Politics, violence, and victimization in Margaret Atwood's Selected Novels
Autor/in:
Mirenayat, Sayyed Ali; Soofastaei, Elaheh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 50, S 86-90
Details
Inhalt: Canadian novels have witnessed a movement from description to more different analytical and interpretative directions. Margaret Atwood's oeuvres are belonged to the postmodern literary field of feminist writing. Her fictions show a severe alertness of the relationship between chains and slavery, i.e. between women's requirement for relationships with others and her requirements for freedom and autonomy. In this paper, The Handmaid's Tale, Bodily Harm, Surfacing, and The Edible Woman will be surveyed in a direct relationship between politics, violence and victimization of female protagonists. An examination on Margaret Atwood's novels demonstrates that she is pioneer in the dimension of time by being a revolter against the patriarchal society.
Schlagwörter:Literatur; literature; Roman; novel; Kanada; Canada; woman; Gewalt; violence; Viktimisierung; victimization; Politik; politics; Unterdrückung; oppression; Überlebensstrategie; survival strategy; Atwood, M.
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, soziale Probleme
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Exploring the relationship between learners gender differences and communication apprehension considering the class participation in Iranian EFL context
Autor/in:
Simin, Shahla; Faridizad, Ali
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 48, S 91-99
Details
Inhalt: The ability to communicate effectively is the optimum goal of learning English. Class participation plays a pivotal role in improving oral communication. Some obstacles prevent students from reaching class participation which may halt student' potent communication. Oral communication apprehension has been found to be the most important factor affecting the class participation. With all the differences separating males and females, it is no surprise that communication apprehension would be affected by gender differences. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between learners' gender differences and oral communication apprehension with respect to class participation. To achieve this goal, 140 undergraduate students including 70 males and 70 females majoring in English literature, translation and teaching from Sheik-Bahai University were selected. This sample was chosen by means of simple random sampling procedure. A questionnaire was utilized as the instrument to examine the relationships between learners' gender differences and oral communication apprehension. The data accumulated by means of the questionnaire were analyzed to ascertain the answers to the research question. In general, the findings showed that female students tend to be more apprehensive than men regarding the class participation.
Schlagwörter:englische Sprache; English language; Lernen; learning; Kommunikation; communication; gender; Vergleich; comparison; Schulklasse; school class; Beteiligung; participation; Unterricht; teaching
SSOAR Kategorie:interpersonelle Kommunikation, Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Erziehungswissenschaft, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A study of Carter's Wolf-Alice based on showalter's gynocriticism
Autor/in:
Nouri, Azadeh; Aziz Mohammadi, Fatemeh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 48, S 1-8
Details
Inhalt: One of the most radical and stylish fiction authors of the 20th century, Angela Carter, expresses her views of feminism through her various novels and fairy tales. Carter began experimenting with writing fairy tales in 1970, which coincided with the period of second wave feminism in the Unites States. The majority of Angela Carter's work revolve around a specific type of feminism, radical libertarian feminism and her critique of the patriarchal role that have been placed on women. In this article, the main concentrate is on heroine’s internalized consciousness which echoes in their behavior. All of the female protagonists in carter's short stories; such as The Company of Wolves, and Werewolf and mainly in Wolf-Alice have similar characteristics with different conditions, in which they are represented in a very negative light with less than ideal roles. In these stories, the protagonist is a young girl who has many conflicts with love and desire. Carter attempts to encourage women to do something about this degrading representation.
Schlagwörter:Literatur; literature; Erzählung; narrative; Feminismus; feminism; Emanzipation; emancipation; Patriarchat; patriarchy; Liebe; love; Pornographie; pornography; Carter, A.
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Evaluation of the relationship between philosophical mindset and doing managerial tasks
Autor/in:
Niazazari, Kioumars; Khosroabadi, Soheila
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 46, S 70-76
Details
Inhalt: Evaluation of the relationship between the philosophical mindset of managers and their managerial components in secondary schools of the BOJNURD city in year 2012-2013, was the main aim of this paper. This study given to the nature of relevant subject and purposes of this study is descriptive - correlation. Statistical Population is all managers of secondary schools of the BOJNURD city, all Statistical Population were used in collecting information (n = 70). Data collection tool was two questionnaires included a questionnaire with 60 questions about the philosophical mindset which has examined comprehensiveness, depth and flexibility and other questionnaire was SOCIOMETRIC questionnaire which Managers tasks in five categories of planning, organizing, coordinating, evaluating and staff morale was measured, this questionnaire was developed as a teacher questionnaire. Questionnaire based on CRONBACH'S alpha was approved. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the philosophical mind Directors of managers with their performance in return for their management tasks. Also, between gender of managers and their education was not observed a significant difference.
