Zwischen Nepotismus und reflexiven Standards: Personalpolitiken und Karrierechancen in der Industrieforschung
Titelübersetzung:Between nepotism and reflexive standards: personnel policies and career opportunities in industrial research
Autor/in:
Matthies, Hildegard
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Gesellschaft und wirtschaftliche Dynamik, Forschungsgruppe Wissenschaftspolitik, 2005-102), 2005. 114 S
Inhalt: "Frauen sind in Wissenschaft und Forschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert, in öffentlich finanzierten Einrichtungen genauso wie in der Privatwirtschaft. Vor allem in höherrangigen Positionen ist der Frauenanteil anhaltend gering. In empirischen Studien werden als Verursacher dieses Phänomens zunehmend informelle und intransparente Praktiken der Personalrekrutierung und -förderung identifiziert. Am Beispiel des Forschungsbereichs eines chemisch-pharmazeutischen Industrieunternehmens in Deutschland wird deshalb in der vorliegenden Studie der Frage nachgegangen, ob eine stärker formalisierte und an einheitlichen Regeln orientierte Personalpolitik derartige Karrierenachteile von Frauen verringern könnte. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Benachteiligung von Frauen aufgrund stereotyper Geschlechterbilder und Verhaltenserwartungen sowie einer männlich geprägten Unternehmenskultur mit paternalistischen Anerkennungs- und Beförderungsstrukturen durch solche Verfahren nur bedingt unterbunden werden kann. Gleichwohl gibt es Anhaltspunkte, dass Personalentscheidungen im Kontext von standardisierten und transparenten Kriterien der Leistungsbewertung einen gewissen Legitimationsdruck erhalten, wodurch für Frauen zumindest die Thematisierung von Diskriminierung erleichtert wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Women in academia and research are still under represented, both in public financed institutions as well as in the private sector of research and development. Particularly in high ranking positions the share of women is continuing to be at a very low level. Empirical studies focussing on this phenomenon identify more and more informal and non-transparent practices of personal recruitment and promotion as a pivotal barrier for women in organizations. Thus the submitted paper goes further into the question, whether a more formalized and well-regulated and controlled personnel policy would minimize those vicarious discriminations for women. The subject of this study is the research division of a German chemical and pharmaceutical industrial enterprise. The findings verify on the one hand the disadvantages of women because of gender stereotypes and traditional expectations of behaviour roles as well as of a masculine organizational culture with paternalistic structures of acknowledgement and promotion. On the other hand there is some evidence, that the use of standardized and transparent criteria for performance assessment would bring staffing decisions under a slight pressure of legitimization, which could facilitate to broaching the issue of discrimination on the official organizational agenda." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:personnel policy; women's employment; Berufsverlauf; chemical industry; discrimination; senior executive; Personalbeurteilung; image of women; job history; Forschung und Entwicklung; Diskriminierung; chemische Industrie; Federal Republic of Germany; hiring; staff appraisal; leitender Angestellter; beruflicher Aufstieg; man; Unternehmen; career advancement; science; Frauenbild; organizational culture; Karriere; woman; Beruf; Mann; research and development; Unternehmenskultur; enterprise; Personaleinstellung; occupation; career; Personalpolitik; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Personalwesen
Zwischen Nepotismus und reflexiven Standards : Personalpolitiken und Karrierechancen in der Industrieforschung
Titelübersetzung:Between nepotism and reflexive standards : personnel policies and career opportunities in industrial research
Autor/in:
Matthies, Hildegard
Quelle: Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Gesellschaft und wirtschaftliche Dynamik, Forschungsgruppe Wissenschaftspolitik, 2005-102), 2005. 114 S.
Inhalt: "Frauen sind in Wissenschaft und Forschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert, in öffentlich finanzierten Einrichtungen genauso wie in der Privatwirtschaft. Vor allem in höherrangigen Positionen ist der Frauenanteil anhaltend gering. In empirischen Studien werden als Verursacher dieses Phänomens zunehmend informelle und intransparente Praktiken der Personalrekrutierung und -förderung identifiziert. Am Beispiel des Forschungsbereichs eines chemisch-pharmazeutischen Industrieunternehmens in Deutschland wird deshalb in der vorliegenden Studie der Frage nachgegangen, ob eine stärker formalisierte und an einheitlichen Regeln orientierte Personalpolitik derartige Karrierenachteile von Frauen verringern könnte. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Benachteiligung von Frauen aufgrund stereotyper Geschlechterbilder und Verhaltenserwartungen sowie einer männlich geprägten Unternehmenskultur mit paternalistischen Anerkennungs- und Beförderungsstrukturen durch solche Verfahren nur bedingt unterbunden werden kann. Gleichwohl gibt es Anhaltspunkte, dass Personalentscheidungen im Kontext von standardisierten und transparenten Kriterien der Leistungsbewertung einen gewissen Legitimationsdruck erhalten, wodurch für Frauen zumindest die Thematisierung von Diskriminierung erleichtert wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Women in academia and research are still under represented, both in public financed institutions as well as in the private sector of research and development. Particularly in high ranking positions the share of women is continuing to be at a very low level. Empirical studies focussing on this phenomenon identify more and more informal and non-transparent practices of personal recruitment and promotion as a pivotal barrier for women in organizations. Thus the submitted paper goes further into the question, whether a more formalized and well-regulated and controlled personnel policy would minimize those vicarious discriminations for women. The subject of this study is the research division of a German chemical and pharmaceutical industrial enterprise. The findings verify on the one hand the disadvantages of women because of gender stereotypes and traditional expectations of behaviour roles as well as of a masculine organizational culture with paternalistic structures of acknowledgement and promotion. On the other hand there is some evidence, that the use of standardized and transparent criteria for performance assessment would bring staffing decisions under a slight pressure of legitimization, which could facilitate to broaching the issue of discrimination on the official organizational agenda." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
What does the literature say about the persistence of women with career goals in physical
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics? : (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association,
Biloxi, MS, November 5-7, 2003)