Institutioneller Wettbewerb und Karrierechancen von Nachwuchswissenschaftlern in der Chemie
Titelübersetzung:Institutional competition and career opportunities of junior scientists in chemistry
Autor/in:
Baier, Christian; Münch, Richard
Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 65 (2013) H. 1, S. 129-155
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag untersucht das Zusammenspiel von zunehmendem Wettbewerb zwischen wissenschaftlichen Institutionen und den Karrierechancen von Nachwuchswissenschaftlern am Beispiel von Chemie-Fachbereichen an deutschen Universitäten und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen. In Anlehnung an Bourdieu wird ein Feld konstruiert und analysiert, in dem sich dieser institutionelle Wettbewerb abspielt. Die Machtverhältnisse im Feld richten sich nach der relativen Verfügbarkeit von rein wissenschaftlichem und/oder institutionellem Kapital. Eine Analyse von Erstberufungen zeigt, dass die Feldstruktur die Karrierechancen der Nachwuchswissenschaftler kaum beeinflusst. Im Gegensatz zu den USA, wo mit intensivem institutionellem Wettbewerb ein hohes Ausmaß sozialer Schließung in akademischen Karrieren einhergeht, sind Wissenschaftlerkarrieren in Deutschland trotz zunehmenden Wettbewerbs (noch) relativ offen. Diese Offenheit geht auf besondere institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen des deutschen akademischen Feldes zurück, die ihm eine relativ hohe Autonomie gesichert haben. Sofern aktuelle wissenschaftspolitische Reformen diese Rahmenbedingungen verändern, gefährden sie auch diese Autonomie." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper examines the interplay between intensifying competition among scientific institutions, on the one hand, and career opportunities of young scientist, on the other hand, using chemistry-departments in German universities and non-academic research institutes as an example. Drawing on Bourdieu, the authors construct and analyze the filed in which institutional competition takes place. The power relations in the field are structured by the relative amount of 'pure scientific capital' and/or 'institutional capital' available. In an analysis of professorial appointments they show that the field's structure has little impact on junior scientsits' career opportunities. In contrast to the US, where pervasive institutional competition goes hand in hand with a high degree of social closure in academic careers, the authors find that career opportunities are (still) relatively open in the German case, in spite of growing competition. This openness is due to the special institutional framework that provides the German academic field with a relatively high degree of autonomy. As recent changes in science policy aim to alter the institutional framework, they also jeopardize the autonomy of the academic field." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Bielefeld: Kleine (Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Bd. 159), 2006. 152 S.
Inhalt: "Frauen auf Professuren in der Mathematik sind an bundesdeutschen Universitäten noch immer eine Ausnahme: Mehr als 95 Prozent der entsprechenden Stellen werden von Männern besetzt. In der vorliegenden Studie geht es um die Erfahrungen von Frauen, die sich in der Mathematik als einer stark männerdominierten universitären Wissenschaftsdisziplin erfolgreich behauptet haben. In ausführlichen biografisch orientierten Interviews wurden 87 Prozent derjenigen Mathematikerinnen befragt, die eine Professur oder dauerhafte Stelle als Dozentin an einer bundesdeutschen Universität innehaben. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse der Studie werden Perspektiven entwickelt für eine Realisierung geschlechtergerechterer Strukturen in der universitären Wissenschaftsdisziplin Mathematik, die auch übertragbar sind auf andere stark männerdominierte Fachgebiete." (Autorenreferat)
Schlagwörter:Mathematik; Hochschullehrerin; Karriere; Beruf; Biographie; Akademikerin; Erfolg
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Widening paths to success, improving the environment, and moving toward lessons learned from the experiences of Powre and CBL awardees
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; Daniels, Jane Z.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 2, S. 131-148
Inhalt: "To better understand the barriers and discouragements encountered by female faculty members in science and engineering, this article compares the experience of National Science Foundation-funded Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education (POWRE) awardees and Clare Boothe Luce (CBL) Professorship recipients. Because most POWRE awardees work at research institutions, and many CBL professors teach at small liberal arts colleges, this study helps in understanding the experiences of female faculty members across a broad spectrum of academic settings. Their experiences suggest positive changes in institutional policies or practices to increase the satisfaction, retention, and success of female faculty members infields in which they are the least well represented. The retention of female faculty members becomes critical for attracting undergraduate students as they consider the wisdom of choosing careers in academia." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 10 (2004) No. 4, S. 297-316
Inhalt: "This article presents quantitative results of a study of 139 academic women in the chemical sciences who participated in a professional development program sponsored by the Committee on the Advancement of Women Chemists. The study investigated variables frequently examined in the vocational psychology of women: approaches to achievement, coping strategies, career advancement, the home-work interface, workplace climate, and mentoring. The article presents and discusses results in the context of unique issues faced by women in scientific careers." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Who gets promoted? : gender differences in science and engineering academia
Autor/in:
Olson, Kristen
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 347-362
Inhalt: "Using a nationally representative sample of doctoral academic scientists and engineers, this study examines gender differences in the likelihood of having tenure and senior faculty ranks after controlling for academic age, field, doctoral origins, employing educational institution, productivity, postdoctoral positions, work activities, and family characteristics. Logistic regressions show that many of these controls are significant; that biology and employment at comprehensive universities have a gender-specific advantage for women; and that postdoctoral positions, teaching instead of doing administrative work, and having children have a gender-specific disadvantage. Although the statistical methods employed here do not reveal the exact nature of how gender inequities in science and engineering careers arise, the author suggests that they exist." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|