Women in the construction industry in the U.K. : a cultural discord?
Autor/in:
Bagilhole, Barbara M.; Dainty, Andrew R.J.; Neale, Richard
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 1, S. 73-86
Details
Inhalt: "The construction industry is the most male dominated of all industrial sectors in
the United Kingdom. This article reports on a study that explored women's and men's
experiences of working in the industry, focusing on how the cultural aspects of the
workplace environment impinged upon women's career development. We interviewed more
than 80 male and female construction professionals from large construction organizations,
and compared their career accounts in order to establish the aspects of the workplace
culture that had a gender-differentiated impact on progression. We found that construction
organizations formed competitive "power" cultures where women's contributions were
marginalized and their careers impeded through a combination of inflexible work practices
and discriminatory behavior. These barriers to women's careers were maintained in
small project teams by autonomous male operational managers. Their locus of control
embraced recruitment, promotion, and staff development, which allowed them to sustain
a workplace culture intolerant of nontraditional entrants. We conclude that this cultural
environment is likely to remain problematic for women unless it can be changed in
a way that values their contribution. This requires a radical shift in middle management
attitudes, a departure from current organizational human resource management systems,
and a wider acceptance of the need for cultural change within the industry." (author's
abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Großbritannien; Chancengleichheit; Diskriminierung; Beruf
CEWS Kategorie:Industrielle Forschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Electronic communities : a forum for supporting women professionals and students in technical and scientific
fields
Autor/in:
Boyle Single, Peg; Muller, Carol B.; Cunningham, Christine M.; Single, Richard M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 2, S. 115-129
Details
Inhalt: "In this article, we report on electronic discussion lists (e-lists) sponsored by
MentorNet, the National Electronic Industrial Mentoring Network for Women in Engineering
and Science. Using the Internet, the MentorNet program connects students in engineering
and science with mentors working in industry. These e-lists are a feature of MentorNet's
larger electronic mentoring program and were sponsored to foster the establishment
of community among women engineering and science students and men and women professionals
in those fields. This research supports the hypothesis that electronic communications
can be used to develop community among engineering and science students and professionals
and identifies factors influencing the emergence of electronic communities (e-communities).
The e-lists that emerged into self-sustaining e-communities were focused on topic-based
themes, such as balancing personal and work life, issues pertaining to women in engineering
and science, and job searching. These e-communities were perceived to be safe places,
embraced a diversity of opinions and experiences, and sanctioned personal and meaningful
postings on the part of the participants. The e-communities maintained three to four
simultaneous threaded discussions and were sustained by professionals who served as
facilitators by seeding the e-lists with discussion topics. The e-lists were sponsored
to provide women students participating in MentorNet with access to groups of technical
and scientific professionals. In addition to providing benefits to the students, the
e-lists also provided the professionals with opportunities to engage in peer mentoring
with other, mostly female, technical and scientific professionals. We discuss the
implications of our findings for developing e-communities and for serving the needs
of women in technical and scientific fields." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsmarkt; Mentoring; Nachwuchsförderung
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Laboratory talk and women's retention rates in science
Autor/in:
Conefrey, Theresa
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 3, S. 251-264
Details
Inhalt: "Despite initiatives designed to increase women's participation in science, their
attrition rates remain high. To improve women's retention rates, this article proposes
a closer examination of the culture of science to discover what it is about it that
women might find uncomfortable, that could create a 'chilly climate' for them. A 2-year
ethnographic study of a university research laboratory group was conducted that identified
the group's communication style as problematic for some female members. A weekly meeting
was selected that exemplifies several of the dynamics of the communication style that
women at this laboratory had found problematic. An analysis of this meeting identified
specific features of the talk and examined research findings from the fields of language
and gender research and laboratory studies to explain why women might find these features
problematic." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Naturwissenschaft; Diskriminierung; Beruf; Quantität; USA; empirische Forschung; Nordamerika
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A successful program for women faculty and graduate students in natural sciences,
mathematics and engineering at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Autor/in:
Rees, Margaret N.; Amy, Penny; Jacobson, Ellen; Weistrop, Donna E.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 4, S. 313-330
Details
Inhalt: "In 1991, a 6-year program was initiated at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, to
stimulate the retention and promotion of women scientists, mathematicians, and engineers
and to support women graduate students in the same fields. The program included modest
financial support, mentoring, and networking opportunities for faculty and graduate
students. The results of the program suggest that such initiatives can increase the
number of women in science, mathematics, and engineering. Furthermore, with increasing
numbers, women faculty feel more comfortable in an institution. The presence of more
female mentors seems to have contributed to attracting and graduating more female
graduate students." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:USA; Naturwissenschaft; Mathematik; Nordamerika; Nachwuchsförderung
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Career issues and laboratory climates : different challenges and opportunities for women engineers and scientists
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; Zieseniss, Mireille
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 2, S. 1-20
Details
Inhalt: "A survey of fiscal year 1997 POWRE (Professional Opportunities for Women in Research
and Education) awardees from the National Science Foundation revealed that women engineers
and scientists face similar issues, challenges, and opportunities and think that the
laboratory climate has similar impacts on their careers. Separating responses of women
scientists from those of women engineers revealed that 70% of both groups listed balancing
work with family responsibilities as the most difficult issue. Discrepancies in percentages
of women, coupled with differences among disciplinary and subdisciplinary cultures
within science, engineering, mathematics, and technology fields, complicate work climates
and their impact on women's careers. More frequently than women scientists, women
engineers listed issues such as (a) low numbers of women leading to isolation, (b)
lack of camaraderie and mentoring, (c) gaining credibility/respect from peers and
administrators, (d) time management, (e) prioritizing responsibilities due to disproportionate
demands, and (f) learning the rules of the game to survive in a male-dominated environment.
Women engineers also listed two positive issues more frequently than women scientists:
active recruitment/more opportunities for women and impact of successful women in
the profession. The small number of women engineers may explain these results and
suggests that it may be inappropriate to group them with other women scientists for
analysis, programs, and policies." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Karriere; Familie-Beruf; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Ingenieurin; Wissenschaftlerin
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender, families, and science : influences on early science training and career choices
Autor/in:
Hanson, Sandra L.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 2, S. 169-187
Details
Inhalt: "This research examines the effects of gender and a number of family experiences on young people's chances of going into postsecondary science training and science occupations in the years immediately following high school. Data came from the nationally representative, longitudinal High School and Beyond survey. Results show that gender plays a significant role in choices involving early science training and occupations-especially training. Amongst young men and women with comparable resources and qualifications, young women are less likely to make the science choice. The family experiences and expectations examined here are not a major factor in understanding gender differences in access to science training and occupations. Although much of the literature describes the domains of science and of family as being at odds, results from this research suggest that family experiences play a rather minimal role in predicting who will enter science training or occupations in the early post-high school years. When family variables do have an effect, they are not always negative and the nature of the effect varies by the time in the life cycle that the family variable is measured, by type of family experience (orientation vs. procreation), by outcome (science major vs. science occupation), and by gender." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Sozialisation; Planung; Karriere; Nachwuchsförderung; Quantität; Karriereplanung
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Fördermaßnahmen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Living in a large family does something for you : influence of family on the achievement of African and Carribean women in science
Autor/in:
Beoku-Betts, Josephine A.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 3
Details
Inhalt: "This article examines the influence of the family on women's achievement in scientific
careers in the sub-Saharan African and Caribbean regions. It is based on semistructured
interviews with 20 doctoral-level African and Caribbean women scientists working in
research and academic institutions in these societies. Given the diversity of structural
conditions, and economic, geopolitical, and sociocultural experiences, it is argued
that the road to success in the pursuance of a scientific career are not the same,
although there are areas of common ground. The study shows that when compared with
their North American and European counterparts, there are significant differences
in the family experiences of African and Caribbean women scientists that must be made
visible and pursued more rigorously in further studies." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Familie-Beruf; Wissenschaftler; Akademikerin; Karriere; Kinderpflege; Kind; Betreuung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz