Women in higher education in Poland : the hidden face of the process of feminisation
Autor/in:
Portet, Stéphane
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/03), 2001. 40 S.
Details
Inhalt: "During the last decade the Polish higher education has undergone a great transformation. The law on higher education voted in 1990, just after the systemic changes, is still ruling the system today. This law was the base of the development of private higher education and of the increasing autonomy of the state system. The most important facts concerning this period are: the increase of the number of students, marketisation, and the creation of new diplomas corresponding to European norms. Poland has 1.431.900 students, 56.9% are women (year 1999, source: GUS 2000). The number of students has increased by 455% since 1990. This increase has been accompanied by the development of the private sector. A third of students are registered in such schools, mostly in Finance, Banking and Management and Law. There are 174 private higher education institutions out of a total of 287 (among them fifteen universities). For 1999, the number of students registered in the first year in private institutions is almost equal to the number in state institutions. A great part of the increase in the number of students is due to the development of evening, extramural, external and week-end courses. This could be considered a particularity of the Polish system. Students enrolled in daily courses represent only 46% of the total. These kind of daily studies are the only ones to be free of charges. A great deal of students registered in private higher education institutions come from the lower social classes and rural areas. The Polish system is divided into universities and professional higher education institutions. Since 1997, professional high education institutions propose two stage-degrees: a bachelor degree (three years, 'licencjat', or four years 'Engineer') and a master's degree. This seems to better correspond to the needs of the economy towards intermediate management and at the same in accordance with the European model. A new law which is still in debate proposes to extend this system to the universities. This reform raises a debate about what constitutes Higher Education. The main issues are the problem of the quality of studies, the financial autonomy of higher education institutions, the level of scientific activities and the management of academic staff's careers. Concerning the academic staff the Polish system appears to be really hierarchical with many types of appointments. It is facing a difficult financial situation which forced most of academics to find supplementary job. In the last period, the academic staff has become more and more feminised, even if at the top positions men are still the majority. But such a feminisation appears at a time where academic appointments are less and less interesting in comparison to the opportunities offered by the private sector. Which is the reason why one could say that women are 'winners among losers'." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Polen; Hochschulwesen; Wissenschaftlerin; Bildungswesen; Studentin; Hochschulbildung; Hochschullehrerin; postsozialistisches Land
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Higher education in Sweden : between 'rolling reforms' and stable patterns
Autor/in:
Schenk, Anett
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/02), 2001. 62 S.
Details
Inhalt: "Both gender equality and education policy are important priorities on the political agenda in Europe. The Research and Training Network 'Women in European Universities' focuses on higher education and women's career-perspectives in systems of higher education of seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The main focus of the project is to explore the 'glass-ceiling' that women meet when they chose a career in academia and strive for top rank positions such as professorships. As a first step in our research, it is important to understand the different systems of higher education, as well as recent changes and challenges to women in academia. This contextual analysis is one result of the first phase of the research project and shall provide information about the Swedish system of higher education. The Swedish system of higher education underwent fundamental changes in both organisational form and ideological practice during the last thirty years. Especially the three reforms in the 90's gave the higher education system in Sweden a new face: They gave more weight to management structures, fixed-term contracts and focused more on an Anglo-American model of higher education than on the 'old' Humboldtian model. The reforms brought important changes for the Swedish system of higher education, but certain patterns remain untouched. One can still find the 'hidden binary system' within university colleges representing institutions to undergraduate education and universities that offer post-graduate education and research. And to a certain extent, this builds the ground for the remaining persistence of sex-specific divisions in both fields of study and different posts on the academic career ladder." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Hochschullehrerin; Hochschulwesen; Reform; Hochschulbildung; Frauenförderung; Studentin; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Austria's system of higher education
Autor/in:
Poulsen, Christian
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/06), 2001. 54 S.
Details
Inhalt: "The main purpose of the report is to give information on the higher education system in Austria with special attention to the situation of women aspiring to have or having a career in academia. This report forms part of the project Women in European Universities (WEU). The project is being undertaken in Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. The methods used in this report are statistical findings and a literature survey. The main findings are attached to the circumstances of the great many changes in the Austrian higher education system over the last decade. A new situation is arising for women and scholars in general in Austria as the system turns into a more autonomously regulated system with teaching as a central facet. The report concludes that the Austrian system is still a non-commercialised one. Furthermore it warns about a opting out of young men from the university system and it relates this to a devaluating of the university in general. Finally the report proposes some guidelines for future research in the field." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Österreich; Hochschulwesen; Hochschulbildung
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
The French higher education system
Autor/in:
McGurk, Lisa
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/04), 2001. 23 S.
Details
Schlagwörter:Hochschulbildung; Frankreich; Hochschulwesen
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women in Spanish universities
Autor/in:
Bösch, Jessica
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 00/07), 2000. 54 S.
Details
Inhalt: "The most significant changes in the Spanish 'Higher Education' (HE)-sector within the last 20 years are the granting of autonomy to the universities, the transfer from state competencies to the autonomous regions, the enormous in-takes of students and the founding of many public and private universities. The impacts these changes had and still have on women are numerous. The foundation of universities in all regions facilitated their access to HE-institutions. Nowadays more than half of the students are female. Nevertheless, their distribution according to field is still uneven, for example only a few study technical subjects. Due to the increase of the number of students, more lecturers have been required. Because of this demand many women were able to fill this need and became university teachers. Even though the current women's share of university staff is only slightly less than those of all female employees, only a minority occupy posts in the highest level of the hierarchy, that of university professors. The reasons for this underrepresentation have not been sufficiently investigated. They are certainly connected with the severe problem of endogamy in the hiring of university staff. In this respect it is remarkable that women tend to have better chances to occupy the highest position in the bigger and the newer universities. However, due to the often higher working load at the latter and their often worse reputation, we cannot assume that these institutions are automatically 'women friendlier'. A profound analysis of the reasons for the underrepresentation could serve as a basis for the introduction of equal opportunity measures. However, from my point of view the granting of university autonomy and decentralization make this unlikely. In addition, an even further decentralization is planned and also the observable shift towards the market could be disadvantageous in this respect." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Wissenschaftlerin; Bildungswesen; Spanien; Hochschulwesen; Hochschulbildung; Studentin; Verwaltung; Quantität
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Taking women seriously : lessons and legacies for educating the majority
Autor/in:
Tidball, M. Elizabeth; Smith, Daryl G.; Tidball, Charles S.; Wolf-Wendel, Lisa E.
Quelle: Phoenix: Oryx Press (American Council on Education, Oryx Press series on higher education), 1999. XXVI, 222 S.
Details
Inhalt: Over the past 25 years, research findings have continued to underscore the direct and positive impact of women's colleges--institutions where the academic aspirations of women are the focus of the entire educational community. This book identifies the distinctive characteristics that make these colleges preeminent contributors of achieving women to the wider society. The authors also explain how the lessons and legacies of these institutions have the potential to enhance the education environment at all colleges.
Schlagwörter:USA; Frauenuniversität; Hochschulbildung; Nordamerika
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Internationale bildungsstatistische Grundlagen : Vergleich der Bildungssysteme ausgewählter europäischer Länder unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der beruflichen Bildung und Hochschulbildung ; Projektbericht
Titelübersetzung:Principles of international education statistics : comparison of the education systems of selected European countries with particular regard to vocational education and university education; project report
Herausgeber/in:
Hörner, Walter; Krüger-Hemmer, Christiane; Zorn, Susanne
Quelle: Stuttgart: Metzler-Poeschel, 1997. 241 S.
Details
Inhalt: "Internationale Bildungsstatistiken beruhen im wesentlichen auf den Ergebnissen nationaler Statistiken, die an internationale Konzepte (Definitionen, Klassifikationen, Gliederungen u.ä.) angepaßt werden. Bei dieser Anpassung geht zwangsläufig ein Teil der Informationen über die Vielfalt der nationalen Bildungssysteme verloren, da für alle oder doch möglichst viele dieser Bildungssysteme ein gemeinsamer Rahmen gefunden werden muß. So sind die meisten internationalen Klassifikationen für das Bildungswesen, wie z.B. die ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education), sehr hoch aggregiert. Das erschwert es erheblich, die Bildungsdaten der internationalen Organisationen für nationale Zwecke zu nutzen. Um diese Ergebnisse dennoch im Hinblick auf nationale Fragestellungen und Anforderungen transparent zu machen oder um begründete Vorschläge zur Bildungsstatistik für internationale Gremien entwickeln zu können, müssen die internationalen bildungsstatistischen Ausarbeitungen daher zweckmäßigerweise durch vertiefte Darstellungen und Analysen der einzelnen nationalen Bildungssysteme ergänzt werden. Der vorliegende Projektbericht enthält die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zu den Bildungssystemen ausgewählter europäischer Länder unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der beruflichen Ausbildungssysteme und des Hochschulbereichs. Er gliedert sich in eine vergleichende Darstellung der Bildungssysteme dieser Länder und in eine Beschreibung und Analyse dieser Bildungssysteme im einzelnen. Die Untersuchung wurde in der Gruppe 'Bildung und Kultur, Rechtspflege' des Statistischen Bundesamtes im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) im Rahmen des Projektes 'Internationale bildungsstatistische Grundlagen' durchgeführt. Für den Vergleich wurden solche Länder ausgewählt, die einerseits selbst über (hoch)entwickelte berufliche Ausbildungs- bzw. Hochschulsysteme verfügen sowie andererseits große Ähnlichkeiten oder auch deutliche Unterschiede zur deutschen Situation aufweisen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden im einzelnen die Länder Österreich, Schweiz, Niederlande, Frankreich und Großbritannien in die Analyse einbezogen. Den Schwerpunkt des Vergleichs der beruflichen Ausbildungssysteme bildet die berufliche Erstausbildung; hier sind vor allem die verschiedenen Lernorte (Schule, Betrieb, Kombination von beidem) von Interesse. Beim Hochschulbereich ist insbesondere zwischen zwei- bzw. mehrgliedrigen Hochschulsystemen, die vorwiegend im anglophonen Bereich, aber auch in Frankreich zu finden sind, und Hochschulsystemen, die in einem Studiengang zu einem Hochschulabschluß (z.B. dem Diplom in den deutschsprachigen Ländern) führen, zu differenzieren." (Autorenreferat)
Schlagwörter:Vergleich; Schule; Hochschulbildung; Bildungsstatistik; Großbritannien; Konzeption; Frankreich; Klassifikation; Berufsbildung; Information; Bildungswesen; Organisationen; Nutzen; Betrieb; Ausbildungssystem; Schweiz; Kultur; Rechtspflege; Österreich; Niederlande; Technologie
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Changing the subject: women in higher education
Herausgeber/in:
Davies, Sue; Lubelska, Cathy; Quinn, Jocey
Quelle: London: Taylor & Francis, 1994. VI, 215 S.
Details
Schlagwörter:USA; Hochschulwesen; Geschlechterverhältnis; Nordamerika; Hochschulbildung
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Der lautlose Aufbruch : Frauen in der Wissenschaft
Titelübersetzung:The silent start : women in science
Autor/in:
Feyl, Renate
Quelle: Darmstadt: Luchterhand (Sammlung Luchterhand, 465), 1983. 187 S.
Details
Inhalt: In elf essayistischen Porträts, von der Biologin Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717) bis zu Lise Meitner (1878-1968), zeichnet die Autorin den Weg der Frauen in die Wissenschaft nach, "durch ein Dickicht von Intoleranz und Mißachtung, Beschränkung und Spott". "Für Frauen, wenn sie nicht zur Oberschicht gehören und in Nonnenklöstern erzogen werden, bleibt wissenschaftliche Bildung bis Anfang unseres Jahrhunderts eine private Daseinslust. Die wenigen weiblichen Ausnahmen, die es dennoch in den Wissenschaften zu Ruhm brachten, gelten zu ihrer Zeit nicht etwa als Vorboten eines allmählichen Erwachens der Frauen aus ihrem geistigen Dämmerzustand, sondern werden als vereinzelte Phänomene gedeutet, mystifiziert und ins Reich der Transzendenz verwiesen." (MH2)
Schlagwörter:Biographie; Hochschulbildung; Wissenschaftsgeschichte; Wissenschaftlerin
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Monographie