Lit@CEWS

Inhalt: Much attention is focused on finding ways to encourage females to study STEM in school and college but what actually happens once women complete a STEM degree? We use the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey to trace out gender differences in STEM persistence over the career. We find a continuous process whereby women are more likely to exit STEM than men. Among holders of STEM undergraduate degrees, women are more likely to obtain a non- STEM master's degree. Then, after entering the labour market, there is a gradual outflow of females during the first 15 years post-graduation so that females are about 20 percentage points less likely to work in STEM compared to their male counterparts. Conditional on leaving STEM, we find that females are more likely to enter the education and health sectors while males are more likely to enter the more lucrative business sector and that this can partly explain the gender pay gap for STEM graduates. Overall, our results suggest that policies that aim to increase the proportion of females studying STEM in school and college may have less effect than expected due to the lower attachment of females to STEM after graduation. Such policies may need to be augmented with efforts to tackle the greater propensity of females to exit STEM throughout the career.

Schlagwörter:education; female; female scientist; female underrepresentation; gender differences; gender pay gap; Geschlechterunterschied; health; labor market; STEM

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: The literature on gender and professions shows that professional careers continue to be impacted by gender – albeit with important differences among professions and countries. Much less researched is the issue of the significance of gender and age-cohort or generation to professional work. Gender, Age and Inequality in the Professions explores men’s and women’s experiences of professional work and careers through an intersectional lens by focusing on the intersection of gender and age. The chapters explore different professions – including Medicine, Nursing, Law, Academia, Information Technology and Engineering – in different Western countries, in the present and over time. Through original research, and critical re-analysis of existing research, each of the chapters explores the significance of gender and age-cohort or generation to professional work, with particular attention to professionals just entering professional careers, those building professional careers, and comparisons of men and women in professions across generational cohorts. The book contributes to literature on inequalities in the professions by demonstrating the ways in which gender and age converge to confer privilege and produce disadvantage, and the ways in which gender inequality is reproduced, and disrupted, through the activities of professionals on the job. The book constitutes a departure point for future research in terms of theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on how gendered and age-related processes are produced and reproduced in particular organisational, professional and socio-cultural contexts. To enhance generational understanding, relationships and collaboration in educational institutions, organisations and professions, the book ends with a section on policy recommendations for educators, professionals, professional organisations as well as policy- and decision-makers. This book will also appeal to students and researchers in the fields of Sociology, Gender Studies, Organisational and Management Studies, Law, Medicine, Engineering and Information Technology as well as related disciplines.

Schlagwörter:Diskriminierung; Diskriminierung am Arbeitsplatz; early career; Fachkraft; Finnland; gender and age; Gender Studies; Geschlechterungleichheit; IngenieurIn; Ingenieurwissenschaft; Intersektionalität; law; medicine; Medizinerin; Nachwuchswissenschaftlerin; organizational and management studies; Rechtswissenschaft; Schweiz; sociology; USA

CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk

Inhalt: "Societal inequalities are by and large based on economic inequalities. Economic inequalities are based on ordering people in hierarchies, where some categories of people have easier access to the world's economic and other resources, and others are restricted in this access. The gender system, including the gendered organisation of work, is one foundation for such inequalities and touches all of our lives. This study contributes to the feminist understanding of gender's operation in society by examining how gender differences are created in Finnish working life. Employment markets in Finland are persistently gendered: the public sector work of care and education is numerically over-dominated by women, and the private sector work in technology and production by men. This leads to a number of labour market inequalities, such as significant wage differences. The study examines how Finnish ICT engineers, acting in an extremely male-dominated field, and Finnish primary school teachers, acting in an extremely female-dominated field, discursively construct gender and professionalism as related to their work contexts. Twelve different interpretative repertoires are identified; each repertoire works via different rhetorical constructions and/or relationships between subject and object to give meanings to professional practices, so that some function to retain gendered practices in the professions, while others hold the potential to challenge them. The study concludes by suggesting ways in which the findings can help us understand how gendered structures are also created or challenged in other gender-biased professions in Finland. While studying gendered working life, the researcher takes advantage of different critical and feminist writing practices, and by so doing, explores her own identity as a feminist writer-researcher." (author's abstract)

Schlagwörter:Gender Mainstreaming; Geschlechterverhältnis; Finnland; Arbeitsmarkt; Ingenieur; Ingenieurin; Lehrer; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit

CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik

Verfügbarkeit:http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:ch:bel-127965

Dokumenttyp:Hochschulschrift