Professorinnen und Professoren in der akademischen Selbstverwaltung : Eine Rekonstruktion handlungsleitender Orientierungsrahmen
Autor/in:
Philipps, Axel; Johannsen, Johanna
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 48 (2020) 5-6, S 435–452
Inhalt: Zu den zentralen Aufgaben einer Professur an deutschen Universitäten gehört neben Forschung und Lehre die Beteiligung an der akademischen Selbstverwaltung, wobei sich die Hochschulforschung vor allem auf die ersten beiden Berufsfelder konzentriert. Die wenigen Erkenntnisse zum Engagement in der Selbstverwaltung beziehen sich vorrangig auf veränderte organisationale Aspekte. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie mit Hilfe der praxeologischen Wissenssoziologie untersucht werden kann, in welchen Orientierungsrahmen das akademische Personal innerhalb der akademischen Selbstverwaltung agiert. Dazu wurden teilnarrative Interviews durchgeführt und mit der dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis unterscheiden wir zwischen den „Hochschulmanagenden“, „Zurückhaltenden“ und „Pflichtbewussten“, wobei insbesondere der Orientierungsrahmen der „Pflichtbewussten“ erklärt, warum sich Professorinnen und Professoren wiederkehrend in der akademischen Selbstverwaltung gewissenhaft engagieren, obwohl sie der Forschung und Lehre den Vorrang einräumen.
Hidden social exclusion in Indian academia : Gender, caste and conference participation
Autor/in:
Sabharwal, Nidhi S.; Henderson, Emily F.; Joseph, Roma Smart
Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2020) 1, S 27–42
Inhalt: Conferences are key sites for the development of academic careers; however multiple studies have shown that conferences are exclusionary on the basis of gender and other axes of social disadvantage. This study focuses on India and as such also incorporates caste as an axis of privilege and disadvantage in relation to access to conferences. Conferences in this paper are framed within a broader professional development agenda, which is the way in which conferences are located in Indian higher education policy discourses, and a social exclusion perspective is taken as the analytical lens. The paper is based on data from a large-scale national study of social inequalities in higher education, which included quantitative analysis of administrative records and qualitative analysis of interviews with academics on their participation in conferences and professional development activities. Key findings include that participation in conferences is proportionally lower for women and scheduled caste academics than for men and upper-caste academics, and that access to conferences is embroiled in relational processes of social exclusion which operate in the academy, despite formal policies being in place. The article recommends further scrutiny of policy implementation and replication of this analysis across different country contexts.
Recognition through awards : A source of gender inequality in science?
Autor/in:
Helga Van Miegroet; Christy Glass
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 12 (2020) 2, S 289–315
Inhalt: Drawing from Acker’s gendered organizations perspective, this study analyzes the gender distribution of research and non-research awards in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) colleges at a mid-size public doctoral university in the western U.S. This analysis is complemented with a faculty survey (2016) elucidating faculty perceptions of the nomination process and their standing within their department and college. Despite an increase in the number of women among STEM faculty over time, women remain underrepresented among research award recipients, especially at the university level. The ratio of research to non-research awards for men is 3 to 6 times that of women faculty. Differences in productivity cannot be invoked as a mechanism for this gendered awards distribution. Women report being overlooked in the nomination process for all awards. This study suggests that the nomination and selection processes put women at an evaluative disadvantage with respect to high-status research awards. Social proximity tends to neutralize some of the evaluation bias at the college level.
The role of diversity in science : A case study of women advancing female birdsong research
Autor/in:
Haines, Casey D.; Rose, Evangeline M.; Odom, Karan J.; Omland, Kevin E.
Quelle: Animal Behaviour, 168 (2020) , S 19–24
Inhalt: Researchers of different genders and backgrounds contribute greatly to the diversity of questions and approaches in science. Historically birdsong was studied primarily as a male trait. However, as researchers in the field of animal behaviour have become more diverse, women have made substantial contributions to the birdsong literature, including through the study of female birdsong. We investigated the influence of gender on research topic and asked: are research articles on female birdsong disproportionately authored by women? We surveyed published ‘female song’ papers within the last 20 years, recording counts of author gender and authorship position (first, middle, last). We compared these data to a control group of ‘birdsong’ papers that were matched by journal and publication date. We found strong associations between research topic and author gender. First authors of female birdsong papers are significantly more likely to be women: women now make-up 68% of first authors on female birdsong papers whereas women are only 44% of the first authors on general birdsong papers. Our case study suggests that women are making a greater contribution to the emerging field of female birdsong. This discrepancy demonstrates the importance of diversity in addressing previously understudied areas of science. Increasing diversity in science can lead to new approaches for studying behaviour, ecology and conservation.
Schlagwörter:Biologie; Diversität; Diversity; Forschung; Forschungsgegenstand; gender bias; Gender in der Forschung
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dual-anonymization Yields Promising Results for Reducing Gender Bias : A Naturalistic Field Experiment of Applications for Hubble Space Telescope Time
Autor/in:
Johnson, Stefanie K.; Kirk, Jessica F.
Quelle: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 132 (2020) 1009
Inhalt: Using archival data, we examine the effects of the Hubble Space Telescope Time Allocation Committee (HST TAC)’s decision to adopt a dual- rather than single-anonymous review process. The change involved removing, to varying degrees, information about the Principal Investigator (PI) with the goal of reducing bias against women. Proposals led by female PIs were significantly more likely to be accepted in the five cycles following the changes compared to the 11 cycles using a single-anonymous review system. Taking a closer look at why these changes emerged, we examined data at the reviewer-level in the cycle immediately preceding the change compared to three of the cycles after the change. We found that male reviewers rated female PIs significantly worse than they rated male PIs before, but not after, dual-anonymization was adopted.
Gendered strategies of mobility and academic career
Autor/in:
Nikunen, Minna; Lempiäinen, Kirsti
Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2020) 4, S 554–571
Inhalt: In universities, being mobile and international has become ever more important for academics’ career prospects. This article explores junior and other insecurely employed researchers’ experiences of geographical mobility in relation to their personal life, career, employability and value as scholars. The aim is to discover the gendered strategies researchers use to combine mobility with intimate relations and personal life. Furthermore, what gendered ideas of mobility, employability and career success do researchers themselves construct? These aspects of mobility, particularly focused on gender, are analysed in three cases: Finland, Italy and the United Kingdom. These states are all (currently) members of the European Union and have implemented its internationalisation policies. The data consists of qualitative interviews gathered in 2009 and 2010. We suggest that the value and capital of academic labour are evaluated differently in the three different locations. Additionally, gender, age, academic age and life situation motivate different mobility strategies.
Review and analysis of publications on scientific mobility: assessment of influence, motivation, and trends
Autor/in:
Gureyev, Vadim N.; Mazov, Nikolay A.; Kosyakov, Denis V.; Guskov, Andrey E.
Quelle: Scientometrics, 124 (2020) 2, S 1599–1630
Inhalt: The phenomenon of scientific mobility, actively developing in recent decades, attracts increasing attention of researchers in view of its importance for the development of science, dissemination of scientific knowledge, making informed decisions in the management of science and training of qualified personnel. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature on the topic in the last 30 years with the use of bibliometric approaches, this paper outlines the main evolutionary stages of scientific mobility in the context of brain drain and circulation concepts; considers relations, advantages and disadvantages of scientific mobility in relation to scientific inbreeding; describes the main approaches and methodological aspects formed today in the study of the scientists mobility; discusses its positive and negative consequences for researchers, organizations, countries, and individual disciplines, and summarizes the motivations and driving forces of scientists when leaving the country and when returning.
Schlagwörter:Brain Drain; career progress; citation; international academic mobility; internationale akademische Mobilität; literature review; Mobilität; mobility
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Netzwerke und Organisationen, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Selbstbestimmung und Verlorenheit : Professorin werden an HAW
Autor/in:
Dölemeyer, Anne; Wagner, Leonie
Quelle: DNH (Die Neue Hochschule), (2020) 2, S 22–25
Inhalt: An einer HAW Professorin zu werden, bringt eine Reihe von neuen Aufgaben mit sich. Aufgrund der teilweise ungeschriebenen Regeln, Strukturen sowie Kulturen der Hochschulen und darin wirkenden geschlechtsbezogenen Praktiken kann dies insbesondere für neuberufene Professorinnen mit großen Herausforderungen verbunden sein.
Schlagwörter:Berufung; Fachhochschule; Geschlechterverhältnis; Hochschulkultur; Professorin
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Publikationen, Zitationen und H-Index im Meinungsbild deutscher Universitätsprofessoren
Autor/in:
Kamrani, Pantea; Dorsch, Isabelle; Stock, Wolfgang G.
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 42 (2020) 3, S 78–98
Inhalt: Wie wichtig sind deutschen Universitätsprofessoren Publikations- und Zitationsraten? Haben sie Vorlieben für gewisse Datenbanken (wie Web of Science, Scopus oder Google Scholar)? Welche Bedeutung messen sie dem H-Index in den jeweiligen Informationsdiensten bei? Kennen sie Definition und Rechenweg beim H-Index? Es wurde mit einer Online-Umfrage (und einem Wissenstest zum H-Index) gearbeitet, die von mehr als 1000 Professoren ausgefüllt wurde. Dabei wurde zwischen den Ergebnissen für alle Teilnehmer und zusätzlich den Ergebnissen nach Geschlecht, Generation und Wissensgebiet unterschieden.
Für die Mehrheit der befragten Forscher sind Publikationen wichtig, für Mediziner sind sie sogar sehr wichtig. Für Naturwissenschaftler und Mediziner sind Zitationen und H-Index bedeutsam, während Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftler, Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und Juristen Zitationen und den H-Index (teilweise erheblich) weniger schätzen. Zwei Fünftel aller befragten Professoren kennen keine Details zum H-Index.