Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 30 (2018) 1, S 96-119
Inhalt: Educational expansion, the massive increase of women’s labor force participation, and assortative mating have reduced asymmetries in educational achievements and in career resources between women and men in virtually every Western society. This paper provides an analysis of the association between partners' education, parenthood, and spouses' relative labor supply in East and West Germany. Education is considered from two angles: as an indicator for resources on the labor market or as an indicator for gender attitudes. We apply cross-sectional data from the 2011 German Microcensus, comprising 57,366 couple households. For our estimations, we use General Linear Models. Because of high case numbers, we are able to estimate several interaction effects in statistical powerful detail. We find that (1) a woman's share of paid work is higher, the higher she is educated; (2) women with higher education than their male partners realize higher shares of relative employment (in comparison to other women); (3) women rarely realize a share of 50% or higher on average in any educational composition; (4) especially young children have a huge impact on women's labor supply; and (5) women's comparative educational advantages are more important for their share of paid work in West than in East Germany. Neither interpretation of relative education can explain the overall picture of couples’ division of paid work alone. Depending on parenthood, the age of the youngest child in the household, and the regional context, either normative, or economic exchanges between partners seem to drive the association between relative education, and relative labor supply of women. We demonstrate the usefulness of two theoretical approaches of framing education as an explanatory concept.
Schlagwörter:Partnerschaft; partnership; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; Elternschaft; parenthood; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Familie; family; Federal Republic of Germany; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; neue Bundesländer; New Federal States
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Das Narrativ "natürlicher" Mutterliebe und Mütterlichkeit in Literatur und Film
Titelübersetzung:The narrative of natural motherly love in literature and movies
Autor/in:
Schlicht, Corinna
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 8 (2016) 1, S 108-123
Inhalt: "Im Sinne einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Emotionsforschung, die Affekte und Gefühle auf ihre kulturellen Repräsentationsformen und Bedingungen hin untersucht, wird in historischer Perspektive gezeigt, wie das Narrativ mütterlicher Fürsorge bis heute das kulturelle Verständnis von der Frau formt. Die Analyse eines filmischen (Stephen Daldry The Hours) und eines literarischen Beispiels (Julia Franck Die Mittagsfrau) stellt zwei Werke in den Mittelpunkt, die jeweils eine Doppelperspektive einnehmen, die der Mutter und die des Kindes. Sie gehören zu der Textgruppe, die ein im Weiblichkeitsdiskurs eher tabuisiertes Feld behandeln, nämlich Mütter zu perspektivieren, die ihre Kinder nicht aufopferungsvoll lieben. Sie sind als kritische Reflexionen biologistischer Vorannahmen über scheinbar ąnatürliche' Mütterlichkeit, mit der innerhalb des kulturell verankerten binären Systems gleichzeitig die "Unnatürlichkeit" männlicher Fürsorge impliziert ist, ebenso zu verstehen wie als Infragestellung eines traditionellen Familienbilds, in dem Väter von der Zuständigkeit für das emotionale Kindeswohl eher ausgeschlossen sind, weil diese als genuin weibliche Aufgabe diskursiviert wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article demonstrates from a historical perspective and in terms of cultural studies research into emotions, which examines affects and feelings in terms of their forms of cultural representation and cultural conditions, how the narrative of motherly care has shaped the cultural understanding of women up to the present day. An analysis of one cinematic (Stephen Daldry's "The Hours") and one literary (Julia Franck's "Die Mittagsfrau") example puts the focus on two works which both adopt a double perspective, that of the mother as well as of the child. They belong to the group of texts which deal with a tabooed field in the femininity discourse, that is the perspective of those mothers who do not selflessly love their children. They are to be understood as critical reflections of biologistic presuppositions about apparently "natural" motherliness, which at the same time, within the culturally anchored binary system, implies the "unnaturalness" of masculine care. Moreover, they must be understood as calling into question the traditional family image in which fathers tend to be excluded from responsibility for a child's emotional well-being because that is narrated as a genuinely female task." (author's abstract)
Fathering and Gender: Transformation in Zimbabwean Transnational Families
Titelübersetzung:Vaterschaft und Gender: Transformation in transnationalen simbabwischen Familien
Autor/in:
Chereni, Admire
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 16 (2015) 2, 21 S
Inhalt: Die südafrikanische Migrationsforschung hat der Beziehung von Migranten zu ihren Familien und insbesondere den emotionalen und kognitiven Aspekten dieser Beziehung im Lichte von Gender-Transformation bisher wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Ausgehend von einer qualitativen Studie, an der sechs simbabwische Migranten, die in Johannesberg leben, und drei derer in Simbabwe verbliebenen Frauen teilnahmen, versuche ich zu zeigen, welche Potenziale und Hemmnisse aus transnationaler Migration für die Rekonstitution gender-normativer Beziehungen in solchen Familien erwachsen: Die Analyse der Interviews mit den Migranten und ihren Frauen verdeutlichte, dass Letztere -obwohl mütterliche und väterliche Rollenbilder im Zuge transnationaler Trennung immer verschwommen werden- angesichts erheblicher häuslicher Herausforderungen gender-normative Erwartungen an ihre abwesenden Männer richten. Auf diese Weise werden gender-normative Erziehungsstile in diesen transnational getrennten Familien intensiviert. (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: Migration research in Southern Africa has paid little attention to migrant men's involvement in the family, including their emotional and cognitive work, as well as associated gender transformations. Based on a qualitative study of six Zimbabwean migrant fathers in Johannesburg and three non-migrant women in Zimbabwe, this article argues that transnational migration at once presents opportunities for and obstacles to the reconstitution of gender-normative forms of parental involvement in migrant families. The analysis of the narratives of migrant men and their spouses demonstrates that, although maternal and paternal roles may become considerably indistinct in the context of transnational separations, non-migrant women may emphasize gender-normative expectations in their negotiations with distant fathers when faced with huge responsibilities at home. Such negotiations tend to reinforce gender-normative parenting in transnational split families. (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Vaterschaft; fatherhood; Gender; gender; Familie; family; Migration; migration; Migrant; migrant; Erziehungsstil; parenting style; Transnationalität; transnationality; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Mutterschaft; motherhood; Republik Südafrika; Republic of South Africa; Simbabwe; Zimbabwe; südliches Afrika; Southern Africa; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Africa South of the Sahara; anglophones Afrika; English-speaking Africa; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Afrika; Africa; Interview; interview
Remnant "Family": the role of women in the media discourse on families
Titelübersetzung:La famille rémanente: le rôle des femmes dans le discours des médias sur les familles
Autor/in:
Tank, Jennifer; Prinzing, Marlis
Quelle: ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies, 7 (2014) 2, S 95-117
Inhalt: How does gender affect discourse processes, particularly regarding the coverage of family issues? In order to explore this question, we focus on media representations of women in their roles as mothers on the one hand and journalists on the other and we compare the reporting of male and female journalists covering families. We refer to gender theory to examine processes of gender construction by different actors in the media and we draw on journalism theory to explain different reporting styles and strategies by male and female authors regarding discourse strategies, framing, and gender-stereotyping. Our methodological approaches include quantitative and qualitative content analyses and 14 semi-structured interviews with journalists, family researchers, and lobbyists. The sample includes coverage of families in general and that of large families in particular in German print media in the years 2011 and 2012, for a total of 1,100 texts. One of the key findings, not surprisingly, is that most of the journalists reporting on families are female. Similar to male journalists, however, they focus on the traditional family type despite the fact that various alternative forms of family life are now a social reality.
Experiences of migration as a space for reflection: renegotiating gender roles in family relationships
Autor/in:
Dudt, Muriel; Kempf, Andreas Oskar; Satola, Agnieszka
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 97-113
Inhalt: "Based on biographical narrative interviews with three migrant women, the article discusses how migration experiences can lead to a reflection of gender roles. In the three cases, there are various motivations for migration, different family arrangements and work experiences throughout the migration process, and also a change of roles of the women within their families. For the interview partners, the access to material resources achieved partly under great sacrifice and the possibility to compare different life contexts and gender regimes triggered an ambivalent process of reflection on gender relations. Their reorganization of gender relations can be rather incomplete or require strong legitimization upon return; it can also be transmitted as a project for the next generation to complete." (author's abstract)
Wer ist tatsächlich benachteiligt? : Die Wirkung traditioneller Geschlechterrollen auf schulische Leistungen und elterliche Aspirationen in deutschen und türkischen Familien
Titelübersetzung:Who Is Indeed Disadvantaged? : The Effect of Traditional Gender Roles on Educational Achievement and Parental Aspirations in German and Turkish Families
Autor/in:
Salikutluk, Zerrin; Heyne, Stefanie
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 43 (2014) H. 6, S. 421-440
Inhalt: "Traditionelle Geschlechterrollen werden einerseits als Grund für die Benachteiligung von Mädchen gesehen, andererseits wird argumentiert, dass das schlechte Abschneiden von Jungen im Bildungssystem mit traditionellen Männlichkeitsvorstellungen zusammenhänge. Empirische Analysen der Daten aus den Projekten Junge Migranten im deutschen und israelischen Bildungssystem und Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries zeigen, dass türkischstämmige Eltern dann niedrigere Bildungsaspirationen für ihre Töchter haben, wenn die Mütter in der Familie nicht erwerbstätig sind. Normative Einstellungen der Eltern zur geschlechtsspezifischen Arbeitsteilung hängen hingegen nicht mit den Bildungsaspirationen für ihre Kinder zusammen. Bei schulischen Leistungen im Fach Mathematik kristallisiert sich hingegen ein Nachteil für türkischstämmige Jungen heraus, wenn diese traditionelle Einstellungen haben. Für deutsche Eltern und Jugendliche finden sich keine derartigen Zusammenhänge." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article investigates the effect of traditional gender roles on gender disparities in school. On the one hand, traditional gender roles are generally taken to put girls at a disadvantage. On the other hand, it is assumed that traditional masculinity norms lead to poorer school performance among boys. Using data from the projects 'Young Immigrants in the German and Israeli Educational System' and 'Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries' we show that although parental attitudes in regard to gender roles do not affect their aspirations for the education of their children parents with a Turkish migrational background do have lower educational aspirations for their daughters if mothers are not participating in the Labor market. Furthermore, boys of Turkish background who have traditional attitudes achieve lower results in mathematics. No such gender difference was found with respect to German parents and students." (author's abstract)
Familienleitbilder: Identifikation und Wirkungsweise auf generatives Verhalten
Titelübersetzung:Family-orientated Leitbilder: Identification and impact in generative behavior
Autor/in:
Diabaté, Sabine; Lück, Detlev
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 26 (2014) 1, S 49-69
Inhalt: "Seit langem zeichnet sich die Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch ein niedriges Geburtenniveau aus. In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten wurden zur Erklärung des generativen Verhaltens vor allem sozioökonomische und strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen herangezogen. Dieser Beitrag versteht sich als Plädoyer für eine Leitbildforschung, in der normativ-kulturelle Erklärungsansätze weiterentwickelt werden, um bestehende Konzepte komplementär zu ergänzen und zu einem umfassenderen Verständnis beizutragen. Hierbei wird angenommen, dass kollektiv geteilte Leitbilder existieren, welche beispielsweise die Gestaltung der Partnerschaft oder Elternschaft und den Kinderwunsch bzw. die Entscheidung für oder gegen (weitere) Kinder beeinflussen. Es werden verschiedene Kriterien entwickelt, um eine künftige empirische Suche und Identifikation von Familienleitbildern theoretisch zu fundieren. Abschließend werden methodische Herausforderungen für eine soziologische Leitbildforschung diskutiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "For a long time, the Federal Republic of Germany has been characterised by a low birth rate. In the past two decades, particularly socio-economic and structural frameworks were used to explain generative behaviour. This article is to be understood as a plea for Leitbild research. Here, normativecultural explanations are developed to explain reproductive behaviour and to obtain a deeper understanding of parental roles and partnership. It is assumed that collectively shared guiding role models (Leitbilder) exist, which are influencing e.g. the partnership, the parent-child relationship and the decision for or against (more) children. Criteria are developed to provide a theoretical foundation for the empirical search for and identification of Leitbilder in the future. Finally, starting points for sociological research on Leitbilder are outlined." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Familie; family; Leitbild; example; generatives Verhalten; reproductive behavior; soziale Norm; social norm; Wertorientierung; value-orientation; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Partnerbeziehung; partner relationship; Elternschaft; parenthood; Kinderwunsch; desire for children; Familienpolitik; family policy
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
The impact of method bias on the cross-cultural comparability in face-to-face surveys among ethnic minorities
Autor/in:
Kappelhof, Joost W. S.
Quelle: Methods, data, analyses : a journal for quantitative methods and survey methodology (mda), 8 (2014) 1, S 79-118
Inhalt: "This article investigates the impact of several sources of method bias on the cross-cultural comparison of attitudes towards gender roles and family ties among non-Western minority ethnic groups. In particular, it investigates how interviewer effects, the use of an interviewer with a shared ethnic background, interview language, interviewer gender, gender matching, the presence of others during the interview and differences in socio-demographic sample composition of non-Western minority ethnic groups affect the cross-cultural comparison of attitudes towards gender roles and family ties between these groups. The data used in this study come from a large scale face-to face survey conducted among the four largest non-Western minority ethnic groups in The Netherlands for which Statistics Netherlands drew a random sample of named individuals from each of the four largest non-Western minority populations living in The Netherlands. Furthermore, methods are introduced to estimate the potential impact of method bias on cross cultural comparisons. The results show that measurement of both gender roles and family ties constructs are full scalar invariant across the different ethnic groups, but that observed differences in attitudes between ethnic groups especially towards gender roles are influenced by method bias. This in turn leads to biased comparisons between ethnic groups because of differences in the size of the various sources of method bias, the differential impact of the same method bias between ethnic groups and the combination thereof." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:ethnische Gruppe; ethnic group; Minderheit; minority; Befragung; survey; Interview; interview; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Familie; family; Niederlande; Netherlands; soziale Integration; social integration; kulturelle Integration; cultural integration; interkultureller Vergleich; intercultural comparison; Forschungsreaktivität; reactivity effect; Antwortverhalten; response behavior; Umfrageforschung; survey research; methods bias; non-Western ethnic minorities; incomparability of samples; multi group Mimic
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften
Arbeitsteilungsmuster bei der Ernährungsversorgung von Familien: Persistenz oder Wandel?
Titelübersetzung:Patterns of labour division in the food work of families: persistence or change?
Autor/in:
Häußler, Angela; Meier-Gräwe, Uta
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 4 (2012) 2, S 9-27
Inhalt: "Wie Zeitbudgeterhebungen und andere empirische Erhebungen für Deutschland zeigen, haben sich die Arbeitsteilungsmuster im Haushalt trotz gestiegener Bildungs- und Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen in den letzten Jahrzehnten kaum geändert. Die Ursachen liegen in der gesellschaftlichen Ordnung der Geschlechter, die nach wie vor durch strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen gestützt wird. Auf der individuellen Ebene bildet sich der Dualismus in geschlechtstypischen Identitätskonzepten ab, hier haben Arbeitsteilungsmuster eine konstitutive Funktion." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "According to time-use studies and other empirical studies conducted in Germany, patterns of domestic labor division have remained almost unchanged in spite of greater labor-market and educational participation by women. This is due to social gender relations, which are still supported by societal settings. At the individual level the dualism is expressed in gender-typical concepts of identity. From this perspective, patterns of domestic labor division have a constitutive function." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:nutrition; Versorgung; housekeeping; Öffentlichkeit; private household; Arbeitsteilung; Hauswirtschaft; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany; Zeitbudget; the public; privacy; Geschlechtsrolle; supply; man; Privatsphäre; time budget; division of labor; Doing Gender; Familie; identity; woman; Identität; Mann; Ernährung; family; doing gender; Privathaushalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Gender equality and fertility intentions revisited evidence from Finland
Titelübersetzung:Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und Fruchtbarkeitsabsichten, korrigierte Ergebnisse aus Finnland
Autor/in:
Miettinen, Anneli; Basten, Stuart; Rotkirch, Anna
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 469-496
Inhalt: "Stimulated by the recent debate on gender roles and men's fertility behavior (Puur et al. 2008; Westoff and Higgins 2009; Goldscheider, Oláh and Puur 2010), the authors present evidence from Finland as a country well into the second phase of the so-called gender revolution. They examine how gender role attitudes relate to childbearing intentions at the onset of family life, intentions to have many (3 or more) children, and high personal fertility ideals among low-parity men and women. Gender equality attitudes are measured for both the public and the domestic sphere and the influence of work and family orientation is controlled for. Finding signs of a U-shaped association among men, the authors conclude that both traditional and egalitarian attitudes raise men's expected fertility compared to men with intermediate gender attitudes and independently of family values. Among Finnish women the impact of gender attitudes is smaller and more ambiguous." (author's abstract)