Using the law to challenge gender based violence in university communities
Autor/in:
Whitfield, Louise
Quelle: Gender based violence in university communities. Sundari Anitha (Hrsg.), Ruth Lewis (Hrsg.). Bristol: Policy Press.. 2018, S 149–167
Inhalt: Although laws do exist to protect women from violence against women and girls (VAWG) on campus, they are rarely used by survivors and routinely ignored by the institutions. There have been very few cases in this area, making legal analysis difficult but this chapter looks at the existing law and how it could be used more to bring about much-needed change in the accountability of universities and respect for women’s rights. The very small number of cases to date reflect both the cultural and legal landscape as well as the difficulties women face in bringing such cases.
Schlagwörter:sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Gender and political violence : Women changing the politics of terrorism
Herausgeber/in:
Ortbals, Candice D.; Poloni-Staudinger, Lori
Inhalt: This book examines the role of gender in political conflicts worldwide, specifically the intersection between gender and terrorism. Political violence has historically been viewed as a male domain with men considered the perpetrators of violence and power, and women as victims without power. Whereas men and masculinity are associated with war and aggression, women and femininity conjure up socially constructed images of passivity and peace. This distinction of men as aggressors and women as passive victims denies women their voice and agency. This book investigates how women cope with and influence violent politics, and is both a descriptive and analytical attempt to describe in what ways women are present or absent in political contexts involving political violence, and how they deal with gender assumptions, express gender identities, and frame their actions regarding political violence encountered in their lives. The book looks to reach beyond the notion of women as victims of terrorism or genocide without agency, and to recognize the gendered nature of political conflicts and how women respond to violence. This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in political science, sociology, cultural studies, and gender studies, academics in terrorism studies and gender studies, government officials, NGOs, and professionals working in areas of violent conflict.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechterrollen; Terrorismus
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Cyber violence and hate speech online against women : Study for the FEMM committee - Policy Department for Citizens‘ Rights and Constitutional Affairs PE 604.979
Herausgeber/in:
European Parliament
Quelle: European Parliament; European Union, 2018. 80 S
Inhalt: This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, looks into the phenomenon of cyber violence and hate speech online against women in the European Union. After reviewing existing definitions of the different forms of cyber violence, the study assesses the root causes and impact of online violence on women. It continues by analysing and mapping the prevalence, victims and perpetrators. The document ends with an outline of the existing legal framework and recommendations for action within the EU remit.
Schlagwörter:cyber violence; hate speech; online violence; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
From radical black feminism to postfeminist hashtags: re-claiming intersectionality
Autor/in:
Villesèche, Florence; Muhr, Sara Louise; Sliwa, Martyna
Quelle: ephemera. theory & politics in organization, 18 (2018) 1, S 1–16
Inhalt: The term ‘intersectionality’ was coined by legal theorist Kimberlé Crenshaw in the late 1980s. Originally, it referred specifically to the vulnerable position of black women victims of domestic violence in the socio-legal context of the United States. In a nutshell, Crenshaw argues that the particular situation of black women cannot be equated with that of white women victims or with the larger discrimination faced by the black population, and thus the legal apparatus is not conceived to appropriately consider their cases. In addition, an underlying aim was to contest the assumed ‘colour-blindness, neutrality and objectivity’ of the criminal justice system in the US (Nash, 2008: 2; Crenshaw, 1989). Besides its root in the legal field, the term ‘intersectionality’ mirrors debates brought about by radical black feminists in the previous decades and which centres on a critique of a western, white feminism that claims universal reach.
Schlagwörter:binary; epistemology; Feminism; Gruppe; Identität; Identity; Individuum; Intersectionality; Kategorie; Konstruktion; Konstruktivismus; Medien; Postfeminism; Postkolonialismus; race; Social aspects; Theorie; theory
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Herausgeber/in:
Risman, Barbara J.; Froyum, Carissa; Scarborough, William J.
Quelle: Cham: Springer (Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research), 2018. 1 online resource
Inhalt: This handbook provides a comprehensive view of the field of the sociology of gender. It presents the most important theories about gender and methods used to study gender, as well as extensive coverage of the latest research on gender in the most important areas of social life, including gendered bodies, sexuality, carework, paid labor, social movements, incarceration, migration, gendered violence, and others. Building from previous publications this handbook includes a vast array of chapters from leading researchers in the sociological study of gender. It synthesizes the diverse field of gender scholarship into a cohesive theoretical framework, gender structure theory, in order to position the specific contributions of each author/chapter as part of a complex and multidimensional gender structure. Through this organization of the handbook, readers do not only gain tremendous insight from each chapter, but they also attain a broader understanding of the way multiple gendered processes are interrelated and mutually constitutive. While the specific focus of the handbook is on gender, the chapters included in the volume also give significant attention to the interrelation of race, class, and other systems of stratification as they intersect and implicate gendered processes.
Schlagwörter:Gender; Handbuch
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Coping and Sexual Harassment : How Victims Cope across Multiple Settings
Autor/in:
Scarduzio, Jennifer A.; Sheff, Sarah E.; Smith, Mathew
Quelle: Archives of sexual behavior, 47 (2018) 2, S 327–340
Inhalt: The ways sexual harassment occurs both online and in face-to-face settings has becomemore complicated. Sexual harassment that occurs in cyberspace or online sexual harassment adds complexity to the experiences of victims, current research understandings, and the legal dimensions of this phenomenon. Social networking sites (SNS) are a type of social media that offer unique opportunities to users and sometimes the communication that occurs on SNS can cross the line from flirtation into online sexual harassment. Victims of sexual harassment employ communicative strategies such as coping to make sense of their experiences of sexual harassment. The current study qualitatively examined problem-focused, active emotion-focused, and passive emotion-focused coping strategies employed by sexual harassment victims across multiple settings.
Schlagwörter:Active emotion-focused coping; Arbeitsklima; bullying; cyber violence; Interview; Online sexual harassment; Passive emotion-focused coping; Problem-focused coping; qualitative analysis; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; work culture
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Sexual harassment is rife in US science : Science academies call for cultural shift to fight problem
Autor/in:
Witze, Alexandra
Quelle: Nature, 558 (2018) 21 June 2018, S 352–353
Inhalt: Sexual harassment is pervasive throughout academic science in the United States, driving some talented researchers out of the field and harming others’ careers, finds a report from the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington DC. The analysis concludes that policies to fight the problem are ineffective because they are set up to protect institutions, not victims — and that universities, funding agencies, scientific societies and other organizations must take stronger action.
“The cumulative effect of sexual harassment is extremely damaging,” says Paula Johnson, president of Wellesley College in Massachusetts and co-chair of the committee that wrote the report. “It’s critical to move beyond the notion of legal compliance to really addressing culture.”
Schlagwörter:#MeToo; Arbeitsklima; bullying; gender-based violence; Hochschulbeschäftigte; Hostility; sexism in research; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Universität; USA
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Inhalt: Gender-based violence (GBV) is one of the greatest social issues affecting South Africa, and universities are no exception. This article reports preliminary results of a pilot study conducted at the University of South Africa (Unisa). The study aimed to ascertain perceptions of GBV among university staff. A range of frequency-seeking questions aimed at exploring awareness, experiences, and reflections about solutions to GBV were posed to selected staff members by means of an online survey. The results of the survey are presented here in graphic form and subjected to descriptive analysis, which is compared with existing literature on the topic. The key findings in this pilot study concern the perceptions of GBV among university staff, their awareness of the types of GBV and its prevalence, and the participants’ feelings about safety regarding GBV and commitment to participate in possible solutions. We conclude that we cannot expect trends reported in literature to be replicated in any research study.
Schlagwörter:abuse; domestic violence; gender-based violence; geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt; Hochschulpersonal; perceptions; South Africa; Südafrika; university staff
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: RES (Revista Española de Sociología), 27 (2018) 3, S 434-449
Inhalt: Nowadays gender-based violence has not only grown but it has become increasingly evident in gender stereotypes upheld by younger people. Universal education is necessary to eradicate these stereotypes in university classrooms. The aim of this work is to find if a relationship exists between sexism and the choice of degree among university students, and if this relates to national culture. We applied the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Expósito, Moya and Glick, 1998 and the Dating Violence Questionnaire by Rodríguez-Franco et al., 2007) to 1,196 university students. The results show that there is a relationship between sexism and the student’s choice of degree course and, particularly, that there is more sexism in technical degrees than in humanities degrees. The cultural ideology is similar between Mexico and Catalonia and only varies in its intensity. It concludes that gender equality education is urgently needed as a general course in technical degrees.
A Systematic Look at a Serial Problem: Sexual Harassment of Students by University Faculty
Autor/in:
Chi Chantalupo, Nancy; Kidder, William
Quelle: Utah Law Review, (2018) , S 671–786
Inhalt: One in ten female graduate students at major research universities report being sexually harassed by a faculty member. Many universities face intense media scrutiny regarding faculty sexual harassment, and whether women are being harassed out of academic careers in scientific disciplines is currently a subject of significant public debate. However, to date, scholarship in this area is significantly constrained. Surveys cannot entirely mesh with the legal/policy definition of sexual harassment. Policymakers want to know about serial (repeat) sexual harassers, where answers provided by student surveys are least satisfactory. Strict confidentiality restrictions block most campus sexual harassment cases from public view.
Taking advantage of recent advances in data availability, this article represents the most comprehensive effort to inventory and analyze actual faculty sexual harassment cases. This review includes over 300 cases obtained from: (1) media reports; (2) federal civil rights investigations by the U.S. Departments of Education and Justice; (3) lawsuits by students alleging sexual harassment; and (4) lawsuits by tenure-track faculty fired for sexual harassment. It also situates this review within the available and most relevant social science literature on sexual harassment and violence in education and the workplace, as well as on methodological limitations of litigated case data, which tend to contain a higher concentration of high-severity cases compared to a random sample.
Two key findings emerged from the data. First, contrary to popular assumptions, faculty sexual harassers are not engaged primarily in verbal behavior. Rather, most of the cases reviewed for this study (53%) involved faculty alleged to have engaged in unwelcome physical contact dominated by groping, sexual assault, and domestic abuse-like behaviors. Second, more than half (53%) of cases involved professors allegedly engaged in serial sexual harassment. Thus, this study adds to our understanding of sexual harassment in the university setting and informs a number of related policy and legal questions including academic freedom, prevention, sanctions, and the so-called “pass-the-harasser” phenomenon of serial sexual harassers relocating to new university positions.
Schlagwörter:sexual harassment; civil rights; sexual assault; faculty; professors; graduate students; education law; #MeToo; OCR; litigation; academia; women in science; gender; repeat harassment; power disparity; accountability; termination; academic freedom; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt; Verantwortlichkeit; Machtgefälle; Frauen in der Wissenschaft