Schlagwörter:Bewertung; evaluation; Philosophie; philosophy; Denken; thinking; Führung; leadership; Qualität; quality; Manager; manager; Wahrnehmung; perception; Leistungsfähigkeit; performance
SSOAR Kategorie:Management, Philosophie, Theologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Feminism and the hard-boiled genre: breakdown in Sara Paretsky's breakdown
Autor/in:
Jabbari, Mohsen; Beyad, Maryam Soltan
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 45, S 24-34
Details
Inhalt: As feminist re-writings of the genre of crime fiction (mostly the hard-boiled) from the 1980s onward, Sara Paretsky's Warshawski novels provide a fertile field for critical and cultural studies. The aims of this paper are twofold: first, it traces the generic influences on her latest novel Breakdown (2012) beyond the obvious male precursors of the hard-boiled (Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler) of the interwar period to the Gothic vogue in the early 19th century; and second, drawing on Roland Barthes's notion of readerly/writerly texts, Pierre Macherey’s critique of ideology in realist fiction, and Fredric Jameson's dialectical view of genre, it teases out the symptomatic fissures and contradictions in Paretsky's novel which betray the text’s inability to ultimately resist the ideology it intends to subvert.
Schlagwörter:Literatur; literature; Kriminalroman; detective novel; Realismus; realism; Fiktion; fiction (imagination); Feminismus; feminism; Ideologie; ideology; Genre; genre
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Willingness to communicate and its relationship with emotional intelligence and gender differences
Autor/in:
Gholami, Leila
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 52, S 87-94
Details
Inhalt: As a matter of fact, contemporary universal education gives prominence on authentic communication as an ultimate goal of language learning. Language teaching and learning processes are among the most important and complex human endeavors which is the result of the complicated nature of human beings. Therefore, a successful language learner is the one who is capable of dealing with complexities of teaching-learning processes. Various recent learner-fronted teaching methodologies have underscored the notion of learner-initiated communication which is known as willingness to communicate (WTC). To date, various variables have been discovered by scholars to be influential in the satisfactory flow of communication among students in the language classrooms. Another variable analyzed in the present study is the potential relationship between learners' gender and WTC as well as their emotional intelligence (EQ-i). Therefore, the present study tries to investigate the possible go-togetherness between learners' willingness to communicate and their emotional intelligence. Two questionnaires of Bar-On's (1997) emotional quotient inventory and McCrosky's (1992) willingness to communicate scale were administered to a total of 100 academic EFL learners. After obtaining the raw data, the SPSS software (version17) was used to change the data into numerical interpretable forms. Correlation analysis revealed that there is positive correlation between learner’s willingness to communicate and their emotional intelligence level. Furthermore, the findings characterized females as the outperforming group both in terms of emotional intelligence and willingness to communicate.
Schlagwörter:Kommunikation; communication; Bereitschaft; disposition; Emotionalität; emotionality; Intelligenz; intelligence; Lernen; learning; Lernprozess; learning process; Sprachunterricht; language instruction; Lehrmethode; teaching method; Unterricht; teaching; woman; Geschlechterforschung; gender studies
SSOAR Kategorie:interpersonelle Kommunikation, Unterricht, Didaktik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Masculine crisis in Ian McEwan's Enduring Love
Autor/in:
Ramin, Zohreh; Jahanroshan, Shafagh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 51, S 158-167
Details
Inhalt: Masculine crisis has always been with men and presented in masculine studies, but it becomes popular in the post modern era after crucial events such as feminism, the world wars, economical problems, etc. The issue of masculinity and masculine crisis exists in works of Ian McEwan and this study applies masculine crisis on his Enduring Love (1994). Most of McEwan’s characters are men who seek to find their places in post modern era. Thus this paper focuses on masculine crisis which emerges in Joe Rose, the male protagonist of this novel, when the shattering moments in the beginning of the novel threaten his power and authority which is very important in masculinity of men. There is another factor (homophobia) in the novel that leads him toward masculine crisis as well. All through the novel the male character tries to regain his lost authority and power. At the end of the novel, he somehow overcomes masculine crisis. This paper uses Butler's theory of gender and other critics of masculine studies.
Schlagwörter:Literatur; literature; Roman; novel; gender; Mann; man; Männlichkeit; masculinity; Krise; crisis; Macht; power; Autorität; authority; Homophobie; McEwan, E.
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The frequency of expressions and proverbs in different Iranian generations' speech styles
Autor/in:
Khaghaninejad, Mohammad Saber; Hadigheh, Saharsaadat
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 50, S 13-19
Details
Inhalt: Change is one of the fundamentals of every language. Every community consists of different generations with various perspectives toward life. The difference among different generations' vernaculars are so drastic that it would not be an exaggeration to claim that every generation of a society or a speech community has its own language or vernacular which distinguishes it from other generations or age-groups of the society in lexico-grammatical terms. This study put the frequency of expressions and proverbs in different generations' speech styles under investigation. Hence, inspired by stratified randomization technique, the researcher randomly selected a group of 24 middle-aged and similarly a group of 24 teenager participants of the two genders. Each of the age-groups consisted of 12 male and 12 female subjects in order to provide the possibility to determine the role of gender on expression or proverb usage. All the subjects were individually interviewed for elicitation of the needed data then their sentences were recorded and accurately transcribed for further investigation. By counting the expressions or proverbs in sentences of male/female teenagers' and middle-aged subjects of the research, their expression and proverb usage frequencies were illuminated. The study's results suggested that middle-aged speakers of Iranian community employed expressions and proverbs more than teenagers. This implies that the older would have a stronger relationship with the literature and are more satisfied with their culture and identity. Middle-aged subjects used those expressions which were deeply rooted in the literature and culture while teenagers were highly in use of those expressions and proverbs which were suddenly entered into the lexicon of the society by the advent of new television series or expanded advertisements of mass media, for example. Furthermore, it was found that males generally were more interested in using expression and proverb in their daily conversations than females.
Schlagwörter:Sprache; language; Gemeinschaft; community; Generation; generation; Sprachgebrauch; language usage; Lexikologie; lexicology; Kultur; culture; Literatur; literature; Identität; identity; Iran; Iran
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A gynocritical study of The Company of Wolves by Angela Carter
Autor/in:
Nouri, Azadeh; Aziz Mohammadi, Fatemeh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 48, S 100-106
Details
Inhalt: In 1979, Carter published one of her mast renowned collections of short fiction, The Bloody Chamber. The majority of Angela Carter's work revolve around a specific type of feminism, radical libertarian feminism and her critique of the patriarchal role that have been placed on women. which she promotes feminist due to her style, referred to as "Galm-Rock" feminism In this article, the main concentrate is on heroine's internalized consciousness which echoes in their behavior. All of the female protagonists in carter's short stories; such as The Werewolf, The Wolf-Alice, and mainly in The Company of Wolves have similar characteristics with different conditions, in which they are represented in a very negative light with less than ideal roles. In these stories, the protagonist is a young girl who has many conflicts with love and desire. Carter attempts to encourage women to do something about this degrading representation.
Schlagwörter:Literatur; literature; Erzählung; narrative; Feminismus; feminism; Emanzipation; emancipation; Patriarchat; patriarchy; Liebe; love; Pornographie; pornography; Carter, A.
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender-based study of interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers in conclusion sections of english master theses
Autor/in:
Baharlooei, Roya; Simin, Shahla; Zadeh, Zahra Rezaei
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 47, S 195-208
Details
Inhalt: The aim of this study is to seek two types of interpersonal model of Hyland (2005) used in conclusion sections of 30 Master Theses of English Teaching, English Literature, and English Translation written by male and female graduate students. These conclusion sections were categorized into two groups of male and female writers: 15 conclusion sections belonged to male writers and other 15 conclusion sections belonged to female writers. The interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers were counted and analyzed to find if male or female writers utilize these metadiscourse markers differently or similarly in conclusion sections of English disciplines (Translation, Teaching, and Literature). These metadiscourse markers were analyzed descriptively and referentially. The descriptive analysis show that both male and female writers in Translation, Teaching and Literature applied more interactional markers than interactive ones. In Translation and Teaching, female writers used more interactional resources comparing to male writers. But, in Literature, male writers employed more interactional markers than female writers. The referential statistics indicate that in English Translation and English Literature, there are significant differences between male and female writers concerning use of Interactive and Interactional metadiscourse Markers, while in English Teaching, there are not any significant differences between male and female writers regarding use of these metadiscourse Markers.
Schlagwörter:Übersetzung; translation; Lehre; apprenticeship; Literatur; literature; englische Sprache; English language; Unterricht; teaching; Metatheorie; metatheory; Diskurs; discourse; Interaktion; interaction; gender; Vergleich; comparison; Master; master (academic degree); Metadiskurse-Marker
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Unterricht, Didaktik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz