‘Mentoring and sponsorship in Higher Educational institutions : Men’s invisible advantage in STEM’?
Autor/in:
O’Connor, Pat; O'Hagan, Angela; Myers, Eva Sophie
Quelle: Higher Education Research and Development, 39 (2019) 4, S 1–14
Inhalt: This article is concerned with the source of men’s invisible advantage in the male dominated disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It is suggested that this advantage has been obscured by combining sponsorship and mentoring. The research asks: Are men or women most likely to be mentored? Is it possible to distinguish between mentoring and sponsorship? Is there gender variation in either or both of these depending on the source – whether from the academic supervisor, line manager or other senior academics. This qualitative study draws on interview data from 106 respondents (57 men and 48 women) at junior, middle and senior levels, in four universities: one each in Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland and Turkey. It shows that both men and women received mentoring from their PhD supervisor, albeit with slightly different reported nuances. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship in that relationship. Both men and women received sponsorship from the Head of Department, whose wider responsibilities may have reduced homophily. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship and mentoring from senior men, with most women indicating a lack of access to such senior academics. By distinguishing between mentoring and sponsorship, this article contributes to our understanding of the way male dominance in STEM is perpetuated and suggests the source of men’s invisible advantage in STEM.
Quelle: World Women in Mathematics 2018. Carolina Araujo (Hrsg.), Georgia Benkart (Hrsg.) Cheryl E. Praeger (Hrsg.), Betül Tanbay (Hrsg.), Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2019, S 111–128
Inhalt: The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM), inaugurated in 1897, is the greatest effort of the mathematical community to strengthen international communication and connections across all mathematical fields. Meetings of the ICM have historically hosted some of the most prominent mathematicians of their time. Receiving an invitation to present a talk at an ICM signals the high international reputation of the recipient, and is akin to entering a ‘hall of fame for mathematics’. Women mathematicians attended the ICMs from the start. With the invitation of Laura Pisati to present a lecture in 1908 in Rome and the plenary talk of Emmy Noether in 1932 in Zurich, they entered the grand international stage of their field. At the congress in 2014 in Seoul, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first woman to be awarded the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics. In this article, we dive into assorted data sources to follow the footprints of women among the ICM invited speakers, analyzing their demographics and topic distributions, and providing glimpses into their diverse biographies.
Multiple Masculinities and Gendered Research Personas : Between experiments, career choice and family
Autor/in:
Pettersson, Helena
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: The aim of this study is to analyze multiple masculinity identities among experimental plasma physicists. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork with long term observations in a laboratory and in-depth interviews. The point of departure is that different identities exist side by side and are co constructed among physicists in the laboratory. They are defined and challenged at the same time in everyday work, and are therefore central to those attracted to experimental physics. In this study, masculine identity work is analyzed as boundary work for both masculinity and experimental physics. Physics and identity work can be understood as a process where the performance and daily work is also a way of defining gender. I argue that perspectives from masculinity studies are crucial in order to advance an understanding of gender dynamics within physics communities and enrich the current understanding of the lack of women in physics. Both senior and junior physicists emphasized the importance of a strong scientist identity. The plasma physicists represent a type of double hegemonic masculinity front stage. The scientific ideal is in itself strongly gendered with the ideal image of the scientist.
Guest Editorial: Gender and Masculinities in Careers and Leadership in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Sagebiel, Felizitas; White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 6 S
Inhalt: This Special Issue, recognising vertical gender segregation in higher education, combines papers focusing on challenges for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in career progression and taking on leadership roles.
Schlagwörter:Führungsposition; Geschlecht; Geschlechtersegregation; Karriereentwicklung; Männlichkeit; MINT
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Change and Persistence of Gender Disparities in Academic Careers of Mathematicians and Physicists in Germany
Autor/in:
Langfeldt, Bettina; Mischau, Anina
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: This article discusses whether or not gender-related disparities exist within the academic fields of mathematics and physics regarding the application of career knowledge and the experiences of disadvantage in relation to recognition of performance, assessment of professional competencies, and integration into networks. To answer this question, primary data was collected with a structured online survey addressing graduates in both academic fields (n=5,174). The article considers a subsample of respondents working at a university or university of applied sciences (n=1,613). Apart from the gender perspective, other factors potentially influencing the academic careers of mathematicians and physicists, such as being in a certain subject, age cohort or having children, are also considered. Some of the key findings are: a) more gender differences occur in mathematics than in physics; b) the experiences of disadvantage in the workplace constitute a cross-disciplinary phenomenon caused by the gender differentiating academic culture; and c) more female than male academics in both disciplines accept constraints or abandon career goals due to child care. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
Schlagwörter:academic career; Akademische Karriere; Befragung; career knowledge; Deutschland; Diskriminierung; gender disparities; German higher education system; Geschlechterungleichheit; Hochschule; Hochschulsystem; Karriereplanung; Karriereweg; Leistungsbewertung; mathematics; Mathematik; Netzwerk; physics; Physik; wissenschaftliche Karriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gleichstellungspolitik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Emmy Noether, die Noether-Schule und die moderne Algebra : Zur Geschichte einer kulturellen Bewegung
Autor/in:
Koreuber, Mechthild
Quelle: Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum (Mathematik im Kontext), 2015.
Inhalt: Emmy Noether und die Mitglieder der Noether-Schule gestalteten wesentlich die kulturelle Bewegung der modernen Algebra, die in den 1920er Jahren die Vorstellungen über Mathematik veränderte und zu einem neuen Verständnis der Mathematik als Strukturwissenschaft führte. In interdisziplinär angelegten Studien verbindet die Autorin biografische Forschungen zu Noether und den Mitgliedern der Noether-Schule mit wissenschaftstheoretischen Untersuchungen mathematischer Texte sowie einer aus dem Konzept der dichten Beschreibung abgeleiteten Analyse wissenschaftlicher Schulenbildung: Die Entstehung mat
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Karrierewege und Lebensgestaltung promovierter Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaftlerinnen aus Osteuropa an deutschen Universitäten
Titelübersetzung:Career and life paths from Eastern European female senior researchers in SET subjects at German universities
Autor/in:
Wolffram, Andrea
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 36 (2015) H. 3, S. 100-117
Inhalt: "Die Faktoren erfolgreicher Karriereverläufe von promovierten Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaftlerinnen aus osteuropäischen Staaten an deutschen Universitäten bilden den Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags. In der Studie wurde unter anderem die Frage verfolgt, ob es Unterschiede in berufsrelevanten persönlichen Merkmalen wie Leistungen, Selbstbewertungen und Motivationen in den beruflichen Karrieren im Vergleich zu deutschen Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaftlerinnen ohne Migrationshintergrund gibt. Es wurde untersucht, welche Potenziale, aber auch welche Barrieren die Migration zur Folge gehabt haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird diskutiert, ob die Karrieren der befragten Wissenschaftlerinnen durchweg als erfolgreich gewertet werden können, welche Ressourcen sie für die Ermöglichung dieser Karrieren mitbrachten, aber auch, welche Einschränkungen sie in Kauf nehmen mussten. Eingebettet sind diese Fragestellungen zudem in die Analyse der Lebensgestaltung der Wissenschaftlerinnen osteuropäischer Herkunft mit Migrationserfahrung mit besonderer Fokussierung auf die Faktoren berufliche und familiale Vereinbarkeitsarrangements sowie deren Vergleich mit deutschen Wissenschaftlerinnen ohne Migrationshintergrund." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article focusses on factors for successful careers of female senior researchers in SET subjects from Eastern Europe at German Universities. Grown up in a social system where sciences and engineering was less gender stereotyped as - for example - in Germany, these female researchers who were interviewed in a qualitative study allow a 'view from outside' on the gendered substructure of the German scientific system. At the same time these women are a very specific, highly qualified and selective group of academics who made a scientific career from the level of PhD students up to a leading position in science or a professorship against the background of own migration experiences. In this study the question was investigated if there are differences among these women with regard to their careers and individual traits such as occupational achievements, self-assessments and motivations, in comparison to German female SET senior researchers without migration background. It was explored which potentials as well as barriers were entailed by their migration. Against that background the article discusses, if the careers of the female researchers with migration experiences can be seen consistently as successful, which resources they brought along for their careers, but also which constraints they had to accept. Moreover, these questions were embedded into the analysis of the private lives of Eastern European female scientists with migration experience with specific focus on reconciliation arrangements between family and career. These arrangements are compared with the ones of the German female scientists without migration background who were socialized into the SET profession under conditions of strong gender stereotyping." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Thema: Geschlechterverhältnisse in der Wissenschaft
Herausgeber/in:
Bayerisches Staatsinstitut für Hochschulforschung und Hochschulplanung (IHF); Rusconi, Alessandra; Kunze, Caren; Bayerisches Staatsinstitut für Hochschulforschung und Hochschulplanung (IHF)
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 3 (2015)
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Band enthält mehrere der zu Artikeln ausgearbeiteten Vorträge der Vorlesungsreihe „Hat die Wissenschaft ein Geschlecht? Analysen und Reflexionen zu Geschlechterverhältnissen in der Wissenschaft“, die im Sommersemester 2014 an der Freien Universität Berlin stattfand. Sie wurde von Prof. Dr. Heike Solga (Professur Soziologie der Freien Universität Berlin und Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung WZB) und Dr. Alessandra Rusconi (WZB) sowie Mechthild Koreuber und Caren Kunze (Freie Universität Berlin) konzipiert und vom Büro der Zentralen Frauenbeauftragten der Freien Universität Berlin organisiert. Die beiden Gastherausgeberinnen Alessandra Rusconi und Caren Kunze verfassten auch eine Einführung in das Themenheft, in der zusammenfassend ein Überblick über die quantitativen Verhältnisse und den Stand der Forschung gegeben wird. Alle Artikel durchliefen wie üblich ein anonymes Begutachtungsverfahren durch zwei unabhängige Sachverständige. Für die erfolgreiche Kooperation bei der Erarbeitung dieses Themenhefts danken die „Beiträge“ allen daran Beteiligten.
Schlagwörter:Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Geschlechterverhältnis; Karrierebedingungen; Karriereentwicklung
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis