Kinder, Karriere und Beruf : zum Wandel des Verhältnisses von familiärer und öffentlicher Betreuung
Titelübersetzung:Children, career and occupation : the change in the relationship between family and public care
Autor/in:
Bertram, Hans
Quelle: Gewerkschaftliche Monatshefte, Jg. 55 (2004) H. 7/8, S. 434-444
Inhalt: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Anreizen für Eltern und potenzielle Eltern, die mit eigenen Lebensplanungen und Wünschen übereinstimmen und die geeignet sind, die eigenen Zukunftsperspektiven für die Kinder im Sinne einer weiteren Entwicklung des Humankapitals zu strukturieren. Dabei wird geprüft, ob und inwieweit solche Zukunftsperspektiven erkennbar und auch Teil der politischen Debatte sind. Der Autor sieht die Zukunft von Familien und Kindern nicht nur als ökonomisches Problem, bei dem es um die Verteilung ökonomischer Lasten und Leistungen geht. Sein Anliegen ist nicht nur die in der aktuellen öffentlichen Debatte thematisierte Sicherheit der Renten, sondern die zukünftige Entwicklung des Humankapitals durch die jüngere Generation. Es geht insbesondere um das Verhältnis von Bildung und Beruf und Familie, z.B. um das Problem, dass sowohl das deutsche Bildungssystem mit seinem Schwerpunkt auf der Erstausbildung als auch die deutsche Dienstleistungsgesellschaft kaum mehr eine echte Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zulassen. Bei veränderten Zeitmustern, Lebensverläufen, dem Zerbrechen der Alltagszeit, kurz mit veränderter "Work-Life-Balance" können neue Modelle allerdings nicht nur vom Staat und den Eltern geschaffen werden, vielmehr müssen Industrie und Unternehmen mit in die Verantwortung genommen werden. Beispiele aus den USA und europäischen Staaten wie Schweden und Frankreich verdeutlichen, dass ein Bildungssystem mit gestuften Systemen und Abschlüssen, die zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten im Lebensverlauf erworben werden können, eine Variante der akademischen Ausbildung darstellt, bei der sich Familienorientierung und Karrieremöglichkeiten nicht prinzipiell entgegenstehen, und dass der Staat Betreuungsangebote bieten kann, die Männern und Frauen gleichermaßen ermöglichen, unterschiedliche Lebensbereiche zu vereinbaren. (ICH)
CEWS Kategorie:Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Berufsbiographie und Karriere
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Widening paths to success, improving the environment, and moving toward lessons learned from the experiences of Powre and CBL awardees
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; Daniels, Jane Z.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 2, S. 131-148
Inhalt: "To better understand the barriers and discouragements encountered by female faculty members in science and engineering, this article compares the experience of National Science Foundation-funded Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education (POWRE) awardees and Clare Boothe Luce (CBL) Professorship recipients. Because most POWRE awardees work at research institutions, and many CBL professors teach at small liberal arts colleges, this study helps in understanding the experiences of female faculty members across a broad spectrum of academic settings. Their experiences suggest positive changes in institutional policies or practices to increase the satisfaction, retention, and success of female faculty members infields in which they are the least well represented. The retention of female faculty members becomes critical for attracting undergraduate students as they consider the wisdom of choosing careers in academia." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 297-316
Inhalt: "This article presents quantitative results of a study of 139 academic women in the chemical sciences who participated in a professional development program sponsored by the Committee on the Advancement of Women Chemists. The study investigated variables frequently examined in the vocational psychology of women: approaches to achievement, coping strategies, career advancement, the home-work interface, workplace climate, and mentoring. The article presents and discusses results in the context of unique issues faced by women in scientific careers." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Women in science and engineering: choices for success
Herausgeber/in:
Selby, Cecily Cannan
Quelle: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 869 (1999) , XIX, 263 S.
Inhalt: "Participants and presenters from industry, universities, and government, corporate
and academic institutions report on the 'best practices' that foster women's science
careers. The papers assess whether, where, and how progress has taken place in the
25 years since the Academy held a conference entitled 'Women in Science: Determinants
of Success' that recommended ways of accelerating it, as well as goals for this century.
The shared perspective of the conference was that diversity must be abetted by substantive
changes in the attitudes, policies, and practices that inform how we educate the workforce
and how the science workplace is managed." (author's abstract)|