CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Aufstiegsförderung weiblicher Führungs(nachwuchs)kräfte in den USA und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Möglichkeiten der Einflußnahme und praktische Auswirkungen
Titelübersetzung:Promotion of female (trainee) managers in the U.S.A. and the Federal Republic of Germany : ways to influence this and practical impacts
Autor/in:
Köhler-Braun, Katharina
Quelle: Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang (Forum Personalmanagement : Human Resource Management, Bd. 2), 2000. XXII, 344 S.
Inhalt: "Frauen sehen sich nach wie vor mit Barrieren im Berufsleben konfrontiert. Nach einer Darstellung der kulturellen, gesellschaftlichen und rechtlichen Situation der Frauen in der BRD und in den USA werden zwei Varianten der Frauenförderung erläutert, die sich aufgrund der empirischen Untersuchung als vielversprechend herauskristallisiert haben und die beide lange Traditionen in den USA vorweisen können: die Kopplung der Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge an Frauenfördermaßnahmen sowie ein Diversity-Management. Mit der Arbeit geht ausdrücklich die Forderung nach Lebensnähe und Praxisbezug einher. Die Abhandlung ist zwar theoretisch fundiert, doch versteht sie sich auch als Arbeitsbuch für interessierte Organisationen, Politiker und Unternehmen, die die Handlungsempfehlungen umsetzen möchten. Insgesamt bietet das Buch eine runde Darstellung verschiedener Perspektiven." (Autorenreferat)
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Fördermaßnahmen, Europa und Internationales
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women and scientific employment
Titelübersetzung:Frauen im Wissenschaftsbetrieb
Autor/in:
Glover, Judith
Quelle: Houndsmill: Macmillan, 2000. XI, 190 S.
Inhalt: "Women and Scientific Employment combines rich empirical data and theoretical discussion on the 'problem' of women's representation in scientific education and employment. Making a plea forthe different scientific disciplines to be examined separately, it contributes to public policy debates on the sciences and to sociological knowledge on women's professional employment. A major conclusion is that a science can contain either a few or many women but they are equally likely to be concentrated in low level positions. There is little evidence from Britain, USA or France - the three countries focused on - that high levels of 'getting in' (quantitative feminization) lead to correspondingly high levels of 'getting on' (vertical feminization). Clear general implications for research, policy and data-gathering on women's employment follow from this conclusion: there needs to be a renewed emphasis on the examination of vertical segregation within particular occupations. Encouraging women to enter the sciences has only a weak connection with their retention and advancement." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Durch die Glasdecke : so schaffen Frauen den Aufstieg
Titelübersetzung:Through the glass ceiling : how women manage to gain promotion
Autor/in:
White, Jane
Quelle: Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verl., 1994. 223 S.
Inhalt: In elf Berichten wird in dem Band gezeigt, wie es Frauen geschafft haben, die sogenannte "Glasdecke" zu durchbrechen, die Frauen innerhalb einer Unternehmenshierarchie nahezu undurchdringbar den Weg nach oben versperrt, so daß es für Frauen fast unmöglich ist, ins Top-Management zu gelangen. In einem einleitenden Abschnitt wird zunächst gezeigt, daß sich Unternehmen, die auf dem heutigen komplexen und globalen Markt bestehen wollen, die Diskriminierung der Hälfte ihrer Mitarbeiter nicht mehr leisten können. Es folgen dann die Berichte der elf Frauen, die an der Spitze von Unternehmen stehen. In einem abschließenden dritten Teil wird diskutiert, wann es sich für Frauen zu kämpfen lohnt und wann nicht. Dabei wird als ein zentrales Problem das der sexuellen Diskriminierung angesprochen. Die Analyse schließt mit konkreten Tips für Frauen, die sich auf den "Weg nach oben" in Führungspositionen hineinarbeiten wollen. (ICA)
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
The career psychology of women
Autor/in:
Betz, Nancy E.; Fitzgerald, Louise F.
Quelle: Orlando: Academic Press, 1987. XIII, 305 S.
Inhalt: Summarizing literature from the twenty-year-old field of women's career development, this book brings scholars and professionals up-to-date in their understanding of the factors influencing women's career choices and career adjustment across the life span. It serves as a vital base for theoretical and empirical work in the study of women's career development.
Schlagwörter:Karriere; Erfolg; Dual Career Couple; USA; Nordamerika
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Berufsbiographie und Karriere