Wandel der Arbeit durch Digitalisierung = Wandel der Geschlechterverhältnisse? Dokumentation der Tagung am 17. Mai 2019 im Erich-Brost-Haus, Dortmund
Herausgeber/in:
Kutzner, Edelgard; Roski, Melanie; Hilf, Ellen; Freye, Saskia; Technische Universität Dortmund, ZWE Sozialforschungsstelle; Forschungsinstitut für gesellschaftliche Weiterentwicklung e.V. (FGW)
Quelle: Technische Universität Dortmund, ZWE Sozialforschungsstelle; Forschungsinstitut für gesellschaftliche Weiterentwicklung e.V. (FGW); Dortmund, 2019. 46 S
Inhalt: Nach Einschätzung von Expert*innen wird sich die Arbeitswelt infolge der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung in den kommenden ein bis zwei Jahrzehnten fundamental verändern. Einige Beobachter*innen prognostizieren, dass sich dieser Wandel auch auf die Geschlechterverhältnisse in Betrieb und Verwaltung auswirken wird. Die Tagung hat einen Beitrag dazu geleistet, den Blick auf diese zukünftigen Entwicklungen zu schärfen. Anhand empirischer Erkenntnisse aus der Arbeitsmarkt- sowie der Arbeits- und Geschlechterforschung wurde die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für die Arbeit vorgestellt. Diskutiert wurde außerdem, wie der digitale Wandel das Geschlechterverhältnis berührt und verändern kann. Ein besonderes Augenmerk lag auf der Frage, wie Erkenntnisse der Geschlechterforschung in die Unternehmen, in die Arbeits- und Technikgestaltung sowie in die Informatik einfließen können. Ein weiteres Thema war die Frage, welche Bedeutung Informatiker*innen als gestaltenden Akteur*innen der Digitalisierung zukommt, ob und wie Technologien selbst vergeschlechtlicht sind. Aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln (Wissenschaft, Politik, Unternehmen und Gewerkschaften) wurde diskutiert wie Arbeit 4.0 geschlechtergerecht gestaltet werden kann: Welche Erfahrungen haben die unterschiedlichen Akteur*innen? Welche Optionen erkennen sie im Prozess der Digitalisierung von Arbeit? Welche Rahmenbedingungen müssen betrieblich geschaffen werden für eine gute und geschlechtergerechte Arbeit? Gibt es verallgemeinerbare Ziele oder verhindert dies die Heterogenität des Feldes? Welche Einflussmöglichkeiten existieren zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt? Das Ziel der Tagung war die gemeinsame Suche nach Antworten auf die Frage, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen durch die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt neue Chancen für Frauen und Männer sowie für mehr Geschlechtergerechtigkeit entstehen.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitswelt; world of work; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; organisatorischer Wandel; organizational change; technischer Wandel; technological change; Digitalisierung; digitalization; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Arbeitsgestaltung; job design; Arbeitsorganisation; work organization; neue Technologie; new technology; Technikfolgen; effects of technology; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Federal Republic of Germany; Arbeit 4.0
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Do hiring practices penalize women and benefit men for having children? Experimental evidence from Germany
Autor/in:
Hipp, Lena
Quelle: European Sociological Review, (2019) , S 1-28
Inhalt: Although observational studies from many countries have consistently shown that motherhood negatively affects women’s wages, experimental findings on its effect on the likelihood of being hired are less conclusive. Motherhood penalties in hiring have been reported in the US, the prototypical liberal market economy, but not in Sweden, the prototypical social-democratic welfare state. Based on a field experiment in Germany, this study examines the effects of parenthood on hiring processes in the prototypical conservative welfare state. My findings indicate that job recruitment processes indeed penalize women but not men for having children. In addition to providing theoretical explanations for why motherhood penalties in hiring are particularly likely to occur in the German context, this study also highlights several methodological and practical issues that should be considered when conducting correspondence studies to examine labor market discrimination.
Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Familienpolitik; family policy; Elternschaft; parenthood; Mutterschaft; motherhood; Vaterschaft; fatherhood; gender-specific factors; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Berufsaussicht; career prospect; Stellenbesetzung; staffing; field experiment
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Partnered women's contribution to household labor income: Persistent inequalities among couples and their determinants
Autor/in:
Dieckhoff, Martina; Gash, Vanessa; Mertens, Antje; Romeu Gordo, Laura
Quelle: Social Science Research, (2019) 85
Inhalt: This paper explores earnings inequalities within dual-earner couples in East and West Germany drawing on household-level panel data from 1992 to 2016. It has three aims: (1) to analyze how the partner pay gap (the pay gap between partners within one household) has developed over time, given institutional change, and whether the extent of inequality and temporal development vary between East and West Germany; (2) to explore variation in the partner pay gap by male partners' absolute earnings; and (3) to investigate the micro-level determinants of earnings inequalities within couples and determine whether their relevance varies between East and West Germany as well as by male partners’ absolute earnings. We find women earn substantially less than their partners, and our regression results find no indication of a declining partner pay gap. Besides substantial variation between East and West Germany, our results also reveal important group-specific variation in the extent of the partner pay gap as well as in its determinants.
Schlagwörter:Dual Career Couple; alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; old federal states; Haushaltseinkommen; Einkommensunterschied; partnership; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; woman; difference in income; neue Bundesländer; Partnerschaft; labor force participation; gender-specific factors; New Federal States; dual career couple; Ungleichheit; inequality; gender inequality; institutional change; partner pay gap; time trends; German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) (1992-2016)
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Against the Grain? Assessing Graduate Labour Market Trends in Germany Through a Task-Based Indicator of Graduate Jobs
Autor/in:
Henseke, Golo
Quelle: Social Indicators Research, 141 (2019) 2, S 809-840
Inhalt: Applying work by Green and Henseke (in IZA J Labor Policy 5(1):14, 2016a), this study examines changes in the German graduate labour market in the twenty-first century. To do so, it deploys a new statistically derived indicator of graduate jobs, based on job skill requirements obtained from worker-reported task data in the German Employment Surveys 2006 and 2012. As in previous work, the resulting classifier explains differences in graduate labour market outcomes better than existing methods and can be applied in a range of contexts where intelligence on graduate destinations is desired. It is supplied in the appendix of this study. Despite the expansion of higher educational attainment between 1999 and 2012, my analysis indicates a rising excess demand for graduate labour. Following key findings emerge: Graduate skills are required beyond the narrow range of professions. Work tasks associated with cognitive skills use are key determinants of higher education requirements on the job. The proportion of graduates in the age bracket 25-34 has risen among men from 14.7 to 18.9% and from 13.3 to 22.5% among women between 1999 and 2012. Young women have become the group with greatest level of higher education in the labour market. The growing supply of graduate labour in the age bracket 25-34 was surpassed by the expansion of employment in graduate jobs. The employment share of graduate jobs shifted by 17 percentage points to almost 30% among young women and by 11 percentage points to 28% among young men. Among young female graduates, the incidence of underemployment fell to 22% between 1999 and 2012; roughly comparable to the level among males at the same ages. Prime aged female graduates, however, experience above average rates of underemployment. A sharp rise of the pay premium associated with higher education among men contrasts with stagnating wage differentials among women. The pay penalty associated with underemployment has not changed statistically significantly.
Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Akademikerberuf; academic career; Qualifikationsanforderungen; qualification requirements; Indikator; indicator; Arbeitskräftenachfrage; labor demand; Absolvent; graduate; university; gender-specific factors; Unterbeschäftigung; underemployment; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; graduate jobs; wage dispersion; BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey (1998/1999, 2005/2006 and 2011/2012); National Educational Panel Study (NEPS); German sample of the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1999-2013
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich
Patterns of Overeducation in Europe: The Role of Field of Study
Autor/in:
Rossen, Anja; Boll, Christina; Wolf, André
Quelle: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 9 (2019) 1, S 1-48
Inhalt: This study investigates the incidence of overeducation among graduate workers in 21 European Union countries and its underlying factors based on the European Labor Force Survey 2016. Although controlling for a wide range of covariates, the particular interest lies in the role of fields of study for vertical educational mismatch. The study reveals country differences in the impact of these factors. Compared to Social sciences, male graduates from, for example, Education, Health and welfare, Engineering, and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) are less and those from Services and Natural sciences are more at risk in a clear majority of countries. These findings are robust against changes of the standard education. Moreover, some fields show gender-specific risks. We suggest that occupational closure, productivity signals and gender stereotypes answer for these cross-field and cross-country differentials. Moreover, country fixed effects point to relevant structural differences between national labor markets and between educational systems.
Schlagwörter:Qualifikation; qualification; hoch Qualifizierter; highly qualified worker; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Qualifikationsanforderungen; qualification requirements; Beruf; occupation; Studienfach; subject of study; gender-specific factors; EU; EU; college major; country-specific effects; field of study; gender; labor force survey; overeducation; realized matches; vertical mismatch; European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS)