International Mobility and Social Capital in the Academic Field
Autor/in:
Bauder, Harald
Quelle: Minerva, 58 (2020) 3, S 367–387
Inhalt: The relationship between the international mobility of academic researchers and social capital is complex. On the one hand, the literature suggests that social capital facilitates the international mobility of academics which, in turn, promotes the accumulation of international social capital, enhances research productivity, and advances careers. On the other hand, international mobility can isolate researchers from the national social capital in their origin countries. In this paper, I present the results of 42 interviews in Canada and Germany to examine how academics in both countries have experienced the connection between international mobility and social capital. In addition to revealing the complexity of this connection, the results show that social capital facilitates international mobility and that mobility sometimes creates social capital. However, mobility can also lead to the loss of national social capital that negatively affects early-career researchers in particular.
Schlagwörter:academic career; Canada; Deutschland; early career researcher; Feldtheorie; international academic mobility; Interview; Kanada; Mobilität; scientific career; social capital; soziales Kapital; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2020) 1, S 11–26
Inhalt: Drawing on data collected in a cross-disciplinary survey of early-career academics (ECAs) in New Zealand, this article explores the factors influencing ECA conference attendance. Our conceptual framework uses conference attendance as the dependent variable and measures gender, ethnicity, family responsibilities and workload. Three key features affect conference attendance: "demographic characteristics" (background features and prior experiences that affect an academic's willingness and ability to attend), "accessibility" (constraints to attending, such as financing, family responsibilities, institutional support or teaching commitments) and "purpose" (the value placed on attending conferences by the individual, the institution, or the discipline). In particular, we identify differences for women, Indigenous people, and those born overseas with respect to their ability to navigate and their inclination to attend national and international conferences.
Schlagwörter:conference culture; early career researcher; ethnic minority; gender inequality; Konferenz; Neuseeland; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Men, Masculinities and the Modern Career: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives
Herausgeber/in:
Aavik, Kadri; Bland, Clarice; Hoegaerts, Josephine; Salminen, Janne
Quelle: Berlin, 2020. 279 S
Inhalt: This book focuses on the multiple and diverse masculinities 'at work'. Spanning both historical approaches to the rise of 'profession' as a marker of masculinity, and critical approaches to the current structures of management, employment and workplace hierarchy, the book questions what role masculinity plays in cultural understandings, affective experiences and mediatised representations of a professional 'career'.
Quelle: Maastricht Economic and social Research institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU‐MERIT); Maastricht: National Bureau of Economic Research (Working Paper Series, 39), 2020.
Inhalt: In this study, we investigate what are the factors of the promotion of female and male scientists at the French Institute of Physics (INP) at CNRS, one of the largest European public research organizations. We construct a long panel of INP physicists combining various data sources on their research activities and career. Using event history analysis, we find that female and male physicists have the same rate of promotion from junior to senior positions when controlling for research productivity and a variety of other promotion factors. Our results also suggest that promotion factors such as family characteristics, mentoring, professional network, research responsibilities have different impacts on female and male researchers.
Inhalt: This book comprehensively covers diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) in the context of daily surgical practice. Through real-life illustrative case scenarios and experiences, this book explores DEI and its impact on academic surgery, career development, and clinical practice. Each chapter highlights a commonly encountered scenario and features extensive guidance on how to address each challenge secondary to both implicit explicit biases as well as detailing how to implement best practices.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion provides a detailed guide to the best practices and challenges associated with implementing DEI in day to day surgical practice and is a valuable resource for all surgical practitioners looking for a guide on how to successfully implement DEI strategies into daily clinical practice.
Schlagwörter:bias; career development; Diversity; equity; inclusion; Leadership; medicine; Mentor; surgery
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
(In)citing Action to Realize an Equitable Future
Autor/in:
Dworkin, Jordan D.; Zurn, Perry; Bassett, Danielle S.
Quelle: Neuron, 106 (2020) 6, S 890–894
Inhalt: Reference lists of neuroscience articles show marked gender imbalances. To mitigate this disparity, we discuss relevant ethical considerations and offer practical recommendations to scientists of all ages. We envision an equitable future by all scientists for all scientists.
Schlagwörter:citation; citation gap; gender bias; publication pattern; science career
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaftspolitik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Cameroon professional women in sciences : A trans-disciplinary review, series 1
Herausgeber/in:
Fogwe Chibaka, Evelyn; Atanga, Lilian Lem; Samba, Elmelda Ngufor; Leke, Rose Gana Fomban; Chumbow, Beban Sammy
Quelle: Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag (Topics in interdisciplinary African studies, 53), 2020. 326 S
Inhalt: In order to avoid continuous seasoned scientist/professional female gender polarization and marginalization in our society, Cameroon Professional Research Oriented Women Network (CaPROWN) took up the initiative – under the sponsorship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH) – to propagate a trans-disciplinary research review approach to seek collaboration outside the bounds of female scientific professional experiences to make new discoveries, explore different perspectives, express and exchange ideas, and gain new insights into gender through peer-reviewed volumes like this. Thus, this book is not solely about gender-related research topics, but rather on works of mostly female researchers that have gone through reviewed lenses of experts of different science disciplines.
Inhalt: Women's underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) impedes progress in solving Africa's complex development problems. As in other regions, women's participation in STEM drops progressively moving up the education and career ladder, with women currently constituting 30% of Africa's STEM researchers. This study elucidates gender-based differences in PhD performance using new survey data from 227 alumni of STEM PhD programs in 17 African countries. We find that, compared to their male counterparts, sampled women had about one less paper accepted for publication during their doctoral studies and took about half a year longer to finish their PhD training. Negative binomial regression models provide insights on the observed differences in women's and men's PhD performance. Results indicate that the correlates of publication productivity and time to PhD completion are very similar for women and men, but some gender-based differences are observed. For publication output, we find that good supervision had a stronger impact for men than women; and getting married during the PhD reduced women's publication productivity but increased that of men. Becoming a parent during the PhD training was a key reason that women took longer to complete the PhD, according to our results. Findings suggest that having a female supervisor, attending an institution with gender policies in place, and pursuing the PhD in a department where sexual harassment by faculty was perceived as uncommon were enabling factors for women's timely completion of their doctoral studies. Two priority interventions emerge from this study: (1) family-friendly policies and facilities that are supportive of women's roles as wives and mothers and (2) fostering broader linkages and networks for women in STEM, including ensuring mentoring and supervisory support that is tailored to their specific needs and circumstances.
The Covid-19 crisis as a career shock: Implications for careers and vocational behavior
Autor/in:
Akkermans, Jos; Richardson, Julia; Kraimer, Maria L.
Quelle: Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119 (2020) , 103434 S
Inhalt: The covid-19 pandemic is a career shock for many people across the globe. In this article, we reflect on how insights from the literature on career shocks can help us understand the career consequences of the pandemic and offer suggestions for future research in this area. In particular, we offer three "key lessons". The first lesson is that the implications of Covid-19 reflect the dynamic interplay between individual and contextual factors. Here, we argue that although the pandemic was difficult to predict and control, research shows that certain psychological resources - such as career competencies and resilience - could make this career shock more manageable. The second lesson is that the pandemic may have differential implications over time, as suggested by research that has shown the consequences of career shocks to differ between short-term vs. long-term time horizons, and across life- and career stages. The third lesson is that, even though the pandemic is clearly a negatively valenced shock for most people, further into the future it may allow for more positive outcomes. This lesson builds on research showing how negative career shocks have long-term positive consequences for some people. We hope that these insights will inspire both scholars and practitioners to study and understand the work and career implications of Covid-19 as a career shock, as well as to support people in dealing with its consequences.
Quelle: Universities as political institutions. Higher education institutions in the middle of academic, economic and social pressures. Leasa Weimer (Hrsg.), Terhi Nokkala (Hrsg.), Leiden; Boston: Brill Sense. 2020, S 262–286
Inhalt: The probability of reaching a permanent academic position is strongly gendered in most if not all higher education systems. Though a widely studied phenomenon, few studies problematise the way national contexts – both academic and non-academic – that shape employment structures and national gender regimes are interpreted by individual academics, and frame their career strategies and the ways of subjectively coping with the norms of academic careers. Aiming to fill this research gap, this chapter compares the subjective representations of early career academics in terms of career expectation and articulation between professional and private sphere in two contrasted national contexts; Finland and Switzerland. Focusing especially on international mobility, the paper aims to reveal how national polities matter to understand young academics’ strategies and how these strategies are shaped – or not – by gender relationships in the era of the so called ‘internationalisation’ of academic labour markets and the norm of the academic staff mobility.
Schlagwörter:Finnland; Gender; Geschlechterungleichheit; international academic mobility; Mobilität; Schweiz; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs; young academics
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis