Interventions Against Child Abuse and Violence Against Women: Ethics and culture in practice and policy
Herausgeber/in:
Hagemann-White, Carol; Kelly, Liz; Meysen, Thomas
Quelle: Opladen (Cultural Encounters in Intervention Against Violence, 1), 2019. 279 S
Inhalt: This book offers insights and perspectives from a study of "Cultural Encounters in Intervention Against Violence" (CEINAV) in four EU-countries. Seeking a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of intervention practices in Germany, Portugal, Slovenia and the United Kingdom, the team explored variations in institutional structures and traditions of law, policing, and social welfare. Theories of structural inequality and ethics are discussed and translated into practice.
Schlagwörter:Kind; child; sexueller Missbrauch; sexual abuse; Verwahrlosung; neglect; woman; häusliche Gewalt; domestic violence; Intervention; intervention; Prävention; prevention; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Menschenhandel; slave trade; Menschenrechte; human rights; Ethik; ethics; Strafverfolgung; prosecution; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Federal Republic of Germany; Portugal; Portugal; Slowenien; Slovenia; Großbritannien; Great Britain
SSOAR Kategorie:soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Running as a woman (or man): a review of research on political communicators and gender stereotypes
Autor/in:
Winfrey, Kelly L.; Schnoebelen, James M.
Quelle: Review of Communication Research, 7 (2019) , S 109-138
Inhalt: Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections. Twelve years later it was the so-called "Year of the Woman" in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 133 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books using quantitative, qualitative, and rhetorical methods. Our analysis demonstrates that gender stereotypes are still prevalent in American political campaigns, and women candidates must work to overcome the belief that they are not masculine enough to be political leaders. Additionally this review reveals two common strategies candidates use to negotiate gender stereotypes: feminine style and gender adaptiveness. We conclude that more research is needed to better understand how candidates navigate gender stereotypes in the 21st century, particularly in political debates and online communication.
Schlagwörter:gender studies; Politik; suffrage; political communication; communication research; Präsidentschaftswahl; Kampagne; politische Kommunikation; Wahlrecht; Wahl; campaign; gender; Stereotyp; Kommunikationsforschung; election; Gender; Kandidatur; stereotype; woman; Geschlechterforschung; politics; presidential election; candidacy; femininer Stil
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Partnered women's contribution to household labor income: Persistent inequalities among couples and their determinants
Autor/in:
Dieckhoff, Martina; Gash, Vanessa; Mertens, Antje; Romeu Gordo, Laura
Quelle: Social Science Research, (2019) 85
Inhalt: This paper explores earnings inequalities within dual-earner couples in East and West Germany drawing on household-level panel data from 1992 to 2016. It has three aims: (1) to analyze how the partner pay gap (the pay gap between partners within one household) has developed over time, given institutional change, and whether the extent of inequality and temporal development vary between East and West Germany; (2) to explore variation in the partner pay gap by male partners' absolute earnings; and (3) to investigate the micro-level determinants of earnings inequalities within couples and determine whether their relevance varies between East and West Germany as well as by male partners’ absolute earnings. We find women earn substantially less than their partners, and our regression results find no indication of a declining partner pay gap. Besides substantial variation between East and West Germany, our results also reveal important group-specific variation in the extent of the partner pay gap as well as in its determinants.
Schlagwörter:Dual Career Couple; alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; old federal states; Haushaltseinkommen; Einkommensunterschied; partnership; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; woman; difference in income; neue Bundesländer; Partnerschaft; labor force participation; gender-specific factors; New Federal States; dual career couple; Ungleichheit; inequality; gender inequality; institutional change; partner pay gap; time trends; German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) (1992-2016)
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Empowering women through digital skills in Argentina: a tale of two stories
Titelübersetzung:Stärkung von Frauen durch digitale Kompetenzen in Argentinien: eine Erzählung aus zwei Perspektiven
Autor/in:
Martinez Demarco, Solange
Quelle: TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis / Journal for Technology Assessment in Theory and Practice, 28 (2019) 2, S 23-28
Inhalt: "Promoting gender equality is smart development policy," says the World Bank. In line with this narrative, many companies have promoted gender equality in terms of bridging the gender digital divide. In Argentina, a growing number of grassroots initiatives sponsored by corporations have emerged and provide training in digital and soft skills as well as entrepreneurship and leadership opportunities. Without denying the efforts, importance, and value of the work of these groups, this paper studies some of the contradictions inherent to the increasing power that corporations have in the discourse and practice of reducing the gender digital gap. My argument is that these projects contribute to reinforcing current economic, social, and geographical divides, to discriminating against gender non-conforming people, and to further limiting government intervention in this area.
Schlagwörter:Argentinien; Argentina; Digitale Spaltung; digital divide; gender-specific factors; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Empowerment; empowerment; woman; Entwicklungspolitik; development policy; Lateinamerika; Latin America; smart economics
SSOAR Kategorie:Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Advancing Women's Political Rights in Africa: The Promise and Potential of ACDEG
Titelübersetzung:Förderung politischer Rechte von Frauen in Afrika: Das Versprechen und das Potenzial der ACDEG
Autor/in:
Abdulmelik, Nebila; Belay, Tsion
Quelle: Africa Spectrum, 54 (2019) 2, S 147-161
Inhalt: This paper places women at the centre of analysis, examining the potential and promise of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG) in the advancement of women’s political rights. This is a highly under-researched topic, necessitating a mapping of the current political landscape for women and an understanding of how ACDEG addresses these challenges as well as provides opportunities for advancing women's political participation. This paper argues that ACDEG provides a good basis and framework to operate from for member states - some of whom already have suitable policies, and more importantly suitable practices, in place that emerge from a range of normative frameworks, including the Maputo Protocol. ACDEG complements these frameworks and makes a further case for women's full and meaningful participation in public and private life by obligating states to take concrete steps to guarantee women's political rights. Considering this, the paper identifies prospects for women's rights activists and organisations to invoke ACDEG and monitor its implementation in the move towards the realisation of African women's political rights.
Schlagwörter:Afrika; Africa; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; politische Partizipation; political participation; ACDEG; women's rights; political rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Recht
Die Bedeutung der zeitlichen Einbettung von Geburten für die Erwerbsbiographien ost- und westdeutscher Frauen
Autor/in:
Putz, Tobias
Quelle: Universität Bamberg, Fak. Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Professur für Demografie; Bamberg (Population and Family Studies, 4), 2019. 297 S
Inhalt: Als Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit dient die Beobachtung, dass in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine Vielzahl gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen stattgefunden hat, die dazu geführt haben, dass die Wahl eines geeigneten Zeitpunkts für den Übergang zur Elternschaft zunehmend schwieriger geworden ist. So haben verschiedene Wandlungsprozesse, wie etwa die Bildungsexpansion oder die steigende Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen, dazu geführt, dass nicht nur das Zeitfenster, welches potenziell für eine Geburt zur Verfügung steht, immer kleiner geworden ist, sondern parallel hierzu auch die Opportunitätskosten innerhalb dieses Zeitfensters sukzessive zugenommen haben. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklungen richtet sich die Arbeit auf die Frage, welche Karriereeffekte mit einer unterschiedlichen zeitlichen Einbettung von Geburten in den Lebens- bzw. Erwerbsverlauf für ost- und westdeutsche Frauen einhergehen. Um diese Forschungsfrage beantworten zu können, gliedern sich die empirischen Analysen in zwei Teile: In einem ersten Schritt richtet sich der Fokus des Erkenntnisinteresses dabei auf die Bedeutung des Timings und Spacings der Geburten für Erwerbsverläufe. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die vielschichtigen Konsequenzen der zeitlichen Einbettung von Geburten für Erwerbsübergänge untersucht. Neben dem Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt wird dabei auch der Prozess des Arbeitsmarktausstiegs betrachtet.
Schlagwörter:Geburt; birth; woman; Biographie; biography; Erwerbsarbeit; gainful work; Federal Republic of Germany; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; neue Bundesländer; New Federal States; Elternschaft; parenthood; Lebenslauf; life career; Karriere; career
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Gesundheitsberufe sind weiblich: Warum gute Arbeitsbedingungen bessere Lebensbedingungen für Frauen schaffen
Autor/in:
Wochner, Romana
Quelle: Gute Arbeit in Gesundheits- und Sozialberufen?!. Wien (Sozialpolitik in Diskussion), 2019, S 28-31
Inhalt: Frauen sind häufig in einem Sektor tätig, der durch persönliche Dienstleistungen gekennzeichnet ist. Im Vergleich zu anderen Berufsfeldern sind solche Jobs schlechter bezahlt. Das bestätigt sich auch im Bereich der Gesundheitsberufe: Frauen stellen die eklatante Mehrheit der Beschäftigten. Dieses Tätigkeitsfeld ist für seine schwierigen Arbeitsbedingungen bekannt: Personalmangel, niedrige Löhne und mangelnde Vereinbarkeit mit dem Privatleben prägen den Berufsalltag. Vielfach übernehmen Frauen neben der beruflichen Tätigkeit zusätzlich einen hohen Anteil der Haus- und Familienarbeit. Der Beitrag zeigt, inwiefern gute Arbeitsbedingungen in den Gesundheitsberufen zugleich die Lebensbedingungen von Frauen verbessern: Pflegepolitik ist Frauenpolitik. Eine Verbesserung der Rahmenbedingungen für die Gesundheitsberufe ist das Gebot der Stunde. Die wichtige berufliche Tätigkeit muss angemessen entlohnt werden und Entlastung durch bessere Arbeitsbedingungen finden.
Schlagwörter:women's employment; family work; wage; Familienarbeit; health occupations; Gesundheitsberuf; Hausarbeit; housework; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; woman; Lebensbedingungen; working conditions; living conditions; Arbeitsbedingungen; gender-specific factors; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; Lohn
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Masculinities in Peacekeeping: Limits and transformations of UNSCR 1325 in the South African National Defence Force
Autor/in:
Fröhlich, Marieke
Quelle: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung; Frankfurt am Main (PRIF Reports, 7), 2019. 31 S
Inhalt: This report takes a closer look by investigating the ways that UNSCR 1325 has been conceptualized and put into practice in the South African National Defence Force. South Africa is deploying a relatively high proportion of female peacekeepers, but shortcomings of UNSCR 1325, specifically related to gender essentialisms, have affected discourses within the armed forces. While this has led to contradictions and contestations concerning sameness and difference among male and female peacekeepers, the study also reveals a critical engagement with military peacekeeper masculinities, pointing towards a surpassing of the limited premise of UNSCR 1325.
Schlagwörter:Friedenssicherung; peacekeeping; Männlichkeit; masculinity; UNO-Sicherheitsrat; UN Security Council; Republik Südafrika; Republic of South Africa; woman; gender-specific factors; Friedenstruppe; peacekeeping troops; Militär; military
SSOAR Kategorie:Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Building a new life and (re)making a family: Young Syrian refugee women in the Netherlands navigating between family and career
Titelübersetzung:Ein neues Leben beginnen und eine Familie (wieder)herstellen: Wie junge geflüchtete Frauen aus Syrien in den Niederlanden zwischen Familie und Beruf navigieren
Autor/in:
Ruis, Ada
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 31 (2019) 3, S 287-302
Inhalt: This article presents results of a qualitative analysis based on biographic narratives of three young, well-
educated women from Syria. They arrived in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017 in the context of
family reunion. The central question is how young Syrian women navigate between two major projects
that ask for their agency, being family and work. It is argued that both occupational career development
and the building of a family are ‘agentic projects’ that aim to contribute to the establishment of a new life
and to regain continuity. The analyses demonstrate that both projects are closely intertwined. Agency
emerges as highly relational and intersecting with the women’s position in the life course, timing of life
events, ability to adapt career goals to the new situation, and impact of social contexts on family rela-
tions.
Schlagwörter:woman; Flüchtling; refugee; Syrien; Syria; Biographie; biography; Familienzusammenführung; family reunion; Mutterschaft; motherhood; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Asylpolitik; asylum policy; Integration; integration; Niederlande; Netherlands; refugee family resettlement; life course perspective; agency; displacement and gender; young refugee mothers; biographic narratives
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung