A Genderless Protest: Women Confronting Romanian Communism
Autor/in:
Petrescu, Cristina
Quelle: Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 16 (2014) 2, S 79-101
Inhalt: Far from accomplishing its utopian plans of transforming society, communism did not turn gender equality into a reality either. This paper moves beyond the common-place approaches that simply underline the failures of this political system and presumes that women experienced communism in very diverse and often ambiguous ways, for public and private roles conflicted more often than not. From among the few individuals who dared to articulate critical thoughts on Romanian communism prior to its collapse of 1989, the present paper recuperates the experience of three women. Members of the urban educated elite, they believed nonetheless in different values and pursued different strategies of expressing discontent with the regime. These female critics of the communist system went beyond personal or group interests, but among the issues of public concern they raised none belonged to a feminist agenda. Yet, these women acted as if gender equality was a reality in Ceauşescu’s Romania: they considered themselves the equal partners of like-minded men, while their male peers accepted them as such, for equalitarian perceptions of genders shaped the public roles assumed by non-conformist Romanian intellectuals. The example of these three women does not prove that communism succeeded in redefining the status of women, but it illustrates how the urban educated social group experienced gender relations then. No feminists in thinking, these three women were so in their behavior. Their criticism of Ceauşescu’s communism was genderless, but it nonetheless strengthened the idea that women are no less than men.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Widerstand; resistance; kulturelle Vielfalt; cultural diversity; woman; Dissident; dissident; Kommunismus; communism; sozialer Wandel; social change; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Rumänien; Romania
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
“I loved her so much, but I killed her”: Romantic love as a representational frame for intimate partner femicide in three Italian newspapers
Titelübersetzung:"Je l’aimais tellement que je l’ai tuée": L’amour romantique comme cadre de la représentation du fémicide par le parte- naire dans la presse italienne
Autor/in:
Gius, Chiara; Lalli, Pina
Quelle: ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies, 7 (2014) 2, S 53-75
Inhalt: Ce n’est que depuis une trentaine d’années que la loi italienne ne contemple
plus les « crimes d’honneur », c’est-à-dire la reconnaissance de circonstances
atténuantes pour les meurtres commis par les hommes sur leur femme adultère. Pour
comprendre si le changement de la légitimation socio-culturelle dans le sens commun
va de pair avec le changement de la loi, on a donc considéré d’intérêt analyser
dans la presse nationale les récits récents des fémicides, en se focalisant sur ceux
qui ont été commis en 2012. A partir de la littérature scientifique sur ce thème, cet
étude décrit la manière de raconter 53 cas de fémicides engageant la partenaire, dans
166 articles publiés par trois des principaux journaux italiens. En conduisant une
analyse thématique transversale des articles, on a identifié dans l’amour romantique
le cadrage principal par lequel la presse essaye de trouver des explications cernées
comme les plus compréhensibles pour ses lecteurs. Ces sont la perte de contrôle à la
suite de discussions, voire la peur de perdre l’objet d’amour par jalousie ou séparation,
qui résultent les explications les plus souvent invoquées. Ces « causes » apparaissent
contingentes et de pertinence individuelle; de plus, elles ne méritent pas -
dans les articles de presse analysés - l’évocation d’une quelque asymétrie structurelle
d’où il puisse ressortir, par exemple, la mise en question du droit de contrôle
masculin, alors qu’il est souvent montré comme stratégiquement poursuivi et tacitement
censé allant de soi. On relève donc un discours social où la contingence individuelle
d’une « perte de contrôle » descendant de l’amour romantique semble représenter
le fémicide comme un crime qu’on ne peut pas prévenir ni prévoir.
Inhalt: In Italy law has accepted “honour crimes” perpetrated by men until little more than 30 years ago. As cultural dimensions are often slower to change, it is interesting to analyze the capacity to account for femicides in the press in a period in which the topic has become more and more relevant all over Europe. Building on existing literature, this study explores how three major Italian newspapers frame crimes of intimate partner femicide. Using 166 articles published in 2012, the authors examine - by a thematic analysis conducted along different items - which aspects are conveyed by the news to account for the 53 intimate partner femicides reported in the press in this period. Findings suggest that while Italian news media heavily rely on narratives of love and passion to frame intimate partner homicide, a social discourse justifying the “loss of control” it is also used to sustain representation of femicides as crimes impossible to be prevented or predicted.
Socialization and gendered biographical agency in a multicultural migration context: the life history of a young Moroccan woman in Germany
Autor/in:
Al-Rebholz, Anil
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 79-96
Inhalt: "In light of the challenges of globalization, hybridization of cultures, and transnational migration movements worldwide, some central deficits of socialization theory have been identified. As a response to these challenges, the necessity of developing 'biographical socialization research' and a 'subject-oriented socialization theory' are underlined. In this paper, the notion of 'biographical agency', embedded in the social and temporal context of biographies, is proposed to overcome shortcomings of the theories of socialization. Drawing on the concepts of biographical knowledge, biographical work and biographical reflexivity, biographical research can show how individuals develop biographical agency and engage in meaningful social actions within their life courses under the conditions of globalization. On the basis of Samira's case, I will point out the kinds of multiple exclusion/ inclusion mechanisms that operate in multicultural societies, mechanisms produced both by majority and minority groups, and how daughters of migrants can acquire biographical resources through their socialization in multicultural contexts to struggle against hierarchical gender norms, conflicting expectations, and restrictive social sites as well as enlarge their sphere of action." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Migration; migration; internationale Wanderung; international migration; Globalisierung; globalization; Transkulturalität; cross-culturality; multikulturelle Gesellschaft; multicultural society; Sozialisation; socialization; Biographie; biography; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Identität; identity; Religiosität; religiousness; Migrant; migrant; zweite Generation; second generation; woman; Muslim; Muslim; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; parent-child relationship; Federal Republic of Germany; biographische Methode; biographical method; Forschungsansatz; research approach; Subjektivierung; subjectivation; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; gender norms; biographical resources; multiple belongings
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Soziologie von Gesamtgesellschaften, Forschungsarten der Sozialforschung
Remnant "Family": the role of women in the media discourse on families
Titelübersetzung:La famille rémanente: le rôle des femmes dans le discours des médias sur les familles
Autor/in:
Tank, Jennifer; Prinzing, Marlis
Quelle: ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies, 7 (2014) 2, S 95-117
Inhalt: How does gender affect discourse processes, particularly regarding the coverage of family issues? In order to explore this question, we focus on media representations of women in their roles as mothers on the one hand and journalists on the other and we compare the reporting of male and female journalists covering families. We refer to gender theory to examine processes of gender construction by different actors in the media and we draw on journalism theory to explain different reporting styles and strategies by male and female authors regarding discourse strategies, framing, and gender-stereotyping. Our methodological approaches include quantitative and qualitative content analyses and 14 semi-structured interviews with journalists, family researchers, and lobbyists. The sample includes coverage of families in general and that of large families in particular in German print media in the years 2011 and 2012, for a total of 1,100 texts. One of the key findings, not surprisingly, is that most of the journalists reporting on families are female. Similar to male journalists, however, they focus on the traditional family type despite the fact that various alternative forms of family life are now a social reality.
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, P 2014-007), 2014. 59 S
Inhalt: Begünstigt freiwilliges Engagement die Integration von Wiedereinsteigerinnen in das Erwerbsleben? In Wissenschaft und Politik wird vermehrt diskutiert, wie Frauen, besonders nach familienbedingten Erwerbsunterbrechungen, schneller in den Arbeitsmarkt integriert werden können. Aus politischer Sicht wird das freiwillige Engagement als ein Instrument betrachtet, das Frauen beim Wiedereinstieg in das Erwerbsleben helfen kann. Doch welche Potentiale bietet freiwilliges Engagement für den Wiedereinstieg nicht erwerbstätiger Frauen in den Arbeitsmarkt tatsächlich? Ist es berechtigt den Wiedereinsteigerinnen Hoffnung zu machen und das auf altruistischen Gedanken beruhende und am Gemeinwohl orientierte freiwillige Engagement für den Arbeitsmarkt zu instrumentalisieren? Der vorliegende Text geht im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Familien, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend geförderten Projektes "Berufsrückkehrerinnen: Die Potentiale nicht erwerbstätiger Frauen für den Arbeitsmarkt" dieser Frage nach und bewertet systematisch die schlechte Datenlage zum Thema. (Autorenreferat)
Schlagwörter:bürgerschaftliches Engagement; citizens' involvement; Freiwilligkeit; voluntariness; Federal Republic of Germany; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; woman; Berufstätigkeit; gainful occupation
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Experiences of migration as a space for reflection: renegotiating gender roles in family relationships
Autor/in:
Dudt, Muriel; Kempf, Andreas Oskar; Satola, Agnieszka
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 97-113
Inhalt: "Based on biographical narrative interviews with three migrant women, the article discusses how migration experiences can lead to a reflection of gender roles. In the three cases, there are various motivations for migration, different family arrangements and work experiences throughout the migration process, and also a change of roles of the women within their families. For the interview partners, the access to material resources achieved partly under great sacrifice and the possibility to compare different life contexts and gender regimes triggered an ambivalent process of reflection on gender relations. Their reorganization of gender relations can be rather incomplete or require strong legitimization upon return; it can also be transmitted as a project for the next generation to complete." (author's abstract)
Three women in a city: crossing borders and negotiating national belonging
Autor/in:
Pape, Elise; Takeda, Ayumi; Guhlich, Anna
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 39-56
Inhalt: "The major theoretical literature has considered the concept of nation primarily from a macro level. This article explores the question of national belonging departing from an individual's point of view, more precisely from the life story of three migrant women. Migration and transnational practices have challenged the perception of the homogeneity of nations, questioning the idea of fixed boundaries, and showing how different national and social forms of belonging may develop simultaneously through migration experience. Drawing on biographical interviews conducted with three migrant women, Amina El Asri, Gule Yildiz and Zuzana Svitá, the present analysis focusses on the construction of national belonging of the women in an intersectional perspective. Mrs. El Asri, Mrs. Yildiz and Mrs. Svitá originate from different countries (respectively Morocco, Turkey and Czechia). They have different social origins and ages, but share the same sex, their residence in the same city in West Germany and the fact that they all have children. The analysis reveals the profound impact of the socio-historical contexts the women come from on their construction of national belonging, but also of age and of transmission processes to their children. It is mainly through passing on their mother tongue and reshaping their conception of national belonging over time that the women manage to establish strong ties to their children, and contribute, by articulating different lines of belonging, to the redefinition of (trans)nation building processes." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Migration; migration; Migrant; migrant; woman; Nation; nation; nationale Identität; national identity; Identitätsbildung; identity formation; Gruppenzugehörigkeit; group membership; gender-specific factors; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; Familie; family; Generation; generation; soziale Herkunft; social background; Bindung; commitment; Federal Republic of Germany; Biographie; biography; biographische Methode; biographical method
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Migration
Affection and conflict in Intergenerational relationships of women in sixteen areas in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America
Titelübersetzung:Zuneigung und Konflikt in intergenerationalen Verhältnissen von Frauen in 16 Jahren in Asien, Afrika, Europa und Ame
Autor/in:
Nauck, Bernhard
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 39 (2014) 4, S 647-678
Inhalt: "Studies of intergenerational solidarity in affluent societies suggest that relationships between generations consist simultaneously of both emotional closeness and conflicts. This analysis extends the standard model of intergenerational relationships, which until now has been applied only to countries with bilineal kinship systems, to culturally and economically diverse areas with varying kinship systems. Latent class analysis was applied to measure affection and conflict in the ongoing relationships of young and middle-aged women with their mothers (7,522 relationship pairs) and fathers (5,338 relationship pairs). The empirical analysis was based on standardised oral interviews with mothers from areas in China, Indonesia, North and South India, South Africa, Palestine, Israel, Turkey, Russia, Estonia, Poland, East and West Germany, France, Jamaica, and the United States (n=8,756). The best fitting model of relationship differences consisted of four latent classes: 'amicable' (45 percent), 'detached' (28 percent), 'ambivalent' (22 percent), and 'disharmonious' (5 percent). Based on a cross-culturally largely invariant measurement model, results revealed significantly different distributions for fathers and mothers and across areas. Multinomial three-level regression analysis was used to analyse the complex cross-level interdependence of area effects, individual characteristics, and the respective relationship on class membership. In patrilineal societies, relationships of women with their biological parents are more likely to be ambivalent, less likely to be detached, and very likely to become disharmonious in case of spatial proximity. In affluent societies, the relationships are less likely to be disharmonious and most likely to be harmonious. Whereas the frequency of contact decreases the likelihood of detached or disharmonious relationships in affluent societies, functional exchange with the parents increases the likelihood of disharmonious relationships." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:affectivity; Europe; Intergenerational relations; Asia; North America; Konflikt; Affektivität; conflict; Africa; woman; Europa; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; Nordamerika; Asien; parent-child relationship; Generationenverhältnis; Afrika
