Quelle: Journal of Further and Higher Education, (2021) , S 1–14
Inhalt: The transition of early career researchers into academic posts is understood to be a crucial career step and marks a point at which representation of women declines significantly. The research adopts a participatory qualitative research methodology through career narrative interviews and group discussions with women engineers recently appointed into academic posts. It was found that academic careers are ‘hoped for’, but not described as a straightforward option in terms of either securing tenure or future career development. The collective career paths outlined were rarely linear and featured key moments of crisis and self-doubt, culminating in ‘tentative’ career identity formation in the face of gendered career structures. There is evidence of a pre-emptive and continuing uncertainty about the feasibility of an academic career that begins years before embarking on a PhD. The distinctive contribution of the study is the consideration of gendered early processes of forming an academic identity and ongoing collective experiences of becoming an academic.
Schlagwörter:akademische Karriere; early career researchers; Gender; Ingenieurwissenschaft; soziale Konstruktion; transition; Übergangsphase; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Authorship in top-ranked mathematical and physical journals: Role of gender on self-perceptions and bibliographic evidence
Autor/in:
Mihaljević, Helena; Santamaría, Lucía
Quelle: Quantitative Science Studies, 1 (2020) 4, S 1468–1492
Inhalt: Despite increasing rates of women researching in math-intensive fields, publications by female authors remain underrepresented. By analyzing millions of records from the dedicated bibliographic databases zbMATH, arXiv, and ADS, we unveil the chronological evolution of authorships by women in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. We observe a pronounced shortage of female authors in top-ranked journals, with quasistagnant figures in various distinguished periodicals in the first two disciplines and a significantly more equitable situation in the latter. Additionally, we provide an interactive open-access web interface to further examine the data. To address whether female scholars submit fewer articles for publication to relevant journals or whether they are consciously or unconsciously disadvantaged by the peer review system, we also study authors’ perceptions of their submission practices and analyze around 10,000 responses, collected as part of a recent global survey of scientists. Our analysis indicates that men and women perceive their submission practices to be similar, with no evidence that a significantly lower number of submissions by women is responsible for their underrepresentation in top-ranked journals. According to the self-reported responses, a larger number of articles submitted to prestigious venues correlates rather with aspects associated with pronounced research activity, a well-established network, and academic seniority.
‘Mentoring and sponsorship in Higher Educational institutions : Men’s invisible advantage in STEM’?
Autor/in:
O’Connor, Pat; O'Hagan, Angela; Myers, Eva Sophie
Quelle: Higher Education Research and Development, 39 (2019) 4, S 1–14
Inhalt: This article is concerned with the source of men’s invisible advantage in the male dominated disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It is suggested that this advantage has been obscured by combining sponsorship and mentoring. The research asks: Are men or women most likely to be mentored? Is it possible to distinguish between mentoring and sponsorship? Is there gender variation in either or both of these depending on the source – whether from the academic supervisor, line manager or other senior academics. This qualitative study draws on interview data from 106 respondents (57 men and 48 women) at junior, middle and senior levels, in four universities: one each in Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland and Turkey. It shows that both men and women received mentoring from their PhD supervisor, albeit with slightly different reported nuances. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship in that relationship. Both men and women received sponsorship from the Head of Department, whose wider responsibilities may have reduced homophily. Men were more likely than women to receive sponsorship and mentoring from senior men, with most women indicating a lack of access to such senior academics. By distinguishing between mentoring and sponsorship, this article contributes to our understanding of the way male dominance in STEM is perpetuated and suggests the source of men’s invisible advantage in STEM.
Multiple Masculinities and Gendered Research Personas : Between experiments, career choice and family
Autor/in:
Pettersson, Helena
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: The aim of this study is to analyze multiple masculinity identities among experimental plasma physicists. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork with long term observations in a laboratory and in-depth interviews. The point of departure is that different identities exist side by side and are co constructed among physicists in the laboratory. They are defined and challenged at the same time in everyday work, and are therefore central to those attracted to experimental physics. In this study, masculine identity work is analyzed as boundary work for both masculinity and experimental physics. Physics and identity work can be understood as a process where the performance and daily work is also a way of defining gender. I argue that perspectives from masculinity studies are crucial in order to advance an understanding of gender dynamics within physics communities and enrich the current understanding of the lack of women in physics. Both senior and junior physicists emphasized the importance of a strong scientist identity. The plasma physicists represent a type of double hegemonic masculinity front stage. The scientific ideal is in itself strongly gendered with the ideal image of the scientist.
Guest Editorial: Gender and Masculinities in Careers and Leadership in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Sagebiel, Felizitas; White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 6 S
Inhalt: This Special Issue, recognising vertical gender segregation in higher education, combines papers focusing on challenges for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in career progression and taking on leadership roles.
Schlagwörter:Führungsposition; Geschlecht; Geschlechtersegregation; Karriereentwicklung; Männlichkeit; MINT
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Die Lebensführung - ein zentraler Faktor der Anerkennung von Leistung und Qualifikation in akademischen Berufen : dargestellt am Beispiel der Berufsfelder Chemie und Ingenieurwissenschaften
Titelübersetzung:Life style - a key factor in the recognition of achievement and qualification in academic careers : described by means of the occupational fields of chemistry and engineering sciences
Autor/in:
Könekamp, Bärbel
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Frauenforschung und Geschlechterstudien, Jg. 24 (2006) H. 4, S. 43-54
Inhalt: Am Beispiel der akademischen Berufsfelder im Bereich der Chemie und Ingenieurwissenschaften geht es in dem Beitrag um die Frage nach der Chancengleichheit von Männern und Frauen in hochqualifizierten Berufsbereichen. Ziel ist es, angesichts des Missverhältnisses zwischen dem zunehmenden Erwerb hoher Bildungstitel von Frauen und der geringen Zahl von Frauen in Spitzenpositionen stärker als bisher die Analyse von Bewertungsmaßstäben für Qualifikation und Leistung in der Arbeitswelt in den Blick zu nehmen. Aus arbeitssoziologischer Perspektive ist Qualifikation das Ergebnis sozialerAushandlungsprozesse und Konflikte und damit ein gesellschaftliches Konstrukt, das relational gesehen werden muss. Anhand von Untersuchungsergebnissen wirdgezeigt, welche Qualifikationen für Karrieren in Naturwissenschaften und Technik maßgeblich sind. Um die berufliche Situation von Männern und Frauen anhand einheitlicher Kriterien beurteilen zu können, wurde die komplexe Variable Berufserfolg gebildet, in die einzelne objektivierbare Erfolgskriterien wie Einkommen, Führungsposition, Personalverantwortung, Budgetverantwortung und Position bei Verhandlungen mit externen Partnern eingeflossen sind. Die im Rahmen der Untersuchung gestellt Frage, ob über Rollenstereotype und die Geschlechterordnung Aspekte der Lebensführung im privaten Bereich in das Urteil über die Qualität der Arbeit von Akademikerinnen und Akademikern eingehen, kann eindeutig positiv beantwortet werden. Die Befunde erklären, dass auch heute noch Karrieren von Akademikerinnen weniger erfolgreich verlaufen als die von Akademikern mit gleicher Qualifikation. In naturwissenschaftlichen und technischen Berufen hat sich durch die lange Ausgrenzung von Frauen ein Karrieremodell entwickelt, in dem die professionelle Lebensführung auch die männliche bürgerliche Lebensführung einschließt. Versteht man Qualifikation als gesellschaftliches Urteil über die Qualität der Arbeit, dann zeigt sich heute, dass eine an die bürgerliche Lebensführung erinnernde professionelle Lebensführung männliche Professionelle stärker anerkennt. Die Anerkennung einer Lebensführung im Beruf, in die nicht nur fachliche, sondern auch private Lebensverhältnisse einfließen, die ausschließlich von Männern gelebt werden, bietet subtil wirkende Geschlechtergrenzen, die von Frauen nicht ohne weiteres übertreten werden können. (ICH)
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The research lab: a chilly place for graduate women
Autor/in:
Ferreira, Maria M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 1, S. 85-98
Inhalt: "Ph.D.'s in most graduate science programs require that graduate students spend large amounts of time conducting research in science laboratories. As a result, the environment in the research lab is key to the success or failure of graduate students, particularly women. This article is a case study of two graduate women in a chemistry department at a large research university. In-depth interviews, field notes from a support group for graduate women in science, and departmental records were used to examine the relationship between key factors of their work environment and the high attrition rate of graduate women in the department. Analyses of the data indicated that the social climate in the research lab, shaped by the attitudes and behaviors of the women's male colleagues and/ or research advisors, created a 'chilly place' for the female graduate students." (author's abstract)