can be seen as a late modernisation focussing on reforms which connect family policies with employment policy, and gender equality with the demands of employed parents. Two reforms, representative for this change are analysed in detail: the programme to significantly expand (of) publicly-provided childcare for young children (TAG) and the introduction of an earning-related parental benefit which strengthens the role of fathers as caregivers. Special attention is given to the expansion of family policies at the company level. Whether this 'economic turn' is actually having an additional impact on gender equality is highly disputed in feminist studies." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gleichstellungspolitik im Spannungsfeld unterschiedlicher Spielarten von Geschlechterwissen : eine wissenssoziologische Rekonstruktion
Titelübersetzung:Gender expertise, feminist theory and everyday knowledge of gender : a sociological reconstruction of different types of gender knowledge
Autor/in:
Wetterer, Angelika
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 1 (2009) H. 2, S. 45-60
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass gleichstellungspolitisch engagierte Genderexpertinnen, feministische Theoretikerinnen und die Frauen und Männer auf der Straße heute sehr Unterschiedliches über die Geschlechter wissen, und fragt danach, worauf diese Unterschiede im Geschlechterwissen zurückzuführen sind. Im Anschluss an wissenssoziologische Überlegungen wird eine 'Typologie des Geschlechterwissens' entwickelt, die den reflexiven Zusammenhang von Wissen und Handeln in den Mittelpunkt stellt und zeigt, dass den drei Wissenstypen unterschiedliche Konstellationen sozialer Praxis korrespondieren: Jede Spielart von Geschlechterwissen ermöglicht eine spezifische Form sozialen Handelns, weshalb sich die Akteurinnen nur ungern eines Besseren belehren lassen. Das stellt die Gleichstellungspolitik vor Herausforderungen, die bislang kaum bedacht worden sind." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Gender expertise, feminist theory and the everyday knowledge of gender represent different types of gender knowledge that correspond to different constellations of social practice. Each type of gender knowledge enables a specific mode of social action: using expertise in organisations and areas of gender politics, practicing feminist science within the scientific community, or enacting gender in everyday life. Accordingly, the difference between the three types of gender knowledge is not hierarchical but qualitative: The actors in different constellations of social practice have to refer to their specific mode of gender knowledge to be accepted as gender experts, feminist scientists or competent members of society. This perspective is an often neglected challenge for gender politics and gender training programs." (author's abstract)
Reform, Revision, Radikalisierung : über die Krise gegenwärtiger Gleichstellungspolitik
Titelübersetzung:Reform, revision, radicalization : the crisis in current equal opportunity policy
Autor/in:
Harzer, Regina
Quelle: IFFOnZeit : Onlinezeitschrift des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 1 (2009) Nr. 1, S. 32-43
Inhalt: "Gleichstellungspolitik kann - wie jede Politik - in historische Phasen eingeteilt und zugeordnet werden. Das gilt auch für rechtliche Zusammenhänge und Entwicklungslinien des Rechts der Gleichstellung. Zwar handelt es sich beim Gleichstellungsrecht um ein relativ junges Rechtsgebiet, dennoch zeichnen sich bereits Konstellationen ab, die politisch sowie historisch zuordnungsfähig sind. Die Autorin stellt deshalb ein Drei-Phasen-Modell vor, in dem sich Gleichstellungspolitik und Gleichstellungsrecht wechselseitige Bedingungen zumuten. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele erfolgt aus gleichstellungsrechtlicher Sicht eine kritische Betrachtung zum gegenwärtigen Stand gleichstellungspolitischer Umsetzungskonzepte und ihrer entsprechenden Strategien in der alltäglichen Praxis von Gleichstellung. Stärken und Schwächen der Gleichstellungspolitik werden herausgearbeitet und Perspektiven entworfen." (Autorenreferat)
From formal adoption to enforcement : post-accession shifts in EU impact on Hungary in the equality policy field
Titelübersetzung:Von formaler Annahme zur Durchsetzung : Auswirkungen des EU-Beitritts auf die Gleichstellungspolitik Ungarns
Autor/in:
Krizsan, Andrea
Quelle: European Integration online Papers, Special Issue, Vol. 13 (2009) Iss. 2, 18 S.
Inhalt: "Research on EU conditionality in equality policy in Hungary shows that while the formal EU acquis has been transposed in a fast and successful way, its enforcement and application largely lag behind. Most researchers explain this weak enforcement with factors such as state capacity problems, the absence of inclusive policy making, and low norm resonance at the domestic level. This paper analyzes how changes in EU influence in the post-accession, post-conditionality period contribute to maintaining compliance with and improving the enforcement of EU equality policy in Hungary. It aims to understand implementation processes that take place in the post-accession period through the Hungarian case of equality policy. The paper argues that in order to capture the impact of the EU in the post-accession period, one must look beyond formal transposition-related mechanisms and increasingly at financial assistance and social learning mechanisms. While mechanisms connected to formal transposition might suggest major drawbacks in formal compliance, financial assistance and social learning mechanisms seem to address more directly the application and enforcement problems that Hungary faces in the equality realm. The paper shows that these mechanisms directly and indirectly impact the most crucial factors that determine enforcement - state capacity, the strength and involvement of civil society, and norm resonance. A slow but steady move toward sustainable improvement in enforcement is indicated." (author's abstract)
Post-accession compliance with EU gender equality legislation in post-communist new member states
Titelübersetzung:Einhaltung der EU-Rechtsvorschriften zur Gleichstellung nach dem EU-Beitritt in den postkommunistischen neuen Mitgliedstaaten
Autor/in:
Sedelmeier, Ulrich
Quelle: European Integration online Papers, Special Issue, Vol. 13 (2009) Iss. 2, 20 S.
Inhalt: "This paper analyses the transposition of EU legislation on gender equality at the workplace in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovenia, as well as the enforcement powers of their national equality institutions. It does not find significant differences between post- and pre-accession compliance. Overall compliance can be considered good in Hungary, Lithuania, and Slovenia, while it is considerably worse in the Czech Republic - both pre- and post-accession. As an explanation for these variations in legal transposition and enforcement bodies, the paper finds two equifinal paths towards correct transposition of EU gender equality legislation and strong enforcement bodies: either the absence of high adjustment costs, or the combination of strong social democratic governments and NGOs with special expertise in EU gender equality legislation." (author's abstract)
Gleichstellungspolitik und feministische Politikwissenschaft : eine "unsichtbare Avantgarde" der Governance-Forschung?
Titelübersetzung:Equal opportunity policy and feminist political science : the "invisible avantgarde" of governance research?
Autor/in:
Bothfeld, Silke; Kuhl, Mara
Quelle: Politische Vierteljahresschrift : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft, Sonderheft, (2008) H. 41, S. 330-351
Inhalt: "In Deutschland wurde Gleichstellungspolitik von Beginn an über Steuerungsformen betrieben, die heute Gegenstand der Governance-Forschung sind. Die feministische Politikwissenschaft kann darum dieser neuen Forschungsperspektive wichtige Antworten zu ihren Kernfragen anbieten. Im Rückgriff auf zentrale Ergebnisse feministischer Forschung machen die Autorinnen die Grenzen der Steuerbarkeit in den Bereichen Recht, Ökonomie und Sozialpolitik deutlich. Konkret wird die Vielfalt der Governanceformen und -modi an der Politik zu Entgeltgleichheit, zu Gleichheit in der Sorgearbeit und in der Verwaltungspolitik herausgearbeitet. Im Fazit werden die Synergieeffekte und die gemeinsamen Anliegen der feministischen Politikwissenschaft und der Governance-Forschung aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In Germany equal opportunity policy has since the beginning been conducted by forms of regulation which are currently the subject of governance research. Feminist political science can thus offer important answers to the core questions of this new research perspective. By drawing on the main results of feminist research, the authors first clarify the boundaries of governance in the areas of law, the economy, and social policy. Specifically, the diversity of forms and modes of governance are illustrated for policies concerning wage equality, equality in childcare, and in administrative policy. In the conclusion the authors address the synergetic effects and the common concerns of feminist political science and governance research." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Politik und Geschlecht : programmatische Gleichheit und die Praxis der Differenzierung
Titelübersetzung:Politics and gender : programmatic equality and differentiation practice
Autor/in:
Gildemeister, Regine; Robert, Günther
Quelle: Soziale Welt, Sonderband : Zeitschrift für sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung und Praxis, (2003) Nr. 14, S. 217-239
Inhalt: Die Autoren beleuchten die Logik und die Wirkungen einer binär verfassten sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht aus einer wissenssoziologischen Perspektive. Nach einer einleitenden Erörterung der Grenzen und Gefahren einer Kategorisierung von "Geschlecht" betrachten sie die alltägliche soziale Praxis im Medium kommunikativer Interaktionen sowie den Stellenwert der sozialen Form der heterosexuellen Paarbeziehung. Sie untersuchen ferner die Dimension der institutionellen Ordnungen am Beispiel der Politik der Gleichstellung bzw. des "Gender Mainstreaming". Sie möchten mit ihren Ausführungen zeigen, dass im Rahmen institutionalisierter Politik Präsuppositionen und Bezugnahmen strukturell unterstellbar und auch empirisch nachweisbar sind: Politik referiert auf gesellschaftliche Konstrukte und reformuliert diese auf der Grundlage eigener Deutungssysteme und Semantiken. Die Autoren diskutieren unterschiedliche Dimensionen und Aggregationsebenen der sozialen Wirklichkeit von Geschlecht, auf die sich die Politik bezieht bzw. die Politik in der Art ihres Bezuges voraussetzt. (ICI)