Stand der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland
Autor/in:
Hobler, Dietmar; Lott, Yvonne; Pfahl, Svenja; Schulze Buschoff, Karin
Quelle: (WSI Report, 56), 2020. 50 S
Inhalt: Wie ist der Stand der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland? Zwar liegen mittlerweile eine nennenswerte Zahl von Studien vor, die ver-schiedene Aspekte der geschlechtlichen Ungleich-heit aus verschiedenen Perspektiven differenziert beschreiben (z. B. Kümmerling 2018, Klenner u. a. 2010, Achatz u. a. 2010, Hausmann/Kleinert 2014, Busch 2013, Holst/Wrohlich 2019, Kohaut/Möller 2017, Frodermann u. a. 2018, Busch/Holst 2013). Eine knappe und zusammenfassende Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Geschlechtergleich-stellung in Deutschland mit Fokus auf den Arbeits-markt fehlt jedoch bisher. Der Report ermöglicht anhand zentraler Indikatoren eine Gesamtschau über den Stand der Geschlechtergleichstellung auf Basis des WSI GenderDatenPortals (www.wsi.de/genderdatenportal).
Quelle: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135 (2020) 1, S 269–327
Inhalt: We study the role of gender in the evaluation of economic research using submissions to four leading journals. We find that referee gender has no effect on the relative assessment of female- versus male-authored papers, suggesting that any differential biases of male referees are negligible. To determine whether referees as a whole impose different standards for female authors, we compare citations for female- and male-authored papers, holding constant referee evaluations and other characteristics. We find that female-authored papers receive about 25% more citations than observably similar male-authored papers. Editors largely follow the referees, resulting in a 1.7 percentage point lower probability of a revise and resubmit verdict for papers with female authors relative to a citation-maximizing benchmark. In their desk rejection decisions, editors treat female authors more favorably, though they still impose a higher bar than would be implied by citation maximization. We find no differences in the informativeness of female versus male referees or in the weight that editors place on the recommendations of female versus male referees. We also find no differences in editorial delays for female- versus male-authored papers.
What professors do in peer review : Interrogating assessment practices in the recruitment of professors in Sweden
Autor/in:
Mählck, Paula; Kusterer, Hanna Li; Montgomery, Henry
Quelle: Gender Work Organ (Gender, Work & Organization), 54 (2020) 2, 9 S
Inhalt: Sweden is known for its political will to gender equality. Sweden is also a country with a strong tradition of transparency in university recruitments. In this article, the assessment practices in the appointment of full professors in one Swedish university are investigated from an intersectional and postcolonial perspective on gender and place/space. Using a multimethod approach to investigate written evaluations of applicants, recruitment group meeting minutes and interviews with reviewers, the results show that there is great variation in how evaluation criteria are applied and filled with meaning. Moreover, in more than half of the appointment decisions the reviewers disagreed. The interview results show a structural bias operating towards researchers applying from non‐Western university contexts. At an aggregated level, national applicants have 3.88 times greater chance to be proposed for a position and national women applicants are the most likely to be proposed for the position.
Schlagwörter:Berufungsverfahren; Gender; intersectionality; intersektionale Perspektive; Intersektionalität; Peer-Review; Schweden; Sweden
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis, Hochschulen, Berufungsverfahren
Research performance and age explain less than half of the gender pay gap in New Zealand universities
Autor/in:
Brower, Ann; James, Alex
Quelle: PLoS ONE, 15 (2020) 1
Inhalt: We use a globally unique dataset that scores every individual academic's holistic research performance in New Zealand to test several common explanations for the gender pay gap in universities. We find a man's odds of being ranked professor or associate professor are more than double a woman's with similar recent research score, age, field, and university. We observe a lifetime gender pay gap of ~NZ$400,000, of which research score and age explain less than half. Our ability to examine the full spectrum of research performance allows us to reject the 'male variability hypothesis' theory that the preponderance of men amongst the 'superstars' explains the lifetime performance pay gap observed. Indeed women whose research career trajectories resemble men's still get paid less than men. From 2003-12, women at many ranks improved their research scores by more than men, but moved up the academic ranks more slowly. We offer some possible explanations for our findings, and show that the gender gap in universities will never disappear in most academic fields if current hiring practices persist.
A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing and Natural Sciences : How to Measure it, How to Reduce it? - Gender Gap in Science project: Final report
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
"Die Benachteiligungsmaschinerie läuft immer noch wie geschmiert"
Autor/in:
Schmidt, Andrea; Wiarda, Jan-Martin
Quelle: Blog Jan-Martin Wiarda, (2020) 14.1.2020
Inhalt: Frauen müssen sich besser gegenseitig unterstützen in der Wissenschaft, um Karriere zu machen, findet Andrea Schmidt – und hat mit Mitstreiterinnen das Netzwerk Professorinnen2 gegründet. Ein Interview über vermeintlich männliches Genietum, die "Sister Ceiling" und ein ungewöhnliches Projekt.
Authorship in top-ranked mathematical and physical journals: Role of gender on self-perceptions and bibliographic evidence
Autor/in:
Mihaljević, Helena; Santamaría, Lucía
Quelle: Quantitative Science Studies, 1 (2020) 4, S 1468–1492
Inhalt: Despite increasing rates of women researching in math-intensive fields, publications by female authors remain underrepresented. By analyzing millions of records from the dedicated bibliographic databases zbMATH, arXiv, and ADS, we unveil the chronological evolution of authorships by women in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. We observe a pronounced shortage of female authors in top-ranked journals, with quasistagnant figures in various distinguished periodicals in the first two disciplines and a significantly more equitable situation in the latter. Additionally, we provide an interactive open-access web interface to further examine the data. To address whether female scholars submit fewer articles for publication to relevant journals or whether they are consciously or unconsciously disadvantaged by the peer review system, we also study authors’ perceptions of their submission practices and analyze around 10,000 responses, collected as part of a recent global survey of scientists. Our analysis indicates that men and women perceive their submission practices to be similar, with no evidence that a significantly lower number of submissions by women is responsible for their underrepresentation in top-ranked journals. According to the self-reported responses, a larger number of articles submitted to prestigious venues correlates rather with aspects associated with pronounced research activity, a well-established network, and academic seniority.
"Motherhood Penalty?" : Examining Gender, Work, and Family among Science Professionals in India
Autor/in:
Ray, Debapriya; Samanta, Tannistha
Quelle: Navigating Careers in the Academy: Gender, Race, and Class, 3 (2020) 1, S 37–51
Inhalt: The low female labor force participation is a longstanding concern for sociologists, labour economists and planners at large. While socio-demographic forces of decreasing fertility and increasing achievements in higher educational attainment have been often associated with increasing labor force participation of women in most societies, India presents a puzzling labour market syndrome. Studies note an inverse association between increase in household income, educational attainment and women’s employment (Das et al. 2015; Klasen and Pieters 2015).
In the third paper, “Motherhood Penalty?”: Examining Gender, Work, and Family among Science Professionals in India,” Debapriya Ray and Tannistha Samanta examine how gender roles and patrifocal prescriptive codes create unequal outcomes among middle class women and men in science careers. The authors argue that a new way of looking at under-representation different from the glass ceiling and the motherhood penalty, for example, is required to understand the the continued lack of women in science and leadership decision making decisions.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechterrolle; Geschlechterstereotyp; Indien; Mutterschaft; Norm; Unterrepräsentanz; wissenschaftliches Personal
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
