The Prospective Influence of Perceived Social Norms on Bystander Actions Against Sexual Violence and Relationship Abuse: A Multiple Mediation Model
Autor/in:
Mulla, Mazheruddin M.; Haikalis, Michelle; Orchowski, Lindsay M.; Berkowitz, Alan D.
Quelle: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37 (2022)
Details
Inhalt: The present study assessed support for an innovative model of the direct and indirect paths through which perceived peer norms regarding the prevalence and acceptability of sexual violence (SV) and relationship abuse (RA) may influence the decisional process leading to bystander intervention. Analyses included baseline and 6-month follow-up data collected from a large sample of high school students (N = 2,303) across 27 schools in the Northeastern United States. Path analyses were conducted to test a multiple mediation model of the direct and indirect associations among the sequential predictors of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms, personal attitudes, abuse perceptions, risk recognition, and dependent measures of bystander behaviors at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Higher perceptions of the prevalence (descriptive norms) and acceptability (injunctive norms) of SV and RA among peers were associated with more accepting personal attitudes toward SV and RA, which were associated with lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition. Furthermore, lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition were associated with decreases in bystander behaviors at both time points. Mediational analyses revealed several significant indirect paths through which higher perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms contributed to decreases in bystander behavior. Findings provide novel evidence of the prospective influence of perceived norms on bystander intervention behavior in situations of SV and RA.
Schlagwörter:evaluation capacity building
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
From Bystanders to Upstanders: Supporters and Key Informants for Victims of Gender Violence
Autor/in:
Puigvert, Lidia; Soler-Gallart, Marta; Vidu, Ana
Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (2022) 14
Details
Inhalt: Scientific literature has presented relevant evidence about the existence of gender violence in science and has evaluated some programs and actions against this problem. Although many researchers have identified the importance of those intervention programs to overcome this harassment, it is still a predominant reality in institutions, surrounded by the law of silence. Emerging lines of research are studying which of those programs are successful in this endeavor, and their transferability to other contexts. This research has analyzed one program: Programme of Women's Dialogic Action (ProWomenDialogue). To gather evidence for expressing whether or not ProWomenDialogue has an impact, and whether it constitutes a successful action against harassment, the SIOR (Social Impact Open Repository) criteria, emerging from the FP7 IMPACT-Project, have been used for the evaluation of this research's social impact. Drawing on SIOR, ProWomenDialogue shows unprecedented transformations in academia through six lines of action. The political impact led to legislation that made compulsory the creation of equality committees and protocols against sexual harassment. Social impact, aligned with SDG 5, inspires the reduction of GBV, while encouraging the career promotion of female researchers. ProWomenDialogue embodies a Successful Action platform against violence, presenting their features as recommendations to be implemented in other settings.
Schlagwörter:bystander intervention; Evaluation; isolation; Measure; sexual harassment; social implication; upstander; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
UniSAFE D5.2: Report on Case Studies on the Effects and Consequences of Institutional Responses to Gender-based Violence along the 7Ps in Research Performing Organisations
Autor/in:
Ranea-Triviño, Beatriz; Pajares, Lorena; Bustelo, Maria; Jaquetto Pereira, Bruna Cristina
Quelle: Zenodo, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: The objective of this report is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the effects and consequences of the design and implementation of institutional measures and responses to gender-based violence, including sexual harassment, in research performing organisations (RPOs). This is done through a multi-level analysis of 16 case studies conducted in 15 European countries: 11 case studies were carried out in EU-27 countries (Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Spain, Sweden) and four in Associated Countries (Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, the United Kingdom).
The 16 case studies were selected from the UniSAFE’s inventory of policies and measures to respond to gender-based violence in European universities and research organisations (Deliverable 5.1, Huck et al., 2022). This report is also related to other UniSAFE’s deliverables: it makes use of the 7Ps framework (prevalence, prevention, protection, prosecution, provision of services, partnerships, and policies) developed in deliverable 3.1. “Report on the conceptual and theoretical state of the art” (Strid et al., 2021) and it also benefits from insights from deliverable 3.2 “Report on the European policy baseline” (Fajmonová et al., 2021) and deliverable 4.3. “Gender-based violence and its consequences in European Academia, Summary results from the UniSAFE survey” (Lipinsky et al., 2022).
Schlagwörter:case study; Fallstudie; GBV; institutional transformation
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender-based violence and its consequences in European Academia : First results from the UniSAFE Survey
Autor/in:
Lipinsky, Anke; Schredl, Claudia; Baumann, Horst; Humbert, Anne Laure; Tanwar, Jagriti
Quelle: UniSAFE project no.101006261; 2022.
Details
Inhalt: Between January and May 2022, UniSAFE coordinated the implementation of a survey
among 46 participating universities and research organisations in 15 countries in Europe,
to collect measurable evidence on prevalence of gender-based violence in academia and
research.
All staff and students (18 years and older) from these organisations received the survey via
internal communication channels. The full list of participating organisations is available at
https://unisafe-gbv.eu. All institutions participated on a voluntary basis, as part of their
involvement in the UniSAFE project, as a joint effort to tackle gender-based violence in
academia by generating new knowledge and developing operational tools.
The 15 countries include Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and United Kingdom. The
survey was also administered to an international association of mobile researchers.
The response rate to the survey varied across the 46 participating universities and research
organisations. Overall, the total response rate is 3.9%, with a significantly higher response
rate of 10.5% among staff than among students (2.7%).
Schlagwörter:GBV; Umfrage
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Organizational norms of sexual harassment and gender discrimination in Danish academia: From recognizing through contesting to queering pervasive rhetorical legitimation strategies
Autor/in:
Guschke, Bontu Lucie; Just, Sine Nørholm; Muhr, Sara Louise
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2022)
Details
Inhalt: Studies of sexual harassment in professional contexts, including academia, provide detailed explanations of the predominance and pervasiveness of sexist organizational norms that enable harassing behavior—and offer a thorough critique of the structures and practices that support and reproduce these norms. When sexist organizational norms are linked to acts of sexual harassment, it becomes clear that harassment is systemic, and that organizations tend to justify and excuse the very norms and behaviors that propagate harassment. Focusing on the context of Danish universities, we do not ask whether sexism exists in Danish society generally and in academia specifically, but rather, why issues of systemic sexism and normalized sexual harassment have been ignored for so long and how sexist organizational norms have been maintained. Based on an investigation of prevalent rhetorical strategies for legitimating sexual harassment and gendered discrimination, we discuss how recognizing these strategies may translate into concerted action against them. Introducing queer organization studies as a lever for such translation, we suggest that a norm-critical approach may, first, explain how currently dominant norms offer sexist excuses for continued harassment and, consequently, delegitimize and change these unjust norms and the untenable practices they support.
Schlagwörter:academia; Dänemark; Denmark; harassment; Hochschule; Norm; Organisation; queer studies; sexism; Sexismus; sexual harassment; university; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual Harassment and Coercion in German Academia: A large-Scale Survey Study
Autor/in:
Hoebel, Merle; Durglishvili, Ana; Reinold, Johanna; Leising, Daniel
Quelle: Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, and Prevention, (2022) 17
Details
Inhalt: We surveyed a large sample (N = 6,217) of students and employees at a German university
regarding their experiences as (potential) targets of sexual harassment and/or coercion (SH/C).
Participants were asked specific questions depending on whether they had been targets of SH/C
themselves, knew someone who had been affected or said they had no such experiences. Pre-
registered analyses showed that women were assumed to become targets more often, and actually
did become targets much more often (26.7%) than did males (4.7%; odds ratio: 7.45). Men more often
had no first- or second-hand knowledge of any SH/C incidents (odds ratio: 1.75). Contrary to what
participants assumed they would do if they became targets, only a very small percentage of such
experiences were actually reported using the available channels. Most participants who
experienced but did not report SH/C said they did not expect that doing so would lead to any
consequences. Greater offence severity was associated with a stronger wish to avoid emotional
distress by not reporting. Furthermore, reporting often times did not lead to any significant
consequences in the majority of cases. Complaint systems against sexual harassment and coercion
in academia may be largely dysfunctional. Practical implications are discussed.
Schlagwörter:binary; sexual harassment; university
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Using Mixed Methods Integration to Evaluate the Structure of Help-Seeking Barriers Scale: A Survivor-Centered Approach
Autor/in:
Thorvaldsdottir, Karen Birna; Halldorsdottir, Sigridur; Saint Arnault, Denise M.
Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (2022) 7
Details
Inhalt: Despite the high prevalence of adverse health and trauma-related outcomes associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), help-seeking and service utilization among survivors is low. This study is part of a larger mixed-methods and survivor-centered validation study on the Icelandic Barriers to Help-Seeking for Trauma (BHS-TR) scale, a new barriers measure focused on trauma recovery. A mixed-methods legitimation strategy of integration was employed to evaluate the BHS-TR structure in samples of IPV survivors. The merging of qualitative (n = 17) and quantitative (n = 137) data through a joint display analysis revealed mainly complementarity findings, strengthening the scale's overall trustworthiness and validity evidence. Divergent findings involved items about mistrust, perceived rejection, stigmatization, fearing vulnerability, and safeguarding efforts that were significant help-seeking barriers in the survivors' narratives, whereas factor analysis indicated their removal. These BHS-TR items were critically evaluated in an iterative spiraling process that supported the barriers' influence, illuminated core issues, and guided potential refinements. This work contributes to the growing field of mixed methods instrument validation placing equal status on qualitative and quantitative methods and emphasizing integration to provide more complete insights. Moreover, the study's findings highlight the added value of further exploring divergence between two sets of data and the importance of giving attention to the voices of the target population throughout the validation process.
Schlagwörter:Beschwerdestelle; disclosure; GBV; Gewalt gegen Frauen; Intervention; Maßnahmen; Opfer; scale; Skala; trauma; Validität; validity; victimization; violence; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Conceptual Development and Content Validation of a Multicultural Instrument to Assess the Normalization of Gender-Based Violence against Women
Autor/in:
Rodelli, Maddalena; Koutra, Kleio; Thorvaldsdottir, Karen Birna; Bilgin, Hulya; Ratsika, Nikoleta; Testoni, Ines; Saint Arnault, Denise M.
Quelle: Sexuality & Culture (Sexuality & Culture), 26 (2022) 1, S 26–47
Details
Inhalt: The normalization of gender-based violence (GBV) consists of all those cultural beliefs and values that sustain, justify, or minimize GBV perpetration. Acknowledging the lack of instruments addressing the normalization of GBV and its constitutive sociocultural dimensions, this article presents the conceptual development and initial validation of the Normalization of gender-based violence against women scale. This 18-item instrument could be used to assess the normalization of violence against women in GBV survivors of various cultural contexts. The scale has been developed through a sizeable mixed-methods study. This paper reports the qualitative portion of the study that allowed the development of the instrument and assessment of its content and face validity. In particular, the method section details the process by which the assessed scale’s domain has been identified through an expert panel workshop, the analysis of GBV survivor’s interviews, and the review of existing scales. The assessment of face and content validity, trough expert judges’ evaluation and Cognitive Interviewing, is presented. This instrument is the first normalization scale developed by a multicultural team for use with violence survivors. The techniques used to construct this scale aimed to capture cultural aspects of normalization that might be shared across women from diverse groups. Therefore, its use could enable social or health care providers worldwide to program or evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to contrast GBV by promoting a clearer understanding of cultural and social norms that sustain the acceptance and normalization of violence.
Schlagwörter:GBV; Gewalt gegen Frauen; Island; Messkonzept; Normalisierung; normalization; sexual assault; Skala; survivor experience; Validität; validity
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Researching Students’ Experiences of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Harassment: Reflections and Recommendations from Surveys of Three UK HEIs
Autor/in:
Bull, Anna; Duggan, Marian; Livesey, Louise
Quelle: Social Sciences, 11 (2022) 8, 373 S
Details
Inhalt: In the US, ‘campus climate surveys’ are an established measure of the prevalence of, and students’ awareness of and attitudes to sexual and gender-based violence and harassment (SGBVH). They are regularly carried out by universities to assist SGBVH prevention and responses. Such surveys have only recently started to be carried out within UK higher education institutions (HEIs) and the three authors of this article all independently undertook such surveys in different HEIs. Comparing our experiences of undertaking these surveys across three HEIs allows us to explore similarities and differences in our experiences of this type of research, in particular the challenges which arose in carrying out such research in three very different types of HEI. This article presents reflections on the methodological and political challenges of such work. We discuss our rationales for initiating these projects, the methodological approaches we employed, the governance structures navigated in pursuing the research and the difficulties that arose in conducting and reporting on the research. This article will be of interest to academics, activists, and policy-makers—domestically and internationally—who wish to carry out such research. By comparing approaches, we draw attention to issues and potential impediments of relevance to others wanting to embark on similar work within their own HEI.
Schlagwörter:campus; climate survey; ethical issues in surveys; GBV; higher education; sexual harassment; student; survey research; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Queer Positionality and Researching University Lad Culture
Autor/in:
Stenson, Annis Elizabeth
Quelle: Social Sciences, 11 (2022) 12, 562 S
Details
Inhalt: This paper reflects on my experiences as a queer researcher investigating the relationship between university lad culture and gender-related violence. Gender-related violence is analysed as a useful conceptual tool for considering lad culture, owing to the relationship between lad culture and sexual violence, LGBT-phobia and the privileging of white, young, heterosexual men within lad culture. Using reflections from my doctoral case study research, in which I collected data from self-identified ‘lads’ (5 in-depth interviews), I will consider the challenges and benefits of my researcher position in relation the research methodology. Then, using a re-analysis of interviews, I will argue that my researcher position led to certain presentations of lad culture from my participants. Self-Identified Lad (SIL) participants presented themselves as distant from lad culture, showed queerness/hid homophobia within lad culture and were willing to discuss sexual violence. While the case study yielded only a small sample of SILs, a benefit of my researcher position is that this project was the first to conduct interviews with LGB lads and one female lad. My queer feminist position has therefore produced a unique insight into lads who identify with lad culture but discursively position themselves as fringe members. This contributes to theorisations of a laddish continuum, and allows us to consider why some self-identified lads are on the fringes, and what this tells us about lad culture
Schlagwörter:culture; ethics; Homophobie; LGBTQ+; masculinities; positionality; queer; sexual abuse; UK; university; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz