Differences in men and women scientists' perceptions of workplace climate
Autor/in:
Gunter, Ramona; Stambach, Amy
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 1, S. 97-116
Inhalt: "The climate of science is often described as 'chilly' toward women and is blamed for women's underrepresentation and slow advancement within science fields. However, evidence of a chilly climate is often indirect. In this study of male and female science faculty members at a major research university, the authors found direct evidence for a chilly climate: A smaller percentage of women than men described their workplace environments in positive terms, and a larger percentage of women than men described uncomfortable, tense, or hostile interactions. Some men and many women said that gender bias might explain women's negative experiences; at the same time, these men and women stated that they could not say for certain that gender bias existed in their departments. Reasons for interviewees' difficulties in identifying and labeling gender bias are discussed." (author's abstract)
Building careers, transforming institutions : underrepresented women and minorities, leadership opportunities, and interinstitutional networking
Autor/in:
Niemeier, D.A.; Smith, Vicki
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 2, S. 181-196
Inhalt: "Transforming universities does not occur exclusively as a result of the actions of current university leaders but additionally requires the collective efforts of women who are interested in mobility and opportunity for women across the board, and who are committed to changing the broad work environment for women in the academy. In engineering, the representation of women in mid-career and senior-level faculty positions remains very low, with even fewer women assuming leadership positions such as department chair or research center director. In this article, we examine outcomes of the National Science Foundation sponsored 1st Women in Engineering Leadership Conference in the fall of 2000. The conference was designed to enable women engineers to develop the types of network that can facilitate transition to leadership positions. With an analysis of data gathered from surveys at three points in time, we track the issues that were salient to women who were considering leadership roles (both obstacles to and aspirations for); identify the benefits accrued from participation in the conference and from subsequent networking activities; and propose future interventions that may enhance and promote interinstitutional networking." (author's abstract)
Autor/in:
Larsen, Elizabeth A.; Stubbs, Margaret L.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 2, S. 139-170
Inhalt: "Lack of diversity within the computer science field has, thus far, been examined most fully through the lens of gender. This article is based on a follow-on to Margolis and Fisher's (2002) study and includes interviews with 33 Carnegie Mellon University students from the undergraduate senior class of 2002 in the School of Computer Science. We found evidence of similarities among the perceptions of these women and men on definitions of computer science, explanations for the notoriously low proportion of women in the field, characterizations of a typical computer science student, impressions of recent curricular changes, a sense of the atmosphere/ culture in the program, views of the Women@SCS campus organization, and suggestions for attracting and retaining well-rounded students in computer science. We conclude that efforts to increase diversity in the computer science field will benefit from a more broad-based approach that considers, but is not limited to, notions of gender difference." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Informatik; Managing Diversity
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender writ small : gender enactments and gendered narratives about lab organization and knowledge transmission
in a biomedical engineering research setting
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 1, S. 61-82
Inhalt: "This article presents qualitative data and offers some innovative theoretical approaches
to frame the analysis of gender in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) settings. It begins with a theoretical discussion of a discursive approach
to gender that captures how gender is lived 'on the ground.' The authors argue for
a less individualistic approach to gender. Data for this research project was gathered
from intensive interviews with lab members and ethnographic observations in a biomedical
engineering lab. Data analysis relied on a mixed methodology involving qualitative
approaches and dialogues with findings from other research traditions. Three themes
are highlighted: lab dynamics in relation to issues of critical mass, the division
of labor, and knowledge transmission. The data illustrate how gender is created in
interactions and is inflected through forms of social organization." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 2, S. 99-129
Inhalt: "This research used a comparative approach and an elite framework to look at attitudes toward gender, work, and family among male and female scientists. The data came from the 1994 International Social Survey Program module measuring family and changing gender roles in (the former) East Germany, West Germany, and the United States. Research questions focused on the variation between the three samples in male scientists' attitudes regarding gender, work, and family; women's representation in science occupations; and the relation between the two. Another major concern was the extent to which female scientists express attitudes regarding gender, work, and family that resemble those of male scientists and the implications of these processes for increasing women's access to science. As predicted, male scientists in East Germany tended to have the most progressive attitudes (especially those regarding gender and work), East German women had the greatest access to science occupations, and there were virtually no sex differences in attitudes of East German scientists. West German male scientists were the most traditional on attitudes regarding gender and work, and U. S. male scientists tended to be the most traditional on attitudes regarding family. The attitudes of female scientists in West Germany and the United States reflected this larger trend, but there were sex differences within countries, with female scientists being more progressive than male scientists. Thus, the findings suggest that women s representation in science is related to the attitudes of male scientists regarding gender, work, and family. And although female scientists often hold quite similar attitudes as male scientists, there is considerable cross-country variation in how progressive the attitudes are and how similar men's and women's attitudes are. Implications for women's access to elite science occupations are discussed." (author's abstract)
Closing the gender gap in technical disciplines : an investigative study
Autor/in:
Gokhale, Anu A.; Stier, Ken
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 2, S. 30-39
Inhalt: "The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of curriculum and instructional techniques in a technical core course to create a more conducive learning environment for women. The technical core course introduced technology majors to mechanical systems, electronics, and fluid power principles through lectures and laboratory work. Female students already enrolled in the department and female alumnae of the program were surveyed. The students' responses to the survey showed that although the female participants in the study were pleased with the instructors, the curriculum, and the instruction they received, they had recommendations for modifying the instruction." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Who gets promoted? : gender differences in science and engineering academia
Autor/in:
Olson, Kristen
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 347-362
Inhalt: "Using a nationally representative sample of doctoral academic scientists and engineers, this study examines gender differences in the likelihood of having tenure and senior faculty ranks after controlling for academic age, field, doctoral origins, employing educational institution, productivity, postdoctoral positions, work activities, and family characteristics. Logistic regressions show that many of these controls are significant; that biology and employment at comprehensive universities have a gender-specific advantage for women; and that postdoctoral positions, teaching instead of doing administrative work, and having children have a gender-specific disadvantage. Although the statistical methods employed here do not reveal the exact nature of how gender inequities in science and engineering careers arise, the author suggests that they exist." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender attributions of science and academic attributes : an examination of undergraduate science, mathematics and technology majors
Autor/in:
Hughes, W. Jay
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 1, S. 53-65
Inhalt: "Questionnaire data (n=297) examined the relationship between gender attributions of science and academic attributes for undergraduate science, mathematics, and technology majors from the perspective of gender schema theory. Female and male respondents perceived that (a) the role of scientist was sex typed as masculine, (b) their majors were more valuable for members of their gender than for those of the opposite gender, (c) their majors were more valuable for themselves than for members of their gender in general. Androgynous attributions of scientists and the value of one's major for women predicted value for oneself, major confidence, and career confidence, and masculine attributions of scientists predicted class participation for female respondents. Feminine attributions of scientists predicted graduate school intent; value for women predicted major confidence and subjective achievement, and value for men predicted value for oneself, course confidence, and career confidence for male respondents." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The research lab: a chilly place for graduate women
Autor/in:
Ferreira, Maria M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 1, S. 85-98
Inhalt: "Ph.D.'s in most graduate science programs require that graduate students spend large amounts of time conducting research in science laboratories. As a result, the environment in the research lab is key to the success or failure of graduate students, particularly women. This article is a case study of two graduate women in a chemistry department at a large research university. In-depth interviews, field notes from a support group for graduate women in science, and departmental records were used to examine the relationship between key factors of their work environment and the high attrition rate of graduate women in the department. Analyses of the data indicated that the social climate in the research lab, shaped by the attitudes and behaviors of the women's male colleagues and/ or research advisors, created a 'chilly place' for the female graduate students." (author's abstract